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R.E.M.

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R.E.M. is a rock band formed in Athens, Georgia in early 1980 by drummer Bill Berry, guitarist Peter Buck, bassist Mike Mills, and vocalist Michael Stipe. Throughout the 1980s, while signed to the independent label I.R.S. Records, they achieved a growing cult status due mainly to Stipe's obscure lyrics and the band's sound, most noticeably influenced by the jangly, arpeggio-driven melodies of The Byrds. The band's politics, aesthetics, and hardworking ethos - largely inspired by the early punk and art rock of the 1970s - enabled the group to establish itself quickly as one of the pillars of the U.S.'s burgeoning alternative rock scene. By the early 1990s, R.E.M. were one of the world's most popular, respected, and influential bands.

History

The I.R.S. Years (1982-1987)

Their debut EP, Chronic Town (1982), illustrated R.E.M.'s signature musical style: jangling guitars, chords played in arpeggio, murmured vocals, and lyrics that avoid the standard topics of popular music - love and relationships. The sound of the initial albums was also shaped by producing duo Don Dixon and Mitch Easter. Their debut album, Murmur (1983), is held to be one of the best records of the 1980s (#197 on Rolling Stone Magazine's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time). The album is stylistically unified; the songs blend together and share largely oblique lyrics. The jangling guitars, so prominent on Chronic Town, are used more sparingly. Mills' bass guitar carries much of the melody, and Stipe's lyrics are practically indecipherable, used to create a mood instead of a narrative. The dark mood is broken by three brighter, more hopeful songs, "Sitting Still", "Shaking Through", and the child's anthem "We Walk", marked by the return of Buck's chiming arpeggios.

R.E.M.'s second album, Reckoning (1984), explored a variety of musical styles. Song topics include cold weather, a fairy tale of brothers with magical powers, a flood, and separation. The jangling guitars and rich vocal melodies obscure rather dark lyrics. The final song, "Little America," is written about driving through rural America ("another Greenville, another Magic Mart"), and serves as a prelude to the Southern themes on the subsequent album. The song may seem political ("The consul a horse - Jefferson I think we're lost"); however, the song refers to the band's former manager, Jefferson Holt, and not Thomas Jefferson or Jefferson Davis. At this stage, R.E.M. had yet to develop their signature political focus, but that would change with their next album.

File:Harborcoat rem84.jpg
The early years, from left: Peter Buck, Michael Stipe, Bill Berry, Mike Mills

Fables of the Reconstruction (1985) explores the mythology of the southern United States, but was ironically recorded in London with Joe Boyd producing. A celebration of an eccentric individual is the subject of no less than four songs on the album ("Maps and Legends," "Life and How to Live It," "Old Man Kensey," "Wendell Gee"). "Driver 8" is a song about the scenery surrounding railroad tracks. (Trains are a frequent topic of Southern music; they epitomize the freedom and promise of an escape from one's home environment). The source of the title of "Can't Get There from Here" is a curious phrase heard when asking directions in a rural area. "Kohoutek," their first song about a romantic relationship, compares the fizzled comet of 1973 to a fizzled romance. By the time this album was released, R.E.M. were critically acclaimed, and the video for "Can't Get There from Here" was played frequently on MTV. R.E.M. practically defined college rock by this time.

The next album, Lifes Rich Pageant (sic) (1986), takes its name from the Inspector Clouseau movie A Shot in the Dark ("You'll catch your death of cold!" "Yes, I probably will. But that's all part of life's rich pageant, you know."). The songs are more upbeat, and the tempo is faster; owed largely to collaborating with John Mellencamp producer Don Gehman. The lyrics were becoming both more intelligible and more direct, with political themes appearing more explicitly ("Begin the Begin," "Flowers of Guatemala," "Hyena"). "Cuyahoga" is about the river in Ohio that caught fire due to pollution and "Fall on Me" is about air pollution. The 'hit' from the album, "Superman," was a cover song that did not appear on the original album cover. In many ways, this album marked the end of the first period in the band's history.

Document (1987) was their last album for the independent record label I.R.S., and provided their first major hit with "The One I Love", which reached No. 9 on the American pop charts. The song expresses a grim satisfaction over the end of an unhappy relationship, but was widely misinterpreted as a love song. "It's the End of the World as We Know It (and I Feel Fine)" recalls the rapid-fire lyrical style of Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues" and can be described as pre-apocalyptic. The band reached new heights as a commercially viable group and established a decade-long association with so-called "sixth R.E.M.", producer Scott Litt.

Dead Letter Office (1987) was a collection of b-sides and outtakes. The collection includes three Velvet Underground covers ("Pale Blue Eyes", "Femme Fatale", and "There She Goes Again", which was narrowly left off of Murmur), an Aerosmith cover ("Toys in the Attic"), an uncommissioned commercial for a barbecue restaurant in Athens, and a boozy version of "King of the Road." (The Dead Letter Office CD includes Chronic Town). The album is described in the liner notes as "A little bit of uh-huh and a whole lot of oh-yeah." The band's early years are summarized in the compilation Eponymous, released in 1988. The overview contains alternative versions and mixes of "Radio Free Europe", "Gardening at Night", and "Finest Worksong".

Rock Superstars (1988-1996)

In 1988, R.E.M. signed to the major label Warner Brothers and released Green. This was the band's first time with heavy promotion, and they toured stadiums across the world extensively in 1989. Some fans from the I.R.S. days complained that R.E.M. had become too commercial and that the quality of the music had decreased, but the band had now been brought to international attention, with radio hits like "Stand" and continued their political interest with the anti-war anthem "Orange Crush". In 1990, a mid-80's side project between Berry, Buck, Mills, and Warren Zevon, the Hindu Love Gods, had a record of blues covers released by Giant Records without the R.E.M. members' consent or participation.

Rock superstars - from left: Peter Buck, Michael Stipe, Mike Mills, Bill Berry

Their next records, Out of Time (1991) and Automatic for the People (1992), were both international hits, despite the fact that R.E.M. did not tour for either album. These two critically acclaimed albums featured hit singles including "Losing My Religion", "Shiny Happy People", "Everybody Hurts", "Man on the Moon", "Nightswimming", and "The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite". The videos for "Losing My Religion" and "Everybody Hurts" received heavy rotation on MTV, and have been revered as pinnacles in music videos since. Out of Time also includes emotional, contemplative tracks such as "Belong," "Half A World Away," and "Country Feedback." On Automatic, the band developed a reserved, meditative sound that took them back to their roots, and the record's 15 million copies were sold in spite of such melancholy themes as death, suicide, and sexual jealousy.

The band's 1994 release, the grunge-influenced Monster, including "What's the Frequency, Kenneth?," proved to be a crossover hit and their best selling album to date, though many critics disliked the band's foray into glam rock. The album was followed by a massive tour during which drummer Bill Berry suffered a brain hemorrhage on stage and Michael Stipe had to undergo hernia operation.

While on this tour the band recorded the album New Adventures in Hi-Fi (1996), a long, roughly-produced and decidedly bleak record which featured, in the seven-minute "Leave," perhaps the band's most intense song. It was well-received by critics and fans alike, yet failed to achieve the heights of the previous three records. Other notable tracks on that record include "E-Bow the Letter" (a collaboration with the legendary Patti Smith) and the western-themed rock of "Low Desert." The band re-signed with Warner Brothers in 1996 for the (at the time) largest recording contract advance in history: $80 million for five albums.

R.E.M. After Berry (1997-2003)

Bill Berry departed on October 30, 1997, his only explanation that he simply didn't want to be a rock star anymore and has since been a farmer. With him R.E.M. parted ways with their decade-long producer Scott Litt. The following year the band returned with the Krautrock-influenced Up (1998), another long and reflective record, with the lead single "Daysleeper". R.E.M. commissioned Patrick "Pat" McCarthy for this lush production, who remains on the production stool ever since. Many tracks contained drum machines, and Peter Buck played little guitar. Their record sales in the United States were down considerably, though in Europe they stayed popular.

The post-Berry era from left: Mike Mills, Michael Stipe, Peter Buck

2001's Reveal, confirmed the return to an even mellower songwriting approach, with songs such as "Imitation of Life," "All The Way To Reno (You're Gonna Be A Star)," and "She Just Wants To Be." Garnering only mixed reviews in the U.S.A., the album was critically feted in Britain, receiving generous praise from many popular music magazines including Uncut, Wired, NME and Q. Recent R.E.M. soundtrack appearances have found them revisiting some of their earliest material, hitherto available only on live bootlegs; their single, "Bad Day" (2003), was the prototype for "It's the End of the World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)," with some of the same lyrics, and "All the Right Friends" was written in 1980, but featured on the soundtrack to Vanilla Sky in 2001.

With A New Drummer On Board (2004-)

In 2004, the band returned with Around the Sun, which once again met with mild critical praise. For this record, as well as for the following tour, they hired a new full-time session and tour drummer Bill Rieflin: "Peter brought him in," says Stipe. "He thought he could pull us in a different direction, and Rieflin really responds to the singer, which is great." Singles from this album include "Leaving New York", "Aftermath", "Electron Blue" (which has been heavily played in Britain), and "Wanderlust". R.E.M.'s Around the Sun World Tour is the first world tour since the infamous Monster Tour (1995), during which R.E.M. needed to suspend shows because of Mike Mills' intestinal adhesions from prior surgery, Bill Berry's brain aneurysm, and Michael Stipe's hernia operation.

R.E.M. toured with Bruce Springsteen and Bright Eyes in late 2004 on the Vote for Change Tour. In 2005 R.E.M. participated in Live 8. A scheduled R.E.M. concert at the same venue. Hyde Park, London, one week later, was postponed for an additional week, in the aftermath of the 7 July 2005 London bombings [1].

In a recent interview, Peter Buck said that their next album would be very different from current R.E.M. Based on the song "I'm Gonna DJ", played live on the 2004-2005 world tour, it may be another rock album, which, if successful, could possibly lead to Warner resigning R.E.M. after the two albums left on their contract. In the same interview, Michael Stipe said he has lyrics to three new songs on his cell phone and one is almost complete and may be debuted live. Currently, there have been two songs played live supposedly on the next album, rumored for a 2006 release; "I'm Gonna D.J.", the catchy rocking song with multiple guitars, and "Weatherman", played once live and then stopped due to the 'lyrics not fitting the song'. The band will be recording a new album that is widely expected to be released sometime in summer or fall of 2006.

Trivia

  • The band members picked the name R.E.M. out of the dictionary. They liked the name because it was so ambiguous. They started out as Twisted Kites for the first show they played at a party, but, according to "It Crawled From the South," considered Negro Eyes, Slut Bank, and Cans of Piss before settling for R.E.M.
  • According to one box set of their albums, R.E.M. stands for Rapid Ear Movement, a play on Rapid Eye Movement
  • "Losing My Religion" may have been the biggest hit song that uses a mandolin as the main instrument.
  • The video for "Losing My Religion" was banned in Ireland due to its religious connotations.
  • The song "Electrolite" mentions James Dean, Steve McQueen, and Martin Sheen, three of the most popular actors of the 50s, 60s, and 70s, respectively.
  • Michael Stipe was originally offered the role of "John Doe" in the 1995 film Se7en.

Samples

Discography

EPs

Chronic Town (1982)

Studio Albums

  1. Murmur (April 1983) #36 US US: Gold
  2. Reckoning (April 1984) #27 US; #91 UK US: Gold
  3. Fables of the Reconstruction (June 1985) #28 US; #35 UK US: Gold
  4. Lifes Rich Pageant (August 1986) #21 US; #43 UK US: Gold
  5. Document (September 1987) #10 US; #28 UK US: Platinum
  6. Green (8 November 1988) #12 US; #27 UK US: 2x Platinum
  7. Out of Time (12 March 1991) #1 US; #1 UK US: 4x Platinum/UK: 5x Platinum Worldwide: 13 million
  8. Automatic for the People (6 October 1992) #2 US; #1 UK US: 4x Platinum/UK: 5x Platinum Worldwide: 18 million
  9. Monster (27 September 1994) #1 US; #1 UK US: 4x platinum/UK: 3x Platinum Worldwide: 10 million
  10. New Adventures in Hi-Fi (10 September 1996) #2 US; #1 UK US: Platinum/UK: 2x Platinum Worldwide: 5.5 million
  11. Up (27 October 1998) #3 US; #2 UK US: Gold/UK: Gold Worldwide: 3 million
  12. Reveal (15 May 2001) #6 US; #1 UK US: Gold/UK: 2x Platinum Worldwide: 4 million
  13. Around the Sun (5 October 2004) #13 US; #1 UK UK: Platinum Worldwide: 2 million

Compilations

Singles

  1. "Radio Free Europe"/"Sitting Still" (Hib-Tone HT-0001/July 1981) UK: - /US: -
  2. "Radio Free Europe"/"There She Goes Again" (I.R.S. 9916/July 1983) UK: - /US: 78
  3. "Talk About the Passion"/"Shaking Through"/"Carnival of Sorts (Boxcars)"/"1,000,000" (I.R.S. 1026/November 1983) UK: - /US: -
  4. "So. Central Rain (I’m Sorry)"/"King Of The Road" (I.R.S. 9927/June 1984) UK: - /US: 85
  5. "(Don’t Go Back To) Rockville"/"Catapult (Live)" (I.R.S. 9931/September 1984) UK: - /US: -
  6. "Can’t Get There From Here"/Bandwagon" (I.R.S. 52643/June 1985) UK: - /US: -
  7. "Driver 8"/"Crazy" (I.R.S. 52678/September 1985) UK: - /US: -
  8. "Wendell Gee"/"Crazy" (I.R.S. September 1985) UK: - /US: -
  9. "Fall On Me"/"Rotary Ten" (I.R.S. 52883/August 1986) UK: - /US: 94
  10. "Superman"/White Tornado" (I.R.S. 52971/December 1986) UK: - /US: -
  11. "The One I Love"/"Maps And Legends (Live)" (I.R.S. 53171/August 1987) UK: 51 (#16 in 1991)/US: 9
  12. "It’s The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine)"/"Last Date" (I.R.S. 53220/December 1987) UK: 39 (in 1991)/US: 69
  13. "Finest Worksong"/"Time After Time Etc." (Live) (Europe only) (I.R.S./April 1988) UK: 50
  14. "Get Up"/"Funtime" (Warner Bros. 22791/September 1989) UK: - /US: -
  15. "Losing My Religion"/"Rotary Eleven" (Warner Bros. 19392/March 1991) UK: 19/US: 4
  16. "Shiny Happy People"/"Forty Second Song" (Warner Bros. 19242/July 1991) UK: 6/US: 10
  17. "Near Wild Heaven"/"Tom's Diner" (Live)/"Low" (Live)/"Endgame" (Live) (Warner Bros. 40195/August 1991) UK: 27/US: -
  18. "Radio Song"/"Love Is All Around" (Live)/"Belong" (Live) (Warner Bros. 40229/November 1991) UK: 28/US -
  19. "Drive"/"Winged Mammal Theme" (Warner Bros. 18729/October 1992) UK: 11/US: 28
  20. "Man On The Moon"/"New Orleans Instrumental No. 2" (Warner Bros. 18642/January 1993) UK: 18/US: 30
  21. "The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite"/"The Lion Sleeps Tonight" (Warner Bros. 40769/Feburary 1993) UK: 17/US: -
  22. "Nightswimming"/"Losing My Religion" (Live Acoustic) (Warner Bros. 18425/July 1993) UK: 28/US: -
  23. "Everybody Hurts"/"Mandolin Strum" (Warner Bros. 18638/August 1993) UK: 7/US: 29
  24. "Find The River"/"Everybody Hurts" (Live) (Warner Bros. 18288/December 1993) UK: 54/US: -
  25. "What’s The Frequency, Kenneth?"/"What’s The Frequency, Kenneth? (Instrumental)" (Warner Bros. 18050/September 1994) UK: 9/US: 21
  26. "Bang And Blame"/"Bang And Blame (Instrumental)" (Warner Bros. 17994/January 1995) UK: 15/US: 19
  27. "Crush With Eyeliner" (UK only) UK: 23
  28. "Star 69" (March 1995) US: 74 (Airplay)
  29. "Strange Currencies"/"Strange Currencies (Instrumental)" (Warner Bros. 17900/April 1995) UK: 9/US: 47
  30. "Tongue" (UK only) UK: 13
  31. "E-Bow The Letter"/"Tricycle" (Warner Bros. 17529/August 1996) UK: 4/US: 49
  32. "Bittersweet Me"/"Undertow (Live)" (Warner Bros. 17490/October 1996) UK: 19/US: 46
  33. "Electrolite"/"The Wake Up Bomb (Live)" (Warner Bros. 17400/February 1997) UK: 29/US: 96
  34. "How The West Was Won And Where It Got US"/"Be Mine (Mike On Bus Version)"/"Love Is All Around"/"Sponge" (Warner Bros. 43851/April 1997) UK: - /US: -
  35. "Daysleeper"/"Emphysema" (Warner Bros. 17129/October 1998) UK: 6/US: 57
  36. "Lotus"/"Surfing The Ganges" (Warner Bros./December 1998) UK: 26/US: -
  37. "At My Most Beautiful"/"Passenger" (Warner Bros./March 1999) UK: 10/US: -
  38. "Suspicion" (UK only) (July 1999) UK: -
  39. "The Great Beyond"/"The One I Love (Live)" (Warner Bros. 16888/1 February 2000) UK: 3/US: 57
  40. "Imitation Of Life"/"The Lifting (Original Version)"/"Beat A Drum (Dalkey Demo)"/"2JN" (Warner Bros. 42363/May 2001) UK: 6/US: 83
  41. "All the Way to Reno" (July 2001) #24 UK
  42. "I'll Take the Rain" (October 2001) #51 UK
  43. "Bad Day" (October 2003) #8 UK
  44. "Animal" (January 2004) #33 UK
  45. "Leaving New York" (September 2004) #5 UK
  46. "Aftermath" (November 2004) #41 UK
  47. "Electron Blue" (February 2005) #26 UK
  48. "Wanderlust" (July 2005) #27 UK

Christmas Fan Club Singles

Every Christmas since 1988 R.E.M. have rewarded members of their official fan club with special, exclusive singles. Here are all the songs to have featured in each of those packages:

  1. "Parade of the Wooden Soldiers"/"See No Evil" (1988) Green vinyl 7"
  2. "Good King Wenceslas"/"Academy Fight Song" (1989) Vinyl 7"
  3. "Ghost Reindeer In the Sky"/"Summertime" (1990) Vinyl 7"
  4. "Baby Baby"/"Christmas Griping" (1991) Vinyl 7"
  5. "Where's Captain Kirk?"/"Toyland" (1992) Vinyl 7"
  6. "Silver Bells"/"Christmas Time Is Here" (1993) Vinyl 7"
  7. "Sex Bomb"/"Christmas In Tunisia" (1994) Vinyl 7"
  8. "Wicked Game"/"Java" (1995) Vinyl 7"
  9. "Only In America"/"I Will Survive" (1996) Vinyl 7"
  10. "Live for Today"/"Happy When I'm Crying" (with Pearl Jam) (1997) Vinyl 7"
  11. "E-Bow the Letter" (live feat. Thom Yorke backing vocals)/"Lucky" (live Radiohead feat. Michael Stipe on vocals) (1998) VHS¹
  12. "Country Feedback" (live feat. Neil Young on guitar)/"Ambulance Blues" (live Neil Young feat. R.E.M. as backing band) (1999) CD
  13. "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)"/"Hastings and Main"/"Take Seven" (2000) Blue vinyl 7"
  14. "Let Me In" (live)/"Find the River" (live in-studio video) (2001) CD ROM
  15. "No Matter What"/"Jesus Christ" (2002) CD ROM²
  16. "Country Feedback" (live feat. Wilco)/"It's the End of the World as We Know It" (live feat. Wilco) (2003) CD
  17. "I Wanted to Be Wrong" (live)/"She Just Wants to Be" (live) (2004) CD
  • 1998 package was actually a live video from the Tibet Freedom Concert in Washington, D.C.
  • 2002 package also featured a video of Michael Stipe reading 'selected works of Martin Luther King Jr.'

Singles

Year Title Chart positions Album
US Hot 100 US Modern Rock US Mainstream Rock UK
1988 "Orange Crush" - #1 (8 weeks) - #28 Green
1988 "Pop Song 89" - #16 - - Green
1988 "Stand" - #1 (2 weeks) - #48 Green
1989 "Turn You Inside-Out" - #18 - - Green

Legacy

It is hard for a modern alternative rock act to escape the overshadowing influence of R.E.M. One of the most important rock acts today Radiohead cite them as a major influence on their work. Even Radiohead's frontman Thom Yorke and Michael Stipe are close friends. The Britpop scene is drawing of R.E.M.'s material as well with Oasis, Coldplay and Blur influenced by them.

See also

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