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Floyd grew up in [[Houston]], Texas. He played [[American football|football]] and basketball throughout high school and college. A [[blue-collar worker]], he was also a [[hip hop]] artist and a mentor in his religious community. Between 1997 and 2005, he was convicted of eight crimes; in 2009, he accepted a [[plea bargain]] for a 2007 [[aggravated robbery]], serving four years in prison. According to investigators' probable cause statement, he held a gun to a woman's abdomen during the robbery.<ref name="snopes" />
Floyd grew up in [[Houston]], Texas. He played [[American football|football]] and basketball throughout high school and college. A [[blue-collar worker]], he was also a [[hip hop]] artist and a mentor in his religious community. Between 1997 and 2005, he was convicted of eight crimes; in 2009, he accepted a [[plea bargain]] for a 2007 [[aggravated robbery]], serving four years in prison. According to investigators' probable cause statement, he held a gun to a woman's abdomen during the robbery.<ref name="snopes" />


In 2014, he moved to the [[Minneapolis]] area, finding work as a truck driver and a [[Bouncer (doorman)|bouncer]]. In 2020, he lost his security job during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota|COVID-19 pandemic]]. He died while being arrested for allegedly using [[counterfeit money]] to buy cigarettes; [[Derek Chauvin]], a white police officer, knelt on his neck for almost nine minutes.
In 2014, he moved to the [[Minneapolis]] area, finding work as a truck driver and a [[Bouncer (doorman)|bouncer]]. In 2020, he lost his security job during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota|COVID-19 pandemic]]. He died while being arrested for allegedly using [[counterfeit money]] to buy cigarettes. Police officer [[Derek Chauvin]] had knelt on Floyd’s neck for almost nine minutes, leading to Floyd’s death by asphyxia.


== Early life and education==
== Early life and education==

Revision as of 04:33, 17 June 2020

This article is about the African American killed during a police arrest. For the professional athlete, see George Floyd (American football). For other uses, see George Floyd (disambiguation).

George Floyd
Floyd in 2016
Born
George Perry Floyd Jr.

(1973-10-14)October 14, 1973[1]
Fayetteville, North Carolina, U.S.
Died (aged 46)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Occupation(s)Truck driver, security guard
Children5

George Perry Floyd Jr. (October 14, 1973 – May 25, 2020) was an African American man killed by police during an arrest in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Protests in response to his death, and more broadly to police violence against black people, quickly spread across the United States and internationally.

Floyd grew up in Houston, Texas. He played football and basketball throughout high school and college. A blue-collar worker, he was also a hip hop artist and a mentor in his religious community. Between 1997 and 2005, he was convicted of eight crimes; in 2009, he accepted a plea bargain for a 2007 aggravated robbery, serving four years in prison. According to investigators' probable cause statement, he held a gun to a woman's abdomen during the robbery.[2]

In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis area, finding work as a truck driver and a bouncer. In 2020, he lost his security job during the COVID-19 pandemic. He died while being arrested for allegedly using counterfeit money to buy cigarettes. Police officer Derek Chauvin had knelt on Floyd’s neck for almost nine minutes, leading to Floyd’s death by asphyxia.

Early life and education

George Perry Floyd Jr. was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina to George Perry and Larcenia “Cissy” Jones Floyd, and raised in Cuney Homes in the Third Ward of Houston, Texas, a historic black neighborhood, and one of the poorest areas of the city known as Bricks.[3][4] He had six siblings.[5][6]

Floyd's parents broke up, and when he was two his mother moved with the children to the red-bricked Cuney Homes public housing.[7][8][9] The city's Third Ward had many families “scarred” by “poverty, drugs, gangs and violence.”[7] Floyd was called Perry as a child, but also Big Floyd: being over six foot tall in middle school, he saw sports as a vehicle for improving his life.[7]

At Yates High School, Floyd played on the basketball team as a power forward, and as tight end on the football team helping lead them to the Texas state championships in 1992; he graduated in 1993.[3][7][8] He had made the varsity football team as a ninth grader; in tenth grade he was also co-captain of the basketball team.[6]

The first of his siblings to go to college, Floyd attended South Florida Community College for two years on a football scholarship, and also played on the basketball team.[7][10][11] George Walker, his recruiter stated, “He was a starter and scored 12 to 14 points and seven to eight rebounds.”[7] Floyd transferred to Texas A&M University–Kingsville in 1995, where he also played basketball before dropping out.[12] Friends and family called him Perry, and characterized him as a "gentle giant."[13][14] He was 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm) tall and weighed 223 pounds (101 kg).[15]

Later life

Floyd returned to Houston from college in Kingsville, Texas in 1995 and became an automotive customizer and played club basketball.[12][16] Beginning in 1994, he had also performed as a rapper using the stage name "Big Floyd" in the hip hop group Screwed Up Click.[17][18][19][20] A New York Times writer described his deep-voiced rhymes as "purposeful," delivered in a slow-motion clip about “‘choppin’ blades’—driving cars with oversize rims—and his Third Ward pride”.[7]

Between 1997 and 2005, Floyd was arrested eight times for drug possession, theft and trespass for which he was successively jailed for about 6 months, 10 months and 10 days, 15 days, and 30 months.[21][7][6] Then, in 2009, he pleaded guilty to a 2007 aggravated robbery with a deadly weapon and was sentenced to five years in prison.[3][22][23] He was paroled in January 2013 after almost four years at the Diboll Unit.[12]

After Floyd's release, he became more involved with Resurrection Houston, a Christian church and ministry, where he mentored young men.[3][7][24] He helped his mother Cissy exercise and recuperate after she had a stroke. He delivered meals, and assisted on other projects with Angel By Nature Foundation, a charity founded by rapper Trae tha Truth.[25] Later he became involved with a ministry that brought men from the Third Ward to Minnesota in a church-work program with drug rehabilitation and job placement services.[7]

In 2014, Floyd moved to Minneapolis to find work.[26][27] He was a truck driver and a bouncer, and lived in St. Louis Park.[4][12][28] In 2017, he filmed an anti-gun violence video.[3][14] From 2017 to 2018, he was a security guard for The Salvation Army's Harbor Light Center.[29] In 2020, he lost his security job at a bar and restaurant hit by the COVID-19 pandemic rules.[30] That April, he contracted COVID-19, and recovered after a few weeks.[7][5]

Floyd had five children, including two daughters (ages 6 and 22) in Houston and an adult son in Bryan, Texas.[31][32][33] A former partner lives in Houston with his youngest daughter.[34] He also had two grandchildren.[5] A GoFundMe account to defray Floyd's funeral costs and benefit his family broke the site's record for number of individual donations.[35]

Death

Main article: Killing of George Floyd

On May 25, 2020, Floyd was arrested on a charge of passing a counterfeit $20 bill at a grocery store in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis. According to the store clerk, the bill was an obvious fake and Floyd had refused to return the purchased cigarettes when challenged.[36]

He died from asphyxiation as a result of police officer Derek Chauvin’s knee pressing onto Floyd's neck for nearly nine minutes during the arrest. Floyd was handcuffed face down in the street,[37][38][39] while two other officers further restrained Floyd and a fourth prevented onlookers from intervening.[40]: 6:24 [41][42] For the last three of those minutes Floyd was motionless and had no pulse,[37][39] but officers made no attempt to revive him.[43]: 6:46  Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck as arriving emergency medical technicians attempted to treat him.[43]: 7:21 

The official autopsy classified Floyd's death as a homicide attributed to cardiopulmonary arrest caused by subdual and restraint.[15][44][45] The toxicologist found several psychoactive substances or metabolites in his system, and the medical examiner noted fentanyl intoxication and recent methamphetamine use as significantly contributory to his death, though not the cause.[15][46] A second autopsy, commissioned by Floyd's family and performed by Michael Baden, without access to various tissue and fluid samples, found that the "evidence is consistent with mechanical asphyxia as the cause" of death, with neck compression restricting blood flow to the brain, and back compression restricting breathing.[36]

After Floyd's death, protests were held globally against the use of excessive force by police officers against black suspects and lack of police accountability. Protests began in Minneapolis the day after his death and developed in over 400 cities throughout all 50 U.S. states and internationally.[47][48]

Memorials and legacy

Floyd's casket in a horse-drawn carriage during his burial procession on June 9 in Pearland, Texas
Large area of sidewalk covered in flowers and other tributes beside a building with a mural painted on the wall
Tributes and mural outside Cup Foods, where Floyd died.
External videos
video icon George Floyd Memorial Service in Minneapolis, June 4, 2020, C-SPAN
video icon George Floyd Funeral Service in Houston, June 9, 2020, C-SPAN

Various memorial services were held across the world. On June 4, 2020, a memorial service for Floyd took place in Minneapolis with Al Sharpton delivering the eulogy.[13][49] Services were planned in North Carolina with a public viewing and private service on June 6 and in Houston on June 8 and 9.[50] Floyd was buried next to his mother in Pearland, Texas.[51][52][53]

Colleges and universities which have created scholarships in Floyd's name include North Central University (which hosted a memorial service for Floyd),[54][55] Alabama State, Oakwood University,[56][57] Missouri State University, Southeast Missouri State, Ohio University,[58][59][60] Buffalo State College, Copper Mountain College,[61][62] and others.[63]

Street artists globally created murals honoring Floyd. Depictions included Floyd as a ghost in Minneapolis, as an angel in Houston and as a saint weeping blood in Naples. A mural on the International Wall in Belfast commissioned by Festival of the People (Féile an Phobail) and Visit West Belfast (Fáilte Feirste Thiar) features a large portrait of Floyd above a tableau showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck while the three other officers turn their backs and each covers his eyes, ears, or mouth in the manner of the Three Wise Monkeys ("See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil").[64][65][66] By June 6, murals had been created in many cities, including Manchester, Dallas, Miami, Idlib, Los Angeles, Nairobi, Oakland, Strombeek-Bever, Berlin, Pensacola, and La Mesa.[67][68]

A bill proposed by US Representative Sheila Jackson Lee, the George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act, was designed to reduce police brutality and establish national policing standards and accreditations.[69][70]

The length of time that Chauvin had his knee on Floyd's neck, eight minutes forty-six seconds, was widely commemorated as a "moment of silence" to honor Floyd.[71][72]

The Economist, which made Floyd its June 13 cover story, said that "His legacy is the rich promise of social reform."[73]

References

  1. ^ "Mr. George Floyd Jr. - View Obituary & Service Information". Mr. George Floyd Jr. Obituary. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  2. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Investigating George Floyd's Criminal Record". Snopes.com. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e "An athlete, friend and father - who was George Floyd?". BBC News. May 31, 2020. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Richmond, Todd (May 28, 2020). "Who was George Floyd? Unemployed due to coronavirus, he'd moved to Minneapolis for a fresh start". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c Vagianos, Alanna (June 9, 2020). "'He's Gonna Change The World': George Floyd's Family Remembers The Man They Lost". HuffPost. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Jervis, Rick. "'George Floyd changed the world': Public viewing in Houston honors the man behind the social justice movement". USA TODAY. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fernandez, Manny; Burch, Audra D. S. (June 10, 2020). "George Floyd, From 'I Want to Touch the World' to 'I Can't Breathe'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Eric Levenson, Gregory Lemos and Amir Vera (June 9, 2020). "The Rev. Al Sharpton remembers George Floyd as an 'ordinary brother' who changed the world". CNN. Retrieved June 11, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Henao, Luis Andres; Merchant, Nomaan; Lozano, Juan; Geller, Adam (June 11, 2020). "A long look at the complicated life of George Floyd". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved June 12, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ Ebrahimji, Alisha (May 29, 2020). "This is how loved ones want us to remember George Floyd". CNN. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  11. ^ Holton, Jennifer (May 29, 2020). "'A good guy:' College classmate, coach remember George Floyd". WTVT. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d Hall, Michael (May 31, 2020). "The Houston Years of George Floyd". Texas Monthly. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  13. ^ a b Wallace, Danielle (June 4, 2020). "Hundreds, including Al Sharpton, Eric Garner's mom, mourn at George Floyd memorial in Minneapolis". Fox News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
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  15. ^ a b c "Hennepin County ME Autopsy Report" (PDF). Hennepin County. June 1, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
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  17. ^ Julian, Gill (May 27, 2020). "Before dying in Minneapolis police custody, George Floyd grew up in Houston's Third Ward". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  18. ^ Burney, Lawrence (May 29, 2020). "The Rap Report: To George Floyd a.k.a. Big Floyd of the legendary Screwed Up Click". FADER. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
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  20. ^ "George Floyd's rap collaborator remembers "legendary" freestyler". NME Music News. June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  22. ^ Toone, Stephanie (June 3, 2020). "George Floyd, man killed in Minneapolis police encounter, had started new life in Minnesota". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  23. ^ Walters, Joanna (May 29, 2020). "An athlete, a father, a 'beautiful spirit': George Floyd in his friends' words". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  24. ^ "George Floyd Left a Gospel Legacy in Houston". Christianity Today. June 5, 2020. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  25. ^ Kantor, Wendy Grossman (June 10, 2020). "Years Before George Floyd Cried Out for Late Mom in Final Moments, He Nursed Her After Stroke". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved June 11, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ Toone, Stephanie (May 29, 2020). "Floyd's brother tearfully asked for justice and peace following the 46-year-old bouncer's death Thursday". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020. George Floyd moved to Minneapolis a few years ago from his native Houston, Texas, seeking new opportunities, following some close friends who had done likewise, and found jobs in the Minnesota city.
  27. ^ Evelyn, Kenya (June 3, 2020). "'I miss him': George Floyd's daughter speaks out for first time". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020. She added Floyd was a good father who wanted his daughter 'to have the best'.
  28. ^ "George Floyd was killed on May 25". The Economist. June 4, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020. He liked being a bouncer. His regular stint was at the Conga Latin Bistro on East Hennepin, another Mexican-Latino joint with dining and dancing.
  29. ^ Raddatz, Kate (June 7, 2020). "Friends, Colleagues Remembering George Floyd's Work With Salvation Army". CBS Local. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
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  32. ^ Ellis, Nicquel Terry; Davis, Tyler J. (May 28, 2020). "George Floyd remembered as 'gentle giant' as family calls his death 'murder'". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  33. ^ "George Floyd's son joins Texas protesters in peaceful demonstration Archived June 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine," KTRK-TV, (a local ABC News affiliate), June 1, 2020.
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  35. ^ Parke, Caleb (June 5, 2020). "George Floyd GoFundMe surpasses $13 million, breaks donation record". Fox News. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  36. ^ a b Furber, Matt; Burch, Audra D. S.; Robles, Frances (May 29, 2020). "George Floyd Worked With Officer Charged in His Death". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  37. ^ a b Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin Archived May 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12646. May 29, 2020.
  38. ^ Brooks, Jennifer (May 28, 2020). "George Floyd and the city that killed him". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020. Down the road, people were marching and mourning Floyd, whose irreplaceable life ended after an arrest face-down on the asphalt of E. 38th Street.
  39. ^ a b Silverman, Hollie (May 29, 2020). "Floyd was "non-responsive" for nearly 3 minutes before officer took knee off his neck, complaint says". CNN. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020. Chauvin had his knee on Floyd's neck for 8 minutes and 46 seconds in total, and 2 minutes and 53 seconds after Floyd was unresponsive, the complaint said.
  40. ^ Bennett, Dalton; Lee, Joyce; Cahlan, Sarah (May 30, 2020). "The death of George Floyd: What video and other records show about his final minutes". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 1, 2020. (video @ YouTube Archived June 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine)
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  54. ^ Nietzel, Michael T. (June 4, 2020). "A University President Challenges Every College In America To Fund A George Floyd Memorial Scholarship". Forbes. Retrieved June 4, 2020. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |archive- url= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  55. ^ Torres, Ella (June 4, 2020). "George Floyd memorial updates: Floyd's brother says 'he touched so many people's hearts'". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  56. ^ "ASU Establishes George Floyd/Greg Gunn Memorial Scholarship | Alabama State University". www.alasu.edu. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  57. ^ "Answering the Challenge: Oakwood Establishes George Floyd Scholarship". Oakwood University News. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  58. ^ Ogle, Nikki. "Missouri State University planning scholarship named after George Floyd". www.ky3.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  59. ^ "President Nellis and Vice President Secuban announce George Floyd Memorial Scholarship Fund". www.ohio.edu. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  60. ^ "George Floyd Memorial Scholarship Established at Southeast". news.semo.edu. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  61. ^ "Scholarship created in George Floyd's name". wqad.com. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
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  63. ^ "12 other universities join North Central in creating a George Floyd Memorial Scholarship". FOX 9. June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  64. ^ "'Black Lives Matter' mural solidarity with family of George Floyd" – via www.facebook.com.
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  67. ^ Steele, Austin; Almond, Kyle (June 6, 2020). "George Floyd murals are popping up all over the world". CNN. Retrieved June 6, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  68. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  69. ^ Siegel, Benjamin (June 4, 2020). "House Democrats introduce policing reform bill named for George Floyd". ABC News. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  70. ^ Kim, Caitlyn (June 4, 2020). "Congress Is Eyeing Legislative Solutions To Police Brutality, Including Jason Crow". Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  71. ^ "Democrats unveil sweeping police reform bill, honor George Floyd with 8 minutes, 46 seconds of silence". USA Today. June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  72. ^ DeCambre, Mark (June 9, 2020). "New York Stock Exchange observe 8 minutes and 46 seconds of silence in honor of George Floyd's memory". Market Watch. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  73. ^ "The power of protest and the legacy of George Floyd". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
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