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===Restoration of Economic Cooperation===
===Restoration of Economic Cooperation===
On October 30, 2018, members of a South Korean ad hoc parliamentary special committee on inter-Korean economic cooperation held its first meeting and saw members of both the ruling and opposition parties agree to restore inter-Korean economic cooperation which has ceased for about 10 years and to normalize operations of the now-shuttered North Korean [[Kaesong Industrial Region]] and the suspended joint tour project on Mount Kumgang, also located in the North, when conditions are met.<ref>http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2018/10/30/0200000000AEN20181030009000315.html</ref> Joint economic zones in these areas were two commitments of the Pyongyang Declaration.<ref name=sept19pydeclar />
On October 30, 2018, members of a South Korean ad hoc parliamentary special committee on inter-Korean economic cooperation held its first meeting and saw members of both the ruling and opposition parties agree to restore inter-Korean economic cooperation which has ceased for about 10 years and to normalize operations of the now-shuttered North Korean [[Kaesong Industrial Region]] and the suspended joint tour project on Mount Kumgang, also located in the North, when conditions are met.<ref>http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2018/10/30/0200000000AEN20181030009000315.html</ref> Joint economic zones in these two areas were also commitments of the Pyongyang Declaration.<ref name=sept19pydeclar />


===Failure to Uphold October Commitments===
===Failure to Uphold October Commitments===

Revision as of 17:01, 2 November 2018

September 2018 inter-Korean summit
South Korea: 2018년 남북정상회담
North Korea: 2018년 북남수뇌상봉
← May 2018 inter-Korean summit September 18–20, 2018 December 2018 inter-Korean summit →
File:Sept. 2018 Inter-Korea Summit Gallery (13).jpg
Host countryNorth Korea
Motto평화, 새로운 미래
平和, 새로운 未來
(Peace, A New Future)
Venue(s)Pyongyang
ParticipantsSouth Korea Moon Jae-in
North Korea Kim Jong-un
Website2018 Inter-Korean Summit
September 2018 inter-Korean summit
Korean name
Hangul2018년 남북정상회담
Hanja2018年 南北頂上會談
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization2018nyeon Nambuk Jeongsang-hoedam
McCune–Reischauer2018nyŏn Nambuk Chŏngsang-hoedam
Alternative Korean name
Hangul2018년 북남수뇌상봉
Hanja2018年 北南首腦相逢
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization2018nyeon Bungnam Sunoe-sangbong
McCune–Reischauer2018nyŏn Pungnam Sunoe-sangpong

The September 2018 inter-Korean summit was the third inter-Korean summit in 2018.

On 13 August, the Blue House announced that South Korea's President plans to attend the third inter-Korean summit with leader Kim Jong-un at Pyongyang in September as expected. The agenda would be finding the strategy of the breakthrough in its hampered talks with the U.S. and solution for the denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula.[1][2][3] It was held for three days between September 18 and September 20.[4]

Overview

It would be the fifth inter-Korean summit after the Korean War of 1950–1953. North Korea is currently soliciting economic cooperation and results from South Korea at the upcoming inter-Korean summit on September.[5] North Korea's state media announced the agreement to hold the next inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang.[6]

Progress

It was announced on August 31 that South Korean President Moon Jae-In will send a special delegation to North Korea on September 5 to hold more nuclear talks and set up the date for the summit.[7][8][9] On September 5, 2018, South Korean National Security Advisor Chung Eui-yong, National Intelligence Service Director Suh Hoon and other delegates travelled to North Korea to hold a meeting with Kim Jong-un, where they arranged the summit and help rescue faltering nuclear diplomacy between the United States and North Korea.[10] It was then announced that the three-day summit would take place between September 18 and September 20.[11] South Korean officials have insisted that Kim Jong-un has set a proposed denuclearization timetable and is working with Trump to achieve this goal.[12]

September 18 (Day 1)

File:Sept. 2018 Inter-Korea Summit 01.jpg
Moon Jae-in arriving at the Pyongyang International Airport

The summit began as scheduled on September 18.[13] On the first day, Moon Jae-in and his wife Kim Jung-Sook arrived at Pyongyang's Sunan International Airport, where they got a rousing reception, which featured a marchpast by the guard of honor and the Central Military Band of the Korean Peoples Army.[13] Kim Jong-un also greeted them and embraced Moon.[13] Kim and Moon also arrived at the summit in the same car.[13] Both also openly waved to an enthusiastic car parade.[13]

September 19 (Day 2)

File:Sept. 2018 Inter-Korea Summit 07.jpg
Moon and Kim with the "Pyongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018"

In Pyongyang, an agreement titled the "Pyongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018" was signed by both Korean leaders[14] The agreement calls for a military agreement, civilian exchanges and cooperation in many areas, and conditions to denuclearize North Korea.[15][16] During this day, North Korean Defense Minister No Kwang Chol and South Korean Defense Minister Song Young-moo also signed a new Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-Aggression, Exchanges and Cooperation (aka "Basic Agreement") known as the "Agreement on the Implementation of the Historic Panmunjom Declaration in the Military Domain" (also called the Comprehensive Military Agreement, or CMA) to help ensure less military tension between both countries and greater arms control.[17][18][19][16][20][21] The agreement calls for the removal of landmines, guard posts, weapons, and personnel in the JSA from both sides of the North-South Korean border.[22][16][23] The agreement also called for the creation of joint military buffer zones.[21][24][23]

The DPRK agreed to dismantle its nuclear complex in the presence of international experts if the U.S. takes correlative action. [25] The DPRK also agreed to complete its dismantling of the Sohae Satellite Launching Station, which started in July 2018,[26] and that the dismantling of Sohae's missile engine test site and launch pad would be observed by international experts as well.[27][28]

Kim Jong-un also pledged to visit the South Korean capital of Seoul "in the near future."[29][30]

In front of a capacity crowd of 150,000,[31] Moon delivered a speech at Pyongyang's May Day Stadium calling for cultural unity and reunification of both Koreas.[31] Moon received a standing ovation and was the first ever South Korean leader to give a public address in North Korea.[32] At the same stadium, Moon, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and their wives attended the mass games performance of "The Glorious Country."[31][33]

September 20 (Day 3)

File:Moon and Kim on Mt. Paektu.jpg
Kim and Moon at Heaven Lake of Mount Paektu

The leaders of the two Koreas visited Mount Paektu together.[31] Moon traveled from Pyongyang by plane to Samjiyon Airport near Mount Paektu where Kim arrived first to greet him.[31] They then rode vehicles to the mountain on the North Korean-Chinese border.[31] The leaders also rode together in a cable car to reach Heaven Lake, located in a crater atop the mountain's sacred volcano area.[34] Moon was the first South Korean President to visit Mount Baekdu.[35] After reaching the lake, Moon along with their wives, posed together in front of it for a picture.[34] The mountain's volcano and Heaven Lake is considered to be the most sacred sites in Korean mythology[36][37] and Kim's family has long identified themselves as the "Mount Paektu bloodline."[34][35] Before Moon returned to South Korea,[38] a stone marker was dedicated during a tree planting ceremony in Pyongyang to commemorate his trip to North Korea.[34]

Reactions

Chinese state media Xinhua greeted the decision of holding the next inter-Korea leaders' summit in Pyongyang. Xinhua expressed that the U.S. has had a vital impact on the "Korean Peninsula issue" and requested on Washington to play a more dynamic role in regional matters. Xinhua also viewed negatively the United States' North Korea policy with "maximum pressure" although Pyongyang has made efforts to "shut down" the Punggye-ri primary nuclear test site, return the remains of the U.S. soldiers from the Korean War, and stimulate negotiations between North and South.[39] On September 19, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang praised the meeting, stating that it produced positive effects easing military tensions, promoting peace talks and the progressing denuclearization process.[40]

Aftermath

Kim's visit to Seoul

It was announced that DPRK leader Kim Jong-un's visit to Seoul would occur in December 2018 based on the report from South Korea’s Yonhap news agency. [41]

The meeting during UN General Assembly

Moon Jae-in at UN members requests world to acknowledge ‘positively’ to Kim Jong-un’s ‘new choices’ to inspire denuclearisation. US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo earlier assembled with his North Korean counterpart Foreign Minister Ri Yong-ho in New York and announced that it's very positive gathering with DPRK during UNGA (General Assembly) to discuss upcoming Trump-Kim summit & next steps toward denuclearization of North Korea. [42]

Removal of landmines along DMZ

On October 1, 2018, North and South Korean military engineers began a scheduled 20 day removal process of landmines and other explosives planted across the Joint Security Area of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).[43][44][45] The Joint Security Area, located near the shared border village of Panmunjom, will also undergo major changes following the demining as well.[44] It was also agreed that Arrowhead Hill would afterwards undergo demining by both North and South Korean forces and that they would also assist in searching for potential remains of missing soldiers.[46] Around 800,000 landmines were planted along these two regions since the division of Korea.[44] On October 19, 2018, after just 19 days of mine clearing operations by both sides,[47] the United Nations Command announced that both North and South Korea had completed work to remove landmines from the Joint Security Area was now complete.[48][49][50]

By October 25, 2018, demining had begun at Arrowhead Hill and resulted in the discovery of Korean War remains.[51] Demining at Arrowhead Hill will continue until November 30, 2018.[51]

Dismantling of Joint Security Area guard posts

Once the Joint Security Area is demined, the guard posts will cease to exist.[44] Official dismantling of Joint Security Area guard posts is complete on October 25.[52][53][54][55][56]

Disarmament of Joint Security Area

The Joint Security Area will no longer be armed with weapons of any kind after it is demined as well.[44] Official disarmament of this area is complete on October 25.[52][53][54][55][56]

Withdrawal of Personnel

Any military personnel, regardless of their country, who is stationed at the Joint Security Area on either side of the border will be forced to withdraw when demining is complete.[57][58] On October 25, 2018, Personnel was replaced with 35 unarmed security guards.[52][56][53][54][55]

Opening of Inter-Korean Liaison Office

The first meeting at the Inter-Korean Liaison Office occurred between delegates from both Koreas on October 22, 2018. The meeting concerned, among other things, forestry cooperation between both Koreas.[59][60] Forest ecology cooperation was one commitments in the Pyongyang Declaration.[15] Another meeting between North and South Korean delegates which was held at the office on November 2, 2018, talks at the office resulted in bids for a unified Korean team at the 2020 Olympics and to hold the 2032 Summer Olympics in both Koreas.[61]

Joint Celebration of October 4 Declaration

On October 4, 2018, Pyongyang allowed a South Korean delegation to participate in a joint celebration of the 11th anniversary of the October 4 Declaration.[62] This event also commemorated the 100th anniversary of the March 1st Movement and was one of the commitments in the Pyongyang Declaration.[62][15]

Ratification of Summit Agreements

On October 23, 2018, Moon ratified both the Pyongyang Declaration and the CMA just hours after they were approved by his cabinet.[63][64][17] Following the approval, it was acknowledged that the South Korean Constitution allows the President to approve treaties without consent from the National Assembly so long as they do not "give huge financial burdens to the people."[64]

Restoration of Economic Cooperation

On October 30, 2018, members of a South Korean ad hoc parliamentary special committee on inter-Korean economic cooperation held its first meeting and saw members of both the ruling and opposition parties agree to restore inter-Korean economic cooperation which has ceased for about 10 years and to normalize operations of the now-shuttered North Korean Kaesong Industrial Region and the suspended joint tour project on Mount Kumgang, also located in the North, when conditions are met.[65] Joint economic zones in these two areas were also commitments of the Pyongyang Declaration.[15]

Failure to Uphold October Commitments

Some commitments of the Pyongyang Declaration which had been scheduled to be held in October 2018 were not upheld.[66] Among them were a joint survey for a cross-border railway and sports and health meetings to bolster exchange in the respective areas.[66] A Pyongyang art troupe also did not hold a scheduled performance in Seoul.[66] The Pyongyang Declaration called for a Pyongyang art troupe to hold a performance in Seoul sometime in October 2018 as well.[15]

South Korean observation of North Korean WMD Program

On October 31, 2018, Kim Min-ki of the ruling Democratic Party issued a statement revealing that officials from South Korea's National Intelligence Service had observed several of North Korea's nuclear and missile test sites and that they were now ready for the upcoming international inspections.[28] Kim also stated the now inactive Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site and the Sohae Satellite launching ground were included in these observations.[28] The visit by the intelligence officials was also meant to make preparations for the international experts to observe the dismantling of the North Korean nuclear and missile test sites as well.[28] The international experts will also be allowed to witness the dismantled of other North Korean nuclear and missile test sites as well.[28] Yongbyon, the last nuclear facility in North Korea which has yet to be closed, has also been inactive during the past year as well.[28]

Buffer and Peace Zones Established

On November 1, 2018, officials from the South Korea's Ministry of Defense confirmed that buffer zones were established across the DMZ by the North and South Korean militaries.[24] In compliance with Comprehensive Military Agreement,[21] the buffer zones help ensure that both Koreas will ban hostility on land, sea and air.[24] The buffer zones stretch from the north of Deokjeok Island to the south of Cho Island in the West Sea and the north of Sokcho city and south of Tongchon County in the East Sea.[67] Both North and South Korea are prohibited from conducting live-fire artillery drills and regiment-level field maneuvering exercises or those by bigger units within 5 kilometers of the Military Demarcation Line (MDL).[24] No-fly zones have also been established along the DMZ to ban the operation of drones, helicopters and other aircraft over an area up to 40 km away from the MDL.[24] Both Koreas also established "peace zones" near their disputed Yellow Sea border.[24]

2020 unified Korean Olympic team and 2032 joint Korean Olympic co-host bid

On November 2, 2018, officials from both North and South Korea announced that their countries would participate at the 2020 Summer Olympics, held in Tokyo, Japan, as a unified team.[68][69] The officials from both Koreas also announced that the letters they would sent to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) regarding their bids for hosting the 2032 Summer Olympics would also consist of co-host bids so that the Olympic activities would take place in both nations if their bids were accepted as well.[68][69][70] Both of these obligations were agreed to in the Pyongyang Declaration.[15]

See also

References

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  8. ^ hermesauto (31 August 2018). "South Korean President Moon Jae-in to send special envoy to North Korea next week". straitstimes.com.
  9. ^ Johnson, Jesse (31 August 2018). "South Korean President Moon Jae-in to dispatch special envoy to North Korea next week" – via Japan Times Online.
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