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January 1

Nuclear disarmament plan by USA and USSR in 1945/1946?

Hello, I'm having a lot of trouble finding any information on the development of nuclear disarmament plan proposed by the USA right after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I have (grade 12) assignment on answering the question "why didn't the USA follow through on a disarmament plan" and the source reading (I do online school) links to this: http://www.historyguide.org/europe/lecture14.html where it gets that information from. But, I have not been able to find other sources on this supposed plan, and I am having difficulty forming an opinion on the topic when all I know about it comes from one source, and one paragraph. It's the twelfth paragraph, and the gist of it is: "the United States developed a disarmament plan based on turning over all fissionable materials, plants and bombs to an international regulatory agency. The Soviets responded quickly with their own plan which stipulated nothing less than a total ban on the production of all fissionable material." TLDR: Was there a proposal right after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the Americans proposing that an independent international body took possession of all fissionable materials, and was there also a counter proposal by the Soviets declaring that all fissionable materials should be destroyed and existing bombs be destroyed? Thank you. --Navvvrisk (talk) 00:20, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

See Baruch Plan, paying particular attention to the last sentence of the article. Will search for something better.—eric 01:23, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

You can follow the links in the footnotes in that article to some google books previews. James Carroll's House of War you can borrow from Archive. I see Melvyn Leffler mentioned but not A Preponderance of Power.—eric 01:42, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

You can also borrow from Archive Bundy, M. G. (1990). Danger and survival: Choices about the bomb in the first fifty years. and Herken, G. (1980). The winning weapon: The atomic bomb in the cold war, 1945-1950.—eric 02:11, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

Some online sources -

• The Acheson-Lilienthal & Baruch Plans, 1946
• The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb Part VI: The Manhattan District in Peacetime
• The Manhattan District in Peacetime - Postwar Planning
• The Manhattan District in Peacetime - The Baruch Plan

Also some Google Books previews:

• Pearson and Canada's Role in Nuclear Disarmament and Arms Control by Joseph Levitt
• The Baruch Plan: U.S. Diplomacy enters the Atomic Age by United States Congress
• The American Nuclear Disarmament Dilemma, 1945-1963 by David Tal

Happy reading! Alansplodge (talk) 12:20, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

You should probably look at Richard Rhodes two-volume history of the bomb. The first volume is mostly about the development of the A-bomb in WW2 and shortly after, while the second volume is nominally about the H-bomb, but the second volume says much more about arms control efforts, so you should probably look at both. 2601:640:10A:F3C9:534B:5F1F:3590:C99C (talk) 06:03, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

Northern delivery in Canada and the USA?

Is there an analogue of this ru:Северный завоз in Canada and the USA, and if so, on what scale and what sources are there? I want to supplement the article with the experience of Canada and the USA. --Vyacheslav84 (talk) 09:47, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

(Translation of the linked Russian Wikipedia article is here).

The only thing I could find is Why people in Canada’s remote Arctic capital are obsessed with Amazon Prime. Alansplodge (talk) 12:00, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

In Canada, there was the Northern Air Stage Program, created by Canada Post and subsidized by the federal government, that ensured lower freight rates for delivery of healthy food supplies to Arctic communities. Can't find much online at a quick glance, except for this article [1], but I'm sure there's more information out there as it was intermittently talked about in the news until at least the end of the 1990s. Xuxl (talk) 14:17, 1 January 2020 (UTC)

January 2

Valentino Riroroko Tuki

Can anyone help find reliable sources for the death of Valentino Riroroko Tuki? Kbabej stated: I can't find any RS reporting on Tuki's death. I have found a facebook page purportedly by "S.M. Ariki-Rey Valentino Riroroko Tuki" that has a picture of Tuki with the (translated) caption "With great regret this page communicates the death of S.M. Don Valentino riroroko tuki 88th ariki of rapa - nui, belonging to the royal house of miru". Any thoughts?... I am also curious. KAVEBEAR (talk) 03:07, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

January 3

Copyrights

As I understand it, copyright protection for items older than 95 years have become public domain on January 1, a practice which will continue every January 1 for some decades to come. My question is, what does that do to Wikipedia's restrictions on photos made during 1924. Previously, 1923 was the cutoff. Is there a page where this is being discussed? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 09:39, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

I don't spend much time working in the area of copyright, but perhaps Wikipedia:Media copyright questions would be the best forum for your question. --Jayron32 13:21, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

And they've confirmed what I had assumed.[2] Thank you! ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:15, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Resolved

Note that the statement that it won't change for "some decades to come" is only an assumption. There might always be another Mickey Mouse Protection Act. --142.112.159.101 (talk) 07:48, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

See also: 2020 in public domain and Commons:Public Domain Day/2020 with examples of newly public domain works. Rmhermen (talk) 19:52, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Hackers

I recall that in the early to mid 90’s there were a handful of “hackers” in the USA who were convicted of various hacker related crimes. Odd penalties were applied to these people, I recall one of them was ordered to not be allowed in the same room with any computer type device more powerful than a standard calculator. Where are they now? In the modern world it would not be possible for these people to function in the world without solitary confinement. Were these convictions overturned, or the punishments withdrawn? Or was this an urban myth or false memory? Thanks. Anton 81.131.40.58 (talk) 11:56, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

The most notable was Kevin Mitnick, who was arrested and convicted in 1995, served 5 years in prison, and was not allowed to use any electronic device more advanced than a landline telephone. Perhaps that was who you were thinking of. --Jayron32 13:20, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

[3] has samples of conditions imposed by federal courts in the US, the most stringent of which is "You must not possess and/or use computers (as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 1030(e)(1)) or other electronic communications or data storage devices or media." I'd note that both this, and the restrictions on Kevin Mitnick bar the ownership of or use of such devices rather than being in the same room, although since these are probation conditions and so violations of them may not require proof beyond a reasonable doubt, I'd imagine many lawyers would urge caution regarding being in the same room as such devices unsupervised. This articles discusses the complexity of such limitations [4] which this from 2003 discusses controversy of limitations on internet usage [5]. I'd note that as these are probation conditions, they generally should not last forever, and if I understand the above article correctly while Kevin Mitnick's limitation was overturned anyway, it was only supposed to last about 3 years. That said, conditions on sex offenders may last beyond probation. I'm not sure if this extends to bans on owning computers, but there are well known cases like Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony [6] and others [7] arising from residence restrictions Nil Einne (talk) 15:47, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

I found this regarding a successful challenge to a condition in West Virginia [8] prohibiting "possessing or having contact with any computer, electronic device, communication device or any device which was enabled with internet access." Although "having contact" (assuming that was really the language used) is more ambiguous than "using", the initial outcome does IMO illustrate my point about the risks noting in that case the computer was even password protected and the defendant said they did not know the password something which was not challenged. This [9] is about a successful challenge to a less restrictive condition. I'd note that both involved people convicted of sex offences. This is a complaint about what they argue is an overbroad use of a less restrictive condition (ban on internet use), somewhat similar to my earlier NY Times link I guess. This discusses the experiences of someone subject to such a restriction (ban on internet use) [10] although the podcast with the full story doesn't work. This discusses an overturned lifetime ban for a sex offender [11] / [12]. (As the later source makes clearer, technically you could argue this is a probation condition as it's condition on supervised released, but that supervised released is intended to last the defendant's whole life.) Nil Einne (talk) 16:47, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

Japanese Aristocracy

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-7842305/Japans-royal-family-beam-laugh-pose-New-Years-family-portrait.html

In this picture, what are they doing, what are they looking at, is the green object an ashtray?! Western Monarchies would usually have themselves pictured in a more formal posture. Thanks. Anton 81.131.40.58 (talk) 12:04, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Looking at the photos and considering the source, I'm pretty sure the Daily Fail reversed the order they were meant to be seen in in an effort to make the Japanese royal family seem less formal than they really are. The last photo in the gallery is extremely formal, and the rest appear to be Omake.

If you look at the gallery, you'll get the rest of your answers: the little critter figurines are ornaments representing the Chinese Zodiac, the green thing is a purse, and they actually can pose formally. Ian.thomson (talk) 12:52, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

The Mail article calls it a "mouse ornament" but I think Inrō might be a better description, although an unusually large one. BTW, Japan Today has only the formal team photo. Alansplodge (talk) 16:14, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

Please don't link to those odious fear mongers and purveyors of hate at the Mail. It will only serve to legitimise them. Fgf10 (talk) 20:31, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

US Hispanics with ancestors who lived in the US before 1848

Does anyone here know what percentage of US Hispanics have ancestors who lived in the US (as in, within the US's present-day borders) before 1848? Futurist110 (talk) 21:51, 3 January 2020 (UTC)

That's about 7 or 8 generations ago. A person has 128 direct ancestors in the seventh generation. Most people cannot document all 128 of those people, so it would be all but impossible to get that data for millions of people. --Jayron32 02:07, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Can we use a different, more recent year as a benchmark instead? For instance, 1900 or 1910 or even 1940? Futurist110 (talk) 04:02, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Futurist110 -- the only areas of the territory handed over in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which had substantial settled populations of non-Indians and non-Anglos at the time were northern New Mexico, the San Antonio, Texas area, and the lower Rio Grande valley in Texas. Similar and related questions have been discussed many times before here, though the only one I can find with a quick simple search is Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2018 October 22#In the late 1840s, - AnonMoos (talk) 18:47, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

January 4

Full names of French colonial or naval officers (1888)

Need help identifying the full names of these French colonial or naval officers. Mainly interested in knowing the full names of De Nays-Candau, Reux, Aublet, and Tournois. Other names that would be cool to know but less important: Cadousteau, Marin, Paquis, Philip, Clot, and Lefebre, Andrieu, Le Touze, Dusault, Charpentier de Cossigny, Martel. I already know Alfred Charles Marie La Guerre, Étienne Théodore Mondésir Lacascade and Louis Dénot. Source: pages 152–156. Also who was the captain of the l'Aorai in 1888 mentioned in this document? KAVEBEAR (talk) 00:10, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Reux and the final question: this source page 809 says that in 1887, l’Aorai was a two-gun goélette (schooner) stationed at Taïti and her captain had been L.M. Reux, a lieutenant de vaisseau, since 18 June 1886. This fits with the text you linked, which actually does describe Reux as the commander of the l’Aorai: "le Lieutenant de Vaisseau Reux, commandant la goelette l’Aorai". And all this would match with him being this Louis Marie Reux. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 01:12, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

Aublet: Édouard-Edmond Aublet, described in your source as Capitaine d’infanterie de marine (captain of the marines). He has a biographical line (last line on page) on page 310 of this book. Born 10 May 1854, belonged to the second regiment, joined the French Army 2 Nov 1873, promoted to sublieutenant 1 Oct 1880, promoted to lieutenant 25 May 1883, promoted to captain of marines 20 August 1886 while at Taïti. His signature is shown here, and per that source, he also went on to write a book: La Guerre au Dahomey 1888-1893; per his name on the title page, he was also an Officier D’ordonnance du Ministre de la Marine (ordnance officer for the Minister of the Navy). 70.67.193.176 (talk) 01:28, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

de Naÿs Candau: Pierre-Louis-Auguste-Fernand de Naÿs Candau. Your source calls him le Chef d’Escadron d’Artillerie de Marine (major of marine artillery). Going back to that book again, he’s got a biographical line on page 184 (last line on page) where he is described as born 29 June 1850, promoted to captain 18 March 1879, and currently serving as brevet d'état-major, chef de service (chief staff officer) at Tahiti. On page 218 it says be was made staff officer in 1877. Here’s his page on that naval officer fan site – there’s a picture as well as lots of other details. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 01:41, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

And finally Tournois: Odon-Georges-Pierre Tournois, who your source describes as le Lieutenant Tournois, détaché auprès du Gouverneur (I can’t translate this myself, but google translate claims it means “seconded to the Governor”) shows up on page 324, sixth from last entry. He’s a lieutenant of marines, born 22 April 1859, and his regiment is described as H.c. (don’t know what that stands for). Joined the service 19 June 1877, promoted to sublieutenant 13 March 1882, promoted to lieutenant 2 May 1884, while at Tahiti. The fansite doesn’t have a page for him but mentions a few more details for him here. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 01:51, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

For the others, NB that if you scroll down to page 156 of your source, you get some more helpful details:

Andrieu is a Lieutenant de Vaisseau, commanding the Scorpion

Martel is an Enseigne de Vaisseau on the Scorpion

Charpentier de Cossigny is an Enseigne de Vaisseau on the Scorpion

Dusault is a Médecin de Deuxième Classe, Médecin-Major on the Scorpion

Le Touze is an Officier d’Administration on the Scorpion

Philip is a Médecin de Première Classe, Médecin-Major on the Decrès

Paquis is an Enseigne de Vaisseau on the Decrès

Marin is an Officier d’Administration on the Decrès

Per the Annuaire de la Marine et des Colonies 1887 source, we get Albert-Jules-Guillaume Charpentier de Cossigny, Marie-Émile-Paul-Émery Dusault, Louis-Antoine-Justin Philip, Georges-Gustave Paquis, with similar biographical details on birthdates and promotions as above. There are two Andrieus and seven Martels and five Marins, so I don’t know which would be yours. Le Touze doesn’t appear. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 02:07, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

Thank you so much! Any idea what the Scorpion was and why did its officials only signed the document for Bora Bora. KAVEBEAR (talk) 02:14, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

You’re very welcome! It was fun. The Scorpion was a four-gun gunboat per the Annuaire page 809. I don't know re the whys - the sources I have been looking at here don't have prose accounts. Eric? Alanspodge? 70.67.193.176 (talk) 02:26, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

And your final three names:

Clot: The Annuaire gives Marc-Albert Clot on page 96. Fan site page.

It lists no Lefebre (if it’s a misspelling for Lefebvre, there are six of them). The context of your source, however, seems to indicate that Clot and Lefebre might be the commanders of the schooners Orohena and Taravao so that might be another research angle to pursue.

Cadousteau, Interprète Principal du Gouvernement (chief government interpreter) gets an initial, J, when he signs a document on 29 Dec 1887 here, and if you search “J Cadousteau” he’s all over the record, but I can’t find what the J stands for! 70.67.193.176 (talk) 02:22, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

January 5

Date of Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française

Any idea the publication date of the site Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française?

• Gleizal, Christian. "Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française" (in French). Retrieved 25 December 2019.

KAVEBEAR (talk) 18:07, 4 January 2020 (UTC)

Wayback picks it up via Alexa on December 21, 2010 The x-archive-orig-last-modified header for that version is Sun, 08 Aug 2010 22:45:41 GMT. The crawldata is not public on Archive.—eric 19:14, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

Faneuhi and Paimatai in Raiatea

Trying to find where Faneuhi[13] and Paimatai[14] are in Raiatea. We have these maps of Raiatea but there is no Mont Faneuhi or la pointe Paimatai. KAVEBEAR (talk) 02:00, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

According to this, Mont Faneuhi is at 16°51′S 151°26′W (although those coordinates are likely to be an approximation, since there does not seem to be a mountain at that precise location). That book—South Pacific Islands: Official Standard Names Approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names—appears to lack an entry for "Paimatai". Deor (talk) 17:18, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

pointe pamatai 16°49′9″S 151°28′56″W.—eric 02:15, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

faneuhi 16°51′8″S 151°26′32″W more accurate.—eric 02:22, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Brian Dean Paul article

Hello. I like the wiki project and will probably do some editing, but I want to address a specific issue first: my name is Christopher Hallam and I am the author of a book and the PhD on which it is based: the latter is called 'Script Doctors and Vicious Addicts', and is referenced in the wiki article on Brian Dean Paul, and possibly also that on Brenda, his sister (can't recall off hand.) The PhD is presently referenced as 'LSHTM research online'. No author is given: well, I am the author and want this acknowledged please. The subsequent book would be an even better reference for these entries, and is called 'White Drug Cultures and Regulation in London, 1916 to 1960', London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2018.

I could do this myself I guess, but wanted to check out the protocols of editing first. Can someone respond to this please?

Thanks Dr Christopher Hallam — Preceding unsigned comment added by C.Hallam123 (talk • contribs) 18:13, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

If you provide specific info (ISBN, page number, unpaywalled URL) I'm sure someone will remedy the situation shortly. Temerarius (talk) 18:47, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

The article in question is Brian Dean Paul. I have amended the LSTHM ref citation to show the author and other details. Details of the book are here but we need to know which page numbers relate to which statement in the article. The first reference is particularly suspect, so it would be useful to replace that if nothing else. If you are going to add it in yourself, you need to use Template:Cite book, but have a look at a better article first to see how it ought to be done - this one falls into the "not terribly good" category. BTW, the best place to ask further questions is Wikipedia:Teahouse which is a "friendly place to learn about editing Wikipedia" (although we're usually friendly here too). Alansplodge (talk) 19:08, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

January 6

USS General Mifflin

• 
• 
• 
• 
  Life preserver on this one shows the name of the ship.
• 

We have these five photos of a (presumably) U.S. Navy ship called General Mifflin, clearly not the Revolutionary War ship of that name. I can't find anything else about it anywhere on line. Does anyone have any information about this ship? - Jmabel | Talk 06:38, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Well, I googled "USS general mifflin" and found only Wikipedia references to the 18th century ship—except for one item in the 1916 report of the Commission on Industrial Relations. On page 4343 of Volume V, a witness states that when 3–4 days of work was done by the Seattle Machine Works on the USS General Mifflin and the USS Dix by the Seattle Machine Works in 1913, the eight-hour day law was seriously violated, with one man laboring for 36 hours straight.

But this leads to the question of what ship the "USS Dix" referred to here is. In Wikipedia that name redirects to the USS Dorothea L. Dix of World War II, which it obviously isn't, and Wikipedia's alphabetical lists of U.S. Navy ships show no others where Dix is a word in the name. And googling "USS dix" is not productive.

--142.112.159.101 (talk) 08:14, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Oh, here's a bit more. Page 4529 of the same report identifies the General Mifflin as a "steamer" and the Dix as a "transport". --142.112.159.101 (talk) 08:23, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Our List of ships of the United States Army#Transport ships has a redlink for USAT General Mifflin (presumably "US Army Transport"). Alansplodge (talk) 13:51, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

• U.S. harbor boat (army) in San Fran Bay, serving Alcatraz, maybe Angel Island, starting sometime 1854-96. Harlan, George H. (1967). San Francisco Bay ferryboats. pp. 25, 82. (have to borrow).
• San Fran between July 1, 1908 and June 30, 1910. Army tug 250 tons. [15].
• San Fran, Fiscal 1910-12, 108 arrivals. [16]
• "the Continental Colors being flown on the General Mifflin commanded by Captain William McNeil when it" Smith, Whitney (1975). The flag book of the United States. (waitlist at Archive) nm, that was 1777
• repaired 1913, $731, 12 days, Standard Boiler Works, Seattle. Q.M.D (Quartermaster Marine Department?) U.S.H.B. (U.S. Harbor Boat).[17]
• here we have 443.81 gross and 129.61 net tonnage (Quartermaster Corps, U.S. Army)
• built SF 1904, purchased Alaska Steamship Company 1934 and renamed Kenai, then 1942 to Foss Launch and Tug Company, scrapped 1963[18] (just realized that contradicts Harlan above)
• Bethlehem Steel Company, SF 1903 [19]
• Collisions and such at California Digital Newspaper Collection have to search from their page, google searches seem to take you to the wrong issue. launched Feb. 29, 1904, Risdon Iron Works, 132'3"x27'beam, draws 12'10", 13kt, designed as water carrier
• A careless master?[20]
• Skalley, M. (1981). Foss: Ninety years of towboating. pp. 155–6. for 1942-63

—eric 16:46, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

• I'm sure the USAT is the one in question, thanks! And a confirmed Seattle connection is great to have. - Jmabel | Talk 22:18, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
• Dix, by the way, is almost certainly this one. We have pictures of it in Bremerton, Seattle, and Tacoma (all Puget Sound ports). - Jmabel | Talk 22:25, 6 January 2020 (UTC)
• I've now placed the five photos in Commons:Category:USAT General Mifflin (ship, 1904). - Jmabel | Talk 22:48, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Highest-ranking officers killed by enemy action in World War II

Speaking of World War II, the events of recent days have left me curious about what generals, admirals, or other high-ranking officers of the major belligerents were killed by enemy action in that war. Does there happen to be a list of such events? --142.112.159.101 (talk) 08:19, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

I don't know about a list, but at the top of it could be Isoroku Yamamoto. A case in the American Civil War was General Stonewall Jackson, who died as a result of being shot during combat; but that's with an asterisk, as he was shot by his own troops, presumably by mistake. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:07, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

As to Allied officers, a starting point might be the footnote in the article on Admiral Sir Tom Phillips (went down with his flagship, HMS Prince of Wales, in December 1941), which states: "Phillips was the highest ranking Allied officer killed in battle during the war since Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory was killed in a plane crash and U.S. Army General Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. was posthumously promoted to four-star rank." Proteus (Talk) 11:56, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

This article looks useful for your research. --Jayron32 12:03, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Lt Gen William Gott was shot down and killed in 1942, leaving a vacancy filled by Bernard Montgomery. Władysław Sikorski, the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces, was killed in the 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash, which was an accident, or was it? see Władysław Sikorski's death controversy. On the other side, General Reinhard Heydrich, the Director of the Gestapo, was assassinated in Operation Anthropoid in 1942. Alansplodge (talk) 13:43, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto of the Japanese Air Force died when his aircraft was shot down by the Americans. However, he was touring his troops at the time, and he was deliberately targeted LongHairedFop (talk) 19:17, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

And Vice Admiral Lancelot Holland went down with HMS Hood at the Battle of the Denmark Strait, last seen sitting in his chair on the bridge, making no effort to escape. Alansplodge (talk) 21:46, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

ISTR that in the US Civil War, Union forces expended colossal resources trying to kill or capture Nathan Bedford Forrest, but never managed to do so. 2601:640:10A:F3C9:534B:5F1F:3590:C99C (talk) 05:59, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

So to summarize, and speaking only of WW2:

• For the Japanese, the highest-rank person killed by the other side was Yamamoto, comparable to five-star rank.
• For the Americans, it was Lt.Gen. Simon Buckner (three-star rank). Three other lieutenant-generals died in cases of accident or presumed accident, including one by friendly fire.
• For the British, there were two three-stars: Lt.Gen. Gott and Vice Admiral Holland.
• For the Germans, there's Heydrich, who was an Obergruppenführer, which is comparable to three-star rank, but that was in the SS, which was considered a paramilitary, not a military force. Was anyone of high rank killed in the other German forces?
• And nobody has suggested any instances for the USSR.

Thanks! --142.112.159.101 (talk) 04:55, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

• I'm pretty sure the highest ranking German of the regular military killed in action during WWII was Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock (5-star). He was killed on the ground by a British air attack. --Jayron32 13:01, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

  You missed out Tom Phillips from your summary, he was at acting Admiral (four star) according to our article. DuncanHill (talk) 13:10, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

  This thread discusses many high ranking Soviet officers who died during the war; the highest ranking one I can see who died in action is Ivan Georgievich Zubkov, who was a 2-star officer whose plane was shot down. This looks like a better source even. Some ideas may be there. --Jayron32 13:13, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

• I have you all beat. Palpatine, as Emperor of the entire galaxy, was the highest ranking military leader ever to be killed in combat. :) A Quest For Knowledge (talk) 13:33, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

  He didn't die in combat. He was assassinated by his chief lieutenant, Anakin Skywalker d/b/a Darth Vader. --Jayron32 13:36, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

  Thrown down to the core of the second Death Star. An unusual twist on "friendly fire". ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 17:07, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

January 8

Canada's influence on Apartheid

A while ago, I met with an Indigenous (Ojibway) Elder. He was talking about Canada being the blueprint for Apartheid in South Africa. He cited the government forcing people onto specific lands (Reserves in Canada), forbidding these people to leave the area without permission and "numbering" them (what we call Status Indian). While there do appear to be these similarities, to what extent did Canada influence the development of Apartheid? 142.46.150.122 (talk) 18:02, 8 January 2020 (UTC)