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{{short description|American alleged alien abduction}}
{{short description|American alleged alien abduction}}
[[File:Travis Walton 2019.jpg|alt=Travis Walton at The 2019 International UFO Congress in Phoenix, Arizona. |thumb|Travis Walton at The 2019 International UFO Congress in Phoenix, Arizona]]
[[File:Travis Walton 2019.jpg|alt=Travis Walton at The 2019 International UFO Congress in Phoenix, Arizona. |thumb|Travis Walton at The 2019 International UFO Congress in Phoenix, Arizona]]
The '''Travis Walton UFO incident''' was an alleged [[alien abduction]] of [[United States|American]] forestry worker Travis Walton by a [[unidentified flying object|UFO]] on November 5, 1975, while he was working in the [[Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests]] near [[Snowflake, Arizona|Snowflake]], [[Arizona]]. Walton reappeared after a five-day search. The Walton case received mainstream publicity and remains one of the best-known [[alien abduction]] stories. [[scientific skeptic|Skeptics]] consider it a [[hoax]].<ref name="AP">{{cite web|title=Sheriff Skeptical of Story: Saucer Traveler Hiding After Returning To Earth|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19751113&id=1RJZAAAAIBAJ&pg=2223,2068472&hl=en|website=The Victoria Advocate|publisher=[[Associated Press]], Nov 13, 1975|accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Kurtz2013">{{cite book|author=Paul Kurtz|title=The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQh6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT441|date=10 September 2013|publisher=[[Prometheus Books]]|isbn=978-1-61614-828-7|pages=441–}}</ref><ref name="Clancy2009">{{cite book|author=Susan A. Clancy|title=Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8fqoTvsvUEC&pg=PA99|date=1 July 2009|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=978-0-674-02957-6|pages=99–}}</ref><ref name="Information1988">{{cite book|author=Dennis Stacey|title=A peculiar American phenomenon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCQ49kJG8hgC&pg=PA70|date=10 March 1988|publisher=[[New Scientist]]|pages=70}}</ref><ref name="Information1983">{{cite book|author=Ian Ridpath|title=When is a UFO not a UFO?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCK75XBrzKgC&pg=PA945|date=29 September 1983|publisher=[[New Scientist]]|pages=945–}}</ref>
The '''Travis Walton UFO incident''' is an alleged [[alien abduction]] of [[United States|American]] forestry worker Travis Walton by a [[unidentified flying object|UFO]] on November 5, 1975, while he was working in the [[Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests]] near [[Snowflake, Arizona|Snowflake]], [[Arizona]]. For five days, scent dogs and helicopters could not find Travis. Walton suddenly reappeared along a road in [[Heber-Overgaard, Arizona|Heber, Arizona]] on November 11, 1975. The Walton case received mainstream publicity and remains one of the best-known [[alien abduction]] stories in the world. Travis Walton published a book about his purported alien abduction in 1978 called ''The Walton Experience'', which was adapted into the 1993 [[Paramount Pictures]] film titled ''[[Fire in the Sky]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/travis-walton-still-haunted-by-ufo_n_7119910|title=UFO-Alien Abduction Still Haunts Travis Walton |first=Lee |last=Speigel |work=Huffpost|date=23 April 2015|accessdate=22 June 2020}}</ref>
Walton wrote a book about his purported abduction in 1978 called ''The Walton Experience'', which was adapted into the 1993 film ''[[Fire in the Sky]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/travis-walton-still-haunted-by-ufo_n_7119910|title=UFO-Alien Abduction Still Haunts Travis Walton |first=Lee |last=Speigel |work=Huffpost|date=23 April 2015|accessdate=22 June 2020}}</ref>


== Abduction claims ==
== Abduction claims ==
According to Walton, on November 5, 1975 he was working with a timber stand improvement crew in the [[Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest]] near [[Snowflake, Arizona|Snowflake]], [[Arizona]]. While riding in a truck with six of his coworkers, they encountered a [[Flying saucer|saucer-shaped object]] hovering over the ground approximately 110 feet away, making a high-pitched buzz. Walton claims that after he left the truck and approached the object, a [[Light beam|beam of light]] suddenly appeared from the craft and knocked him unconscious. The other six men were frightened and supposedly drove away. Walton claimed that he awoke in a hospital-like room, being observed by three [[Extraterrestrial life|short, bald creatures]]. He claimed that he fought with them until a human wearing a helmet led Walton to another room, where he blacked out as three other humans put a clear plastic mask over his face. Walton has claimed he remembers nothing else until he found himself walking along a highway five days later, with the [[flying saucer]] departing above him.<ref name="Kurtz2013"/>
According to Travis Walton and six witnesses, on November 5, 1975 he was working with a timber stand improvement crew in the [[Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest]] near [[Snowflake, Arizona|Snowflake]], [[Arizona]]. While riding in a truck with six of his coworkers, they encountered a [[Flying saucer|saucer-shaped object]] glowing through the trees and hovering above the ground in close proximity. Walton left the truck and approached the object for a closer look. The six witnesses claim to have seen a blue [[Light beam|beam of light]] suddenly appear from beneath the craft to strike Walton and knock him unconscious. All six witnesses remained in the truck and drove away frightened. After a few minutes, Travis' co-workers returned to the site hoping to find Walton. They could not find him. Travis claims that he awoke in a hospital-like room, being observed by three [[Extraterrestrial life|short, bald creatures]] with large eyes. He describes to have fought with them until a human-like entity wearing a helmet led him to another room, where he blacked out as three other human-like beings put a clear plastic mask over his face. Walton has said he remembers nothing else from his time in the craft. Five days later, he found himself laying face down along a highway as he watched the [[flying saucer]] departing above him.<ref name="Kurtz2013">{{cite book|author=Paul Kurtz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQh6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT441|title=The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal|date=10 September 2013|publisher=[[Prometheus Books]]|isbn=978-1-61614-828-7|pages=441–}}</ref>


== Ufologists ==
== Ufologists ==
In the days following Walton's [[UFO]] claim, ''[[The National Enquirer]]'' awarded Walton and his co-workers a $5,000 prize for "best UFO case of the year" after they allegedly passed [[polygraph test]]s administered by the ''Enquirer'' and the [[Aerial Phenomena Research Organization]] (APRO).<ref name="Kurtz2013" /><ref name="Shermer" /> Walton, his older brother, and his mother were described by the [[Navajo County, Arizona]] sheriff as "longtime students of UFOs".<ref name="AP" /> Some [[ufology|UFOlogists]] believe Walton was abducted by [[Extraterrestrial life|aliens]]. UFOlogist Jim Ledwith said, “For five days, the authorities thought he’d been murdered by his co-workers, and then he was returned. All of the co-workers who were there, who saw the spacecraft, they all took polygraph tests, and they all passed, except for one, and that one was inconclusive.”<ref name="Templeton">{{cite web|last1=Templeton|first1=David|title=Sonoma UFO forum is out of this world|url=http://www.sonomanews.com/home/5422957-181/sonoma-ufo-forum-is-out?artslide=0|website=sonomanews.com|publisher=Sonoma Index-Tribune|accessdate=27 April 2016}}</ref>
In the days following Walton's [[UFO]] claim, ''[[The National Enquirer]]'' awarded Walton and his co-workers a $5,000 prize for "best UFO case of the year" after they allegedly passed [[polygraph test]]s administered by the ''Enquirer'' and the [[Aerial Phenomena Research Organization]] (APRO).<ref name="Kurtz2013" /><ref name="Shermer" /> Walton, his older brother, and his mother were described by the [[Navajo County, Arizona]] sheriff as "longtime students of UFOs".<ref name="AP">{{cite web|title=Sheriff Skeptical of Story: Saucer Traveler Hiding After Returning To Earth|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19751113&id=1RJZAAAAIBAJ&pg=2223,2068472&hl=en|accessdate=26 April 2016|website=The Victoria Advocate|publisher=[[Associated Press]], Nov 13, 1975}}</ref> Some [[ufology|UFOlogists]] believe Walton was abducted by [[Extraterrestrial life|aliens]]. UFOlogist Jim Ledwith said, “For five days, the authorities thought he’d been murdered by his co-workers, and then he was returned. All of the co-workers who were there, who saw the spacecraft, they all took polygraph tests, and they all passed, except for one, and that one was inconclusive.”<ref name="Templeton">{{cite web|last1=Templeton|first1=David|title=Sonoma UFO forum is out of this world|url=http://www.sonomanews.com/home/5422957-181/sonoma-ufo-forum-is-out?artslide=0|website=sonomanews.com|publisher=Sonoma Index-Tribune|accessdate=27 April 2016}}</ref>


== Skeptical reception ==
== Skeptical reception ==
[[Scientific skeptic|Skeptic]]s consider the case to be a [[hoax]], describing it as "sensationalizing on the part of the media" and "a put-up job to make money". UFO researcher [[Philip J. Klass]] considered Walton's story to be a hoax perpetrated for financial gain and discovered many "discrepancies" in the accounts of Walton and his co-workers. After investigating the case, Klass reported that the polygraph tests were "poorly administered", that Walton used "polygraph countermeasures," such as holding his breath, and that Klass uncovered an earlier failed test administered by an examiner who concluded the case involved "gross deception".<ref>[[Robert Sheaffer|Sheaffer, Robert]]. (1981). ''The UFO Verdict: Examining the Evidence''. Prometheus Books. p. 20. {{ISBN|978-0879751463}} "APRO and ''The National Enquirer'' had arranged an earlier secret polygraph test for Travis with John J. McCarthy, the most experienced polygraph examiner in the state of Arizona. McCarthy found Travis to be attempting "gross deception," and pronounced the abduction story a hoax."</ref><ref>[[Robert A. Baker|Baker, Robert Allen]]. (1992). ''Hidden Memories: Voices and Visions from Within''. Prometheus Books. p. 319. {{ISBN|978-1-57392-094-0}} "With regard to the Travis Walton affair, this was one of the more tawdry examples of "true-believer" chicanery, sensationalizing on the part of the media, and greedy men who tried to pull off a hoax that failed."</ref><ref>Hutchinson, Mike; [[Simon Hoggart|Hoggart, Simon]]. (2000). ''Bizarre Beliefs''. Richard Cohen Books. p. 39. {{ISBN|978-1860660214}} "To put it bluntly, there is nothing in the Travis Walton story to suggest anything more than a hoax."</ref><ref name="Kurtz2013" /><ref>[[Joe Nickell|Nickell, Joe]]. (1992). ''Missing Pieces: How to Investigate Ghosts, UFOs, Psychics, & Other Mysteries''. Prometheus Books. p. 202. {{ISBN|0-87975-729-9}} "A more rigorous investigation by Philip J. Klass (1989) discovered that the case was a hoax, that the lie detector test was flawed, and the abduction a "put- up job" to make money."</ref>
UFO researcher [[Philip J. Klass]] considered Walton's story to be a hoax perpetrated for financial gain. After investigating the case, Klass surmised that the polygraph tests were "poorly administered", that Walton used "polygraph countermeasures," such as holding his breath, and that Klass uncovered an earlier failed test administered by an examiner who concluded the case involved "gross deception".<ref>[[Robert Sheaffer|Sheaffer, Robert]]. (1981). ''The UFO Verdict: Examining the Evidence''. Prometheus Books. p. 20. {{ISBN|978-0879751463}} "APRO and ''The National Enquirer'' had arranged an earlier secret polygraph test for Travis with John J. McCarthy, the most experienced polygraph examiner in the state of Arizona. McCarthy found Travis to be attempting "gross deception," and pronounced the abduction story a hoax."</ref><ref>[[Robert A. Baker|Baker, Robert Allen]]. (1992). ''Hidden Memories: Voices and Visions from Within''. Prometheus Books. p. 319. {{ISBN|978-1-57392-094-0}} "With regard to the Travis Walton affair, this was one of the more tawdry examples of "true-believer" chicanery, sensationalizing on the part of the media, and greedy men who tried to pull off a hoax that failed."</ref><ref>Hutchinson, Mike; [[Simon Hoggart|Hoggart, Simon]]. (2000). ''Bizarre Beliefs''. Richard Cohen Books. p. 39. {{ISBN|978-1860660214}} "To put it bluntly, there is nothing in the Travis Walton story to suggest anything more than a hoax."</ref><ref name="Kurtz2013" /><ref>[[Joe Nickell|Nickell, Joe]]. (1992). ''Missing Pieces: How to Investigate Ghosts, UFOs, Psychics, & Other Mysteries''. Prometheus Books. p. 202. {{ISBN|0-87975-729-9}} "A more rigorous investigation by Philip J. Klass (1989) discovered that the case was a hoax, that the lie detector test was flawed, and the abduction a "put- up job" to make money."</ref>


Science and skepticism writer [[Michael Shermer]] criticized Walton's claims, saying, "I think the polygraph is not a reliable determiner of truth. I think Travis Walton was not abducted by aliens. In both cases, the power of deception and self-deception is all we need to understand what really happened in 1975 and after."<ref name="Shermer">{{cite web|last1=Shermer|first1=Michael|title=Travis Walton's Alien Abduction|url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/12-08-15/|website=eSkeptic|publisher=[[The Skeptics Society]]|accessdate=27 April 2016}}</ref> [[cognitive psychology|Cognitive psychologist]] [[Susan Clancy]] argues that [[alien abduction]] reports began only after stories of extraterrestrials appeared in films and on TV, and that Walton was likely influenced by the [[NBC]] television movie ''[[The UFO Incident]],'' which aired two weeks before his own claimed abduction and dramatized the alien abduction claims of [[Barney and Betty Hill]]. Clancy noted the rise in alien abduction claims following the movie and cites Klass's conclusions that "after viewing this movie, any person with a little imagination could now become an instant celebrity", concluding that "one of those instant celebrities was Travis Walton."<ref name="Clancy2009"/>
Science and skepticism writer [[Michael Shermer]] criticized Walton's claims, saying, "I think the polygraph is not a reliable determiner of truth. I think Travis Walton was not abducted by aliens. In both cases, the power of deception and self-deception is all we need to understand what really happened in 1975 and after."<ref name="Shermer">{{cite web|last1=Shermer|first1=Michael|title=Travis Walton's Alien Abduction|url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/12-08-15/|website=eSkeptic|publisher=[[The Skeptics Society]]|accessdate=27 April 2016}}</ref> [[cognitive psychology|Cognitive psychologist]] [[Susan Clancy]] argues that [[alien abduction]] reports began only after stories of extraterrestrials appeared in films and on TV, and that Walton was likely influenced by the [[NBC]] television movie ''[[The UFO Incident]],'' which aired two weeks before his own claimed abduction and dramatized the alien abduction claims of [[Barney and Betty Hill]]. Clancy noted the rise in alien abduction claims following the movie and cites Klass's conclusions that "after viewing this movie, any person with a little imagination could now become an instant celebrity", concluding that "one of those instant celebrities was Travis Walton."<ref name="Clancy2009">{{cite book|author=Susan A. Clancy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U8fqoTvsvUEC&pg=PA99|title=Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens|date=1 July 2009|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|isbn=978-0-674-02957-6|pages=99–}}</ref>


== Media and publicity ==
== Media and publicity ==
In 1978, Walton wrote the book ''The Walton Experience'' detailing his claims, which became the basis for the 1993 film ''[[Fire in the Sky]]''. [[Paramount Pictures]] decided Walton’s account was "too fuzzy and too similar to other televised close encounters", so they ordered screenwriter [[Tracy Tormé]] to write a "flashier, more provocative" abduction story.<ref name="EW">{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Ryan|title=Reworking 'Fire in the Sky' – Paramount Pictures hires writer Tracy Tormé to add excitement to Travis Walton's alien account|url=http://www.ew.com/article/1993/03/19/reworking-fire-sky|website=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=27 April 2016}}</ref> Walton has occasionally appeared at [[UFO convention]]s or on television. He sponsors his own UFO conference in Arizona called the "Skyfire Summit".<ref name="Templeton"/>
In 1978, Walton wrote the book ''The Walton Experience'' detailing his claims, which became the basis for the 1993 film ''[[Fire in the Sky]]''. [[Paramount Pictures]] decided Walton’s account was "too fuzzy and too similar to other televised close encounters", so they ordered screenwriter [[Tracy Tormé]] to write a "flashier, more provocative" abduction story.<ref name="EW">{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Ryan|title=Reworking 'Fire in the Sky' – Paramount Pictures hires writer Tracy Tormé to add excitement to Travis Walton's alien account|url=http://www.ew.com/article/1993/03/19/reworking-fire-sky|website=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=27 April 2016}}</ref> Walton has occasionally appeared at [[UFO convention]]s and on television.


Thirty years after the book's release, Walton appeared on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] game show ''[[The Moment of Truth (American game show)|The Moment of Truth]]'' and was asked if he in fact was abducted by a UFO on November 5, 1975, to which he replied, "Yes". The polygraph test determined he was lying.<ref>{{cite newspaper|author=Sheaffer, Robert|title=UFO Conspiracies at the UFO Congress|newspaper=[[Skeptical Inquirer]]|volume=39|number=4|page=20}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|series=[[The Moment of Truth (American game show)|The Moment of Truth]]|season=2|number=10 (Part 3)|title=(Untitled)|network=[[Fox Broadcasting Company]]|airdate=2015-10-16|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWP41Ld6tm0}}</ref>
Thirty years after the book's release, Walton appeared on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] game show ''[[The Moment of Truth (American game show)|The Moment of Truth]]'' and was asked if he in fact was abducted by a UFO on November 5, 1975, to which he replied, "Yes". The polygraph test determined he was lying.<ref>{{cite newspaper|author=Sheaffer, Robert|title=UFO Conspiracies at the UFO Congress|newspaper=[[Skeptical Inquirer]]|volume=39|number=4|page=20}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|series=[[The Moment of Truth (American game show)|The Moment of Truth]]|season=2|number=10 (Part 3)|title=(Untitled)|network=[[Fox Broadcasting Company]]|airdate=2015-10-16|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWP41Ld6tm0}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Alien abduction|Alien Abduction]]
⚫
* [[List of UFO sightings]]
*[[Extraterrestrial life|Extraterrestrial Life]]
⚫
*[[List of UFO sightings]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 27: Line 28:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.travis-walton.com/|Travis Walton's official website}}
* {{Official website|http://www.travis-walton.com/|Travis Walton's Official Website}}
* {{Skeptoid|id=4094|number=94|date=1 April 2008|title=Fire in the Sky: A Real UFO Abduction?|accessdate=22 June 2017}}
* {{Skeptoid|id=4094|number=94|date=1 April 2008|title=Fire in the Sky: A Real UFO Abduction?|accessdate=22 June 2017}}
* Shaeffer, Robert (6 January 1979) [http://www.debunker.com/texts/walton.html "The Selling of the Travis Walton 'UFO Abduction' Story"]. ''[[The Age]]''
* Shaeffer, Robert (6 January 1979) [http://www.debunker.com/texts/walton.html "The Selling of the Travis Walton 'UFO Abduction' Story"]. ''[[The Age]]''

Revision as of 07:05, 26 October 2020

Travis Walton at The 2019 International UFO Congress in Phoenix, Arizona.
Travis Walton at The 2019 International UFO Congress in Phoenix, Arizona

The Travis Walton UFO incident is an alleged alien abduction of American forestry worker Travis Walton by a UFO on November 5, 1975, while he was working in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests near Snowflake, Arizona. For five days, scent dogs and helicopters could not find Travis. Walton suddenly reappeared along a road in Heber, Arizona on November 11, 1975. The Walton case received mainstream publicity and remains one of the best-known alien abduction stories in the world. Travis Walton published a book about his purported alien abduction in 1978 called The Walton Experience, which was adapted into the 1993 Paramount Pictures film titled Fire in the Sky.[1]

Abduction claims

According to Travis Walton and six witnesses, on November 5, 1975 he was working with a timber stand improvement crew in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest near Snowflake, Arizona. While riding in a truck with six of his coworkers, they encountered a saucer-shaped object glowing through the trees and hovering above the ground in close proximity. Walton left the truck and approached the object for a closer look. The six witnesses claim to have seen a blue beam of light suddenly appear from beneath the craft to strike Walton and knock him unconscious. All six witnesses remained in the truck and drove away frightened. After a few minutes, Travis' co-workers returned to the site hoping to find Walton. They could not find him. Travis claims that he awoke in a hospital-like room, being observed by three short, bald creatures with large eyes. He describes to have fought with them until a human-like entity wearing a helmet led him to another room, where he blacked out as three other human-like beings put a clear plastic mask over his face. Walton has said he remembers nothing else from his time in the craft. Five days later, he found himself laying face down along a highway as he watched the flying saucer departing above him.[2]

Ufologists

In the days following Walton's UFO claim, The National Enquirer awarded Walton and his co-workers a $5,000 prize for "best UFO case of the year" after they allegedly passed polygraph tests administered by the Enquirer and the Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (APRO).[2][3] Walton, his older brother, and his mother were described by the Navajo County, Arizona sheriff as "longtime students of UFOs".[4] Some UFOlogists believe Walton was abducted by aliens. UFOlogist Jim Ledwith said, “For five days, the authorities thought he’d been murdered by his co-workers, and then he was returned. All of the co-workers who were there, who saw the spacecraft, they all took polygraph tests, and they all passed, except for one, and that one was inconclusive.”[5]

Skeptical reception

UFO researcher Philip J. Klass considered Walton's story to be a hoax perpetrated for financial gain. After investigating the case, Klass surmised that the polygraph tests were "poorly administered", that Walton used "polygraph countermeasures," such as holding his breath, and that Klass uncovered an earlier failed test administered by an examiner who concluded the case involved "gross deception".[6][7][8][2][9]

Science and skepticism writer Michael Shermer criticized Walton's claims, saying, "I think the polygraph is not a reliable determiner of truth. I think Travis Walton was not abducted by aliens. In both cases, the power of deception and self-deception is all we need to understand what really happened in 1975 and after."[3] Cognitive psychologist Susan Clancy argues that alien abduction reports began only after stories of extraterrestrials appeared in films and on TV, and that Walton was likely influenced by the NBC television movie The UFO Incident, which aired two weeks before his own claimed abduction and dramatized the alien abduction claims of Barney and Betty Hill. Clancy noted the rise in alien abduction claims following the movie and cites Klass's conclusions that "after viewing this movie, any person with a little imagination could now become an instant celebrity", concluding that "one of those instant celebrities was Travis Walton."[10]

Media and publicity

In 1978, Walton wrote the book The Walton Experience detailing his claims, which became the basis for the 1993 film Fire in the Sky. Paramount Pictures decided Walton’s account was "too fuzzy and too similar to other televised close encounters", so they ordered screenwriter Tracy Tormé to write a "flashier, more provocative" abduction story.[11] Walton has occasionally appeared at UFO conventions and on television.

Thirty years after the book's release, Walton appeared on the Fox game show The Moment of Truth and was asked if he in fact was abducted by a UFO on November 5, 1975, to which he replied, "Yes". The polygraph test determined he was lying.[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Speigel, Lee (23 April 2015). "UFO-Alien Abduction Still Haunts Travis Walton". Huffpost. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Paul Kurtz (10 September 2013). The Transcendental Temptation: A Critique of Religion and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. pp. 441–. ISBN 978-1-61614-828-7.
  3. ^ a b Shermer, Michael. "Travis Walton's Alien Abduction". eSkeptic. The Skeptics Society. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  4. ^ "Sheriff Skeptical of Story: Saucer Traveler Hiding After Returning To Earth". The Victoria Advocate. Associated Press, Nov 13, 1975. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  5. ^ Templeton, David. "Sonoma UFO forum is out of this world". sonomanews.com. Sonoma Index-Tribune. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  6. ^ Sheaffer, Robert. (1981). The UFO Verdict: Examining the Evidence. Prometheus Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0879751463 "APRO and The National Enquirer had arranged an earlier secret polygraph test for Travis with John J. McCarthy, the most experienced polygraph examiner in the state of Arizona. McCarthy found Travis to be attempting "gross deception," and pronounced the abduction story a hoax."
  7. ^ Baker, Robert Allen. (1992). Hidden Memories: Voices and Visions from Within. Prometheus Books. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-57392-094-0 "With regard to the Travis Walton affair, this was one of the more tawdry examples of "true-believer" chicanery, sensationalizing on the part of the media, and greedy men who tried to pull off a hoax that failed."
  8. ^ Hutchinson, Mike; Hoggart, Simon. (2000). Bizarre Beliefs. Richard Cohen Books. p. 39. ISBN 978-1860660214 "To put it bluntly, there is nothing in the Travis Walton story to suggest anything more than a hoax."
  9. ^ Nickell, Joe. (1992). Missing Pieces: How to Investigate Ghosts, UFOs, Psychics, & Other Mysteries. Prometheus Books. p. 202. ISBN 0-87975-729-9 "A more rigorous investigation by Philip J. Klass (1989) discovered that the case was a hoax, that the lie detector test was flawed, and the abduction a "put- up job" to make money."
  10. ^ Susan A. Clancy (1 July 2009). Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens. Harvard University Press. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-0-674-02957-6.
  11. ^ Murphy, Ryan. "Reworking 'Fire in the Sky' – Paramount Pictures hires writer Tracy Tormé to add excitement to Travis Walton's alien account". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  12. ^ Sheaffer, Robert. "UFO Conspiracies at the UFO Congress". Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 39, no. 4. p. 20.
  13. ^ "(Untitled)". The Moment of Truth. Season 2. Episode 10 (Part 3). 2015-10-16. Fox Broadcasting Company.
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