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Nasheed

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For the former President of the Maldives, see Mohamed Nasheed.

A nasheed (Arabic: نَشِيدْ, romanized: nashīd, lit. 'chant', plural Arabic: أَنَاشِيدْ, romanized: anāshīd) is a work of vocal music, partially coincident with hymns, that is either sung a cappella or with instruments, according to a particular style or tradition within Sunni Islam.

Nasheeds are popular throughout the Islamic world. The material and lyrics of a nasheed usually make reference to Islamic beliefs, history, and religion, as well as current events.[1]

A nasheed singer is usually called an Munshid (arabic: مُنْشِد fem. مُنْشِدَة romanized: munshida pl. مُنْشِدِين romanized: munshidīn)

Scholars on instruments

Further information: Islamic music § Differences of opinion over prohibition

The founders of all four of the major madhabs – Islamic schools of thought – as well as many other prominent scholars, have debated the legitimacy and use of musical instruments. For instance, according to the Hanafi school of thought, associated with the scholar Abu Hanifa, if a person is known to play musical instruments to divert people from God, their testimony is not to be accepted.

According to the widely acknowledged book of authentic hadiths Sahih al-Bukhari of Sunni scholarship, Muhammad taught that musical instruments are sinful:

Abu 'Amir or Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari [a companion of Muhammad] said that he heard Muhammad saying: "From among my followers there will be some people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks and the use of musical instruments, as lawful. And there will be some people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in the evening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and ask them for something, but they will say to him, 'Return to us tomorrow.' Allah will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fall on them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys and pigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection."[2]

There is also evidence for music being permitted in the same book. Aisha said:

Abu Bakr came to my house while two small Ansari girls were singing beside me the stories of the Ansar concerning the Day of Buath. And they were not singers. Abu Bakr said protestingly, "Musical instruments of Satan in the house of Allah's Messenger!" It happened on the `Id day and Allah's Messenger said, "O Abu Bakr! There is an `Id for every nation and this is our `Id."[3]

A few historical Islamic scholars such as Imam Al-Ghazali have also said that musical instruments may be used as long as the songs are not promoting that which is Haraam.[4]

Modern interpretations

A new generation of nasheed artists use a wide variety of musical instruments in their art. Many new nasheed artists are non-Arabs and sing in different languages. Some nasheed bands are Native Deen, Outlandish, and Raihan. Other well-known artists are Ahmed Bukhatir, Yusuf Islam (formerly known as Cat Stevens), Sami Yusuf, Junaid Jamshed, Maher Zain, Harris J, Siedd, Sulthan Ahmed, Humood AlKhudher, Hamza Namira, Atif Aslam, Raef, Mesut Kurtis, S'nada, Dawud Wharnsby, Zain Bhikha, Muhammad Al-Muqit, Mishary Rashid Al-Afasy, Abu Ali (Musa al-Umaira), Abu Abd ul-Malik (Mohsin al-Dosari) and Abu Assim.

Nasheed artists appeal to a worldwide Muslim audience and may perform at Islamic oriented festivals (such as Mawlid), conferences, concerts and shows, including ISNA.[5] Other artists and organisations such as Nasheed Bay promote an instrument-free stance, differing from the current trends of the increasing usage of instruments in nasheed.

Many Shia groups such as Hezbollah don't follow the ruling of musical instruments in Islam. Their nasheeds are filled with drums and extreme autotune.[6] In Alawite nasheeds, the singer mostly shouts and praises Ali.

Propaganda

Nasheeds are also used to spread propaganda and also encourage the west, or the Muslims to commit gruesome attacks, or refuting, on mainly other terrorist groups, Israel or America. A notable example is from a Taliban nasheed called This Is the Home of the Brave, which encourages people to slaughter the Russians.

The Islamic State (ISIS) is known for the use of nasheeds in their videos and propaganda, notable examples being the chant Dawlat al-Islam Qamat ("The Islamic State Has Been Established"), which came to be viewed as an unofficial anthem of ISIS,[7] and Salil al-sawarim ("Clashing of Swords").[8]

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula has also made nasheeds, one of which was named "O State Of The Foolish" (Arabic: يا دولة السفهاء, romanized: Yā dawlat ul-sufuhāe). Released by Al-Bashair audio, this nasheed refutes ISIS, calling it an "nation of fools" and that they made the dreams of America come true. This nasheed basically encourages the people of ISIS to leave their false ideologies and join AQAP. Three munshids made this nasheed, Musab Al-Adani, Abu Yousef Al-Waqari and Ibrahim Al-Sanaani, all of which was members of AQAP.

Boko Haram also releases nasheeds, some from the Ad-Dhikra Foundation.

List of some well-known nasheeds

  • Dawlat al-Islam Qamat (Arabic: دَوْلَة اُلْإِسْلَامِ قَامَتْ, lit. 'The Islamic State Has Been Established'), also known as Ummati Qad Laha Fajrun (Arabic: أُمَّتِي قَدْ لَاحَ فَجْرٌ, lit. 'My Ummah, Dawn Has Appeared'), recited by Abu Yasser for the Ajnad Foundation in the year 2013. It became an unofficial anthem of the Islamic State.
  • Mawkib Al-Noor (Arabic: موكب النور, English: The Convoy of Light/The Parade of Light Called Us), recited by Abu Usamah At-Tunisi, released by the Ajnad Foundation (ISIS).
  • Salil al-Sawarim (Arabic: صليل الصوارم, English: Clashing of Swords), recited by Abu Yasser for the Ajnad Foundation (ISIS) in the year 2014.
  • This Is the Home of the Brave (Dā də bātorāno kor), a Pashto-language nasheed by the Taliban, produced in 1996.
  • Revolution from Tora Bora, recited by Abu Yasser for Al-Qaeda, produced in the early 2010s.
    • A nasheed video, before any translation, played the nasheed and showed different videos and images mostly of Islamic State of Iraq soldiers and Osama. In the part of the video where the translation reads "We are the Knights of the Pure Aqeedah, ready to sacrifice for the purity of Iraq" it shows a picture of terrorists in front of The Islamic State flag. Before the nasheed plays, it shows a video of Osama bin Laden talking about what seems to be in regards to Palestine, America, and Muhammad The nasheed praises Osama bin Laden at the end.

See also

References

  1. ^ Raudvere, Catharina; Stenberg, Leif (15 January 2009). Sufism Today: Heritage and Tradition in the Global Community. I. B. Tauris. p. 76. ISBN 9781845117627. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  2. ^ Shahih al-Bukhari Volume 7, Book 69, Number 494v: English translation of this hadith at https://sunnah.com/bukhari/74/16.
  3. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 952 (Book 13, Hadith 4); English translation at https://sunnah.com/bukhari:952.
  4. ^ "What is the ruling concerning Music?". Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  5. ^ "Islamic Music For the New Generation". Ahmed Bukhatir.com. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Young Muslim singers are doing just that with Islamic songs called "Nasheeds"
  6. ^ Marshall, Alex (2014-11-09). "How Isis got its anthem". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-12-14.
  7. ^ Marshall, Alex (9 November 2014). "How Isis got its anthem". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  8. ^ Schatz, Bryan. "Inside the world of jihadi propaganda music". Mother Jones. Retrieved 2020-09-08.

Further reading

  • Thibon, Jean-Jacques, Inshad, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp. 294–298. ISBN 1610691776
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