Todd Manning
| Todd Manning | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| One Life to Live character | |||||||||||||||||||||
| File:TrevorStJohn.jpg Trevor St. John as Todd Manning in the One Life to Live opening sequence | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Portrayed by | Roger Howarth (1992-1995, 1996-1998, 2000-2003) Trevor St. John (2003-present) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| First appearance | December 1992[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Created by | Michael Malone | ||||||||||||||||||||
| File:OLTL Howarth.jpg Roger Howarth as Todd Manning in the One Life to Live opening sequence from 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Thomas "Todd" Manning is a fictional character from the ABC daytime drama One Life to Live. The role was originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth. In 2003, Howarth departed from the series and the role was recast with actor Trevor St. John as Todd physically revised after plastic surgery.
The character was conceived as a short-term role; Howarth is credited with "turning what was a day player role into a compelling, long-term character".[7] Initially designed to be a ruthless, cunning and one-dimensional villain, throughout the years Todd has evolved into a complex character, often selfish and acting the villain but also passionate about protecting his loved ones and capable of showing kindness and a conscience.
During his time in the fictional town of Llanview, Pennsylvania, the character has had significant trouble with the law, including the infamous 1993 gang rape of Marty Saybrooke. That story has been noted as one of soap opera's classic, most remembered and impactful storylines.[8][9][10][11] In 1994, Todd was revealed as the son of Victor Lord, the brother of Tina Lord and half-brother of long-running One Life to Live heroine Victoria Lord.
In September 2007, the writers produced a story for Todd to remarry longtime love Blair Cramer for the fifth time. The series has given the characters two living children, Starr and Jack. Todd's third child, a son by the mentally unstable Margaret Cochran, was scripted to have been kidnapped at birth and later presumed dead; in 2007, Todd discovers the boy is, in fact, alive and being raised as "Tommy McBain" by people he knows.[12] The story shifts to award Todd custody but to have Tommy's adoptive mother Marcie McBain flee with the child.[12] With Marcie and his son still at large, viewers witnessed Todd's announcement that "Tommy" would be renamed "Sam Manning" in honor of his deceased mentor and friend, Sam Rappaport, and Todd's later reunion with the child.
Todd has been the subject of numerous soap opera articles, feminist studies, and inspired the creation of a doll in his likeness. He has remained a popular and controversial figure since his creation, and is considered one of soap opera's breakout characters.[2]
Character creation
Constructing a villain
Todd Manning was originally intended to be a short-lived role. Howarth's portrayal of the character inspired "notable" fan reaction, which prompted the creators to layer Todd's personality and showcase him regularly within the series.[13][14] Michael Malone, the character's creator, relayed fleshing out the villain as being a part of what he loves about soap operas. "The story-telling is a genuine collaboration, not just among writers but by the actors," he elaborated.[15] Malone felt that he could not take all of the credit for the development of the character from Marty Saybrooke's gang rapist to what the character later became, and also noted Howarth's impact:
"In the creation of Todd Manning, no one played a larger role than the remarkably talented Josh Griffith, first associate head writer, then co-head writer, during my stay at One Life. Josh loved, lived and breathed Todd and fought passionately for his position on the show. Second, Todd never would have evolved from 'first frat boy' to the major cast member he became without the powerful talent of Roger Howarth. Because of Roger's ability to convey the complexity of Todd (the hurt as well as anger, the insecurity as well as bluster, the brains, yearning, manipulativeness, sexiness, tenderness, nastiness) we were able to explore both the deeply dark side of this character (the effort to destroy Marty to cover the rape, the attempted revenge on his lawyer Nora, the attack on Luna) and at the same time slowly uncover his growing struggle (usually a failed struggle) towards some kind of redemption. Romantic leads have often begun their careers playing villains (Valentino, Clark Gable, Humphrey Bogart among them). These characters appeal because they make women feel both the thrill of the 'bad' and the lure of the hidden 'good': they can lead the man to change through love. 'I'll save him!' Fans loved Todd from the beginning because he always had that appeal. The network was therefore happy to have him return to Llanview whenever Roger would come back, and happy to have him move into story in major ways."[15]
Malone originally scripted Todd as a serial rapist. During the 1993 rape storyline, it was "Todd canon" that he raped character Carol Swift a year or two before raping Marty, and was hinted that he raped other young women before Carol.[16] Malone gave Todd the last name "Manning" without knowing Victor Lord’s mistress was named Irene Manning. This oversight is what allowed the writers to later reveal Todd as Tina and Victoria Lord's brother.[13][15] Todd was made Victoria's brother to give the writers more story to work with while transitioning Todd from a recurring character to a main character.[15] They felt they could begin with the mystery regarding the false heir, David Vickers, a con-man claiming Todd's fortune as his own, and have him corrupt Tina. Developing Todd not only as Victoria's unwanted sibling but as "her professional rival" who used "a splashy tabloid newspaper to wipe out her venerable Banner" appealed to Malone.[15]
Makeup
Signature scar and the hair
In mid 1993, the character was given a "nasty-looking" scar to his right cheek in order to make him seem even more menacing; the series showcased Marty's friend, Luna Moody, stopping his second physical attack on Marty by hitting him with a crowbar and scarring his face. The camera would often emphasize this scar, which would later become synonymous with the character.[14]
Independent casting director Howard Meltzer explained, "Todd wears the scar like a badge. It’s a warning to others: Don’t mess with me."[17] Meltzer relayed that Howarth underplayed Todd; Todd did not have to rant to incite fear. "He gets a lot more from the raising of an eyebrow than raising the volume of his voice," Meltzer stated.[17] Todd's actions were mostly in response to the environment around him. Meltzer thanked Howarth's "expressiveness" for making it possible for viewers to see "the wheels turning".[17] The scar was applied by glue, with a little makeup to make the scar look more authentic, and usually took 10 minutes to apply.[18]
Todd's hair was integral to the character as well. It was described as "enigmatic, with an air of innate authority".[17] The hair was said to demonstrate Todd's lack of pretense and to convey an "I don’t care" attitude, and compliment the character's "overhanging brow". Todd would therefore seem more threatening but vulnerable at the same time.[17] The hair often concealed the "intense, vulnerable eyes underneath".[17] These features contrasted well to the character's mouth, which was cited as pouty and sensual and conferring "a charming, boyish quality". These attributes could sometimes be misinterpreted as Todd being less dangerous than he actually was.[17] Photographer Robert Milazzo said that the hair was the softening part of the character, as portrayed by Howarth. "You don’t expect that intensity because of it," he said, and that it made Todd more intriguing.[17]
In November 2008, Todd was given a new "scar" to go along with his new face; given to him by character John McBain during a physical altercation in which John beats Todd with a gun, the "scar" was to symbolize Todd's "second rape of Marty" and past history with her.[2] The cut was significantly smaller than the original but placed in the same spot. Despite the cut being viewed as "a poetic nod" to Todd's history, it was gone by January 2009. St. John stated, "I know. It’s too bad. I honestly have no idea why they wouldn’t keep that reminder on Todd’s face. It might be an economical thing. You know it costs to apply that kind of makeup each day."[2]
Music
Powerfully dark theme music was applied to assist Todd's volatile nature.[19] Referred to as "Todd's theme" by producers and fans of the series, and consisting of ominous low chords, it usually served to signal to viewers that, whenever played, Todd was about to commit a vicious, dangerous, or threatening act.[20] This was especially evident in Howarth's portrayal, and continued during St. John's early portrayal.
The original creator of Todd's theme music, composer David Nichtern, said he loved Todd and enjoyed implementing the different versions of the Todd theme.[19] While describing Todd's "return from the dead" music (a prominent event at the time),[19] first played in 1996, Nichtern addressed the broader aspect of his music composition for the character:
"All of Todd's music has had a certain 'vibe' to it, especially since the character is so well-drawn. It also has seemed particularly well-suited to my guitar style, so I've enjoyed 'becoming' Todd musically. The key is always to represent his dark side, but with the possibility of redemption and power behind the whole thing. That's what makes him such an interesting character. Todd's cues are always custom-made so to speak, so there is energy and attention going toward getting the exact flavor of what the current story-line is saying about his journey."[19]
Three primary musical themes have assisted Todd's evolution: The original Todd theme, from 1993 to 1996, encompassed Todd's rape of Marty and his early misdeeds; the second theme was repeatedly heard in 1998 and 2000; and the third theme was first heard in 2001. The 1993 Marty rape sequence "was scored almost entirely with popular rock songs".[20] During the lead-up to the rape, described as "chilling" while the fraternity party is going on, "the hard edged songs playing at low volume in the background [intensify] the underlying tense, aggressive atmosphere".[20] When Todd reaches his turning point and makes the decision to rape Marty, "the song being played ('Head Like a Hole') [is] brought up to a louder volume" and the lyrics are clear: "I'd rather die/Than give you control".[20] This allows Todd's motivation for the rape to significantly register with viewers through the use of background music.[20]
Additional musical themes for Todd have been his "minous chords" while stalking Nora Gannon in 1993 following her contribution to his jail sentence, his romance with Rebecca Lewis in 1994, where a sweeping romantic theme with tragic undertones are heard and "sometimes interspersed" with the former ominous music, his rescue of Marty along with two children, and the Todd and Téa romance.[19][20] In mid 1994, when Todd rescues C.J. Roberts, Jessica Buchanan, and Marty from a car crash, "his change of heart [is] reflected by a change in music".[20] His dominant theme then becomes "a tuneful, forward moving piece".[20] This theme is used regularly throughout Todd's 1994 redemption storyline and later when he becomes the Lord heir (1995).[20] In August 1996, when Todd "returns from the dead" after several months of absence, the "on-edge, demented sound, by which we [are told] that Todd [has] once again undergone a psychological change, this time for the worse" is introduced; the theme first assists Todd's emotional breakdown and revenge scheme[6][21] upon discovering wife Blair Cramer having sex with character Patrick Thornhart.[20]
Concept on redemption
Todd's spiritual journey was crafted as a man who wanted forgiveness for his past misdeeds. In the story, his feeling that he does not deserve forgiveness contributes to him embracing his worst qualities. Malone was intrigued by telling this type of character aspect, and felt that it worked better due to Howarth being an actor who would not let Todd acquire redemption easily.[15] Malone felt the most important part of Todd's redemption was to have him re-confront Marty Saybrooke,[15] the woman whose gang rape he initiated. In 1994, the writers had Todd risk his freedom from prison to instead save Marty from a car crash.[13][15] He goes as far as to donate his own blood to Marty to ensure that she survives the wreck.[15] A year later, he risks his life to save Patrick from death, who is Marty's lover at the time; this act leads to Todd's presumed death.[22][20] Despite the character's eagerness to be thought of as a decent human being, the writers felt that these good deeds should never make Todd feel any less horrible for having raped Marty.[15]
Initially, Howarth did not consider the storylines to be redemptive. "[Todd's] not being redeemed at all," he said.[23] "Todd, as I see it, is looking for a way to overcome this rage so he can live in society again. From now on, his menace will be on the surface, not exploding. It's more interesting if his violence is on the surface and that he play against it. That's where the subtlety is."[23]
Specific writing and literary analysis
In her book Consuming Pleasures: Active Audiences and Serial Fictions from Dickens to Soap Opera, Jennifer Hayward cites writers as sometimes using names to symbolize good or bad characters.[14] She suggests this with Powell Lord (the III), a character who initially resists the gang rape of Marty (Susan Haskell), being set up as "the good" against Todd's "absolute evil".[14] While Powell is witnessed to harbor deep guilt for his part in the rape and originally acts as Todd's conscience, Todd is shown to ignore Powell's need to instill morals.[14]
Hayward felt the writing showcased Marty's rape as not being about sex, women, or even about Marty. It was rather about what takes place between men and women in the aftermath of rape.[14] Powerful archetypes were drawn out, such as the fight between good and evil, reminiscent of nineteenth-century melodrama, where critique would be given to "power relations, especially the oppression of the poor by the rich and of women by men".[14]
To the characters and viewers, Todd was without any redeeming qualities. He displayed no remorse and no charm. The writers made him the pure embodiment of evil.[14] Certain plot points were issued to further demonstrate this. One plot point included Todd attempting to rape Marty for a second time. He wanted to punish her for "winning" the trial against him. Todd's second attempt to physically harm Marty, however, is thwarted by Marty's close friend (Luna Moody). The writers had the scuffle between the two leave Todd with a scar gracing the right side of his face.[14]
As Todd's popularity with viewers grew, and as a solution not to have to kill off what had become a perceived monster, executive producer Susan Bedsow Horgan and head writer Malone chose a controversial option — the decision to complicate Todd by ensuring that he was not a one-dimensional rapist.[14][24] Horgan and Malone started Todd's transition into a more well-rounded character with their second transition of Powell. They had Powell attempt suicide and soon confess to raping Marty. He is publicly forgiven by Marty herself, which enrages Todd when he and fellow rapist Zach receive eight-year sentences behind prison compared to Powell's three months of jail time. Todd makes a vow that he will be out of prison in three months as well.[14] To carry out this vow, Todd was written to escape by "drugging himself, waking from a coma to leap from a speeding ambulance, and then reviving himself again by stabbing a knife through his hand while rolling his eyes heavenward" and saying the pain felt good.[14] The scary determination of the character had become characteristic of him by then, and he often seemed superhuman, reminiscent of the Terminator.[14] He wanted revenge on the person he felt was most responsible for his prison time, Nora Gannon (Hillary B. Smith). She was his lawyer during the rape trial, but had thrown his case once she discovered that he had raped Marty.[14] With his escape from prison, Todd sets out to attack the currently blind Nora. He stalks and torments her, but she is spared from Todd's attack by her then-husband Bo Buchanan (Robert S. Woods) showing up before Todd can finish the assault and rape her.[14]
Following his attack on Nora, the writers had Todd's fury increase. They had him once again attempt to rape Marty. This was another failed attempt by Todd.[14] For the character to get some kind of vengeance in response to this, the series had him kill Marty's boyfriend, Suede, during a scuffle.[14] Though Suede's death is an accident within the series, Todd is soon involved in a storyline where he kidnaps an ingenue named Rebecca Lewis. He hides out with her, commits grand theft auto, and is later found by the police and shot in the chest. He falls off a bridge "into the freezing river of the far upstate New York".[14]
Steps to early redemption
Upon Todd's return, reasoned Hayward, "the [writing] team used four techniques drawn from the conventions of Victorian sentimental fiction".[14] They set Todd's redemption into motion by informing the audience of Todd's tragically sad childhood and that he had a powerful love for his mother while understandably harboring a deep hate for his rich, abusive, controlling adoptive father.[14] The writers' next step in redeeming Todd was by having him visit a church to repent for his past misdeeds. In addition, his current disturbing thoughts were implemented.[14] The third part of Todd's redemption consisted of Todd's love for "the innocent, very religious virgin, Rebecca Lewis". She helps him by letting him emotionally and regularly vocalize his detest for his father. "With her pre-Raphelite curls, 'drooping head,' and inarticulate cries, Rebecca is almost a caricature of Dickens' more sentimental and less felicitious heroines," said Hayward.[14]
Scenes between Todd and Rebecca were presented with heavily iconic detail, such as symbolic representation consisting of homages to the Virgin, the Mother, and Freud.[14] Todd was feminized as part of this, one example taking place as Todd picks up Rebecca's purse and makes a correlation between it and his mother's purse; he briefly proceeds to use makeup to cover up the scar symbolizing his rough past.[14]
The final and "crucial addition" to Todd's early redemption, Hayward and other analysts argue, was his friendship with the two children at the time C.J. and Sarah Roberts.[14][25][20] Hayward stated that this particular aspect bore "an uncanny (and almost certainly deliberate, given Malone's affection for nineteenth-century literature) resemblance to the monster's narrative in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein".[14] Mary Shelley's monster saves a young girl from drowning, but instead of the incident being seen as heroic, it is misinterpreted as an attack on her. From the hidden shadows, the monster also watches two children living happy lives.[14] In similar comparison, Hayward argues, Malone's Todd Manning rescues the cousin of C.J. and Sarah. The cousin is Jessica Buchanan (who later turns out to be his niece). Todd saves her from being manhandled by an older boy.[14] This serves as the start to Todd's road to meeting the two children (also of blood relation to him). Hayward says that like Shelley's monster, Todd observes the family's happy moments together from afar, and wishes to be a part of their life.[14] He uses his time alone to make toys for the two children. Once they accidentally discover him, he manipulates the children into keeping his whereabouts a secret. He relays to them that he is "a genie on the run from an evil master". The stories Todd tells them reflect his feelings about his adoptive father.[14]
In the years following, Todd continues to evolve into a complex character. His amends start with his former victim, Marty.[15]
Portrayals
Roger Howarth
During a February 2, 1993 interview with magazine Soap Opera Digest, Howarth stated he was surprised he won the role of Todd. "I really don't know how I made it," he said.[28] He met a One Life to Live casting director two years before acquiring the role when he was in a New York play.[28] When he heard about the opening on the show, he "auditioned just like everybody else".[28] "I made it to callbacks, and I got the part," said Howarth.[28] During an August 10, 1993 interview with Soap Opera Weekly, Howarth grimaced as he was read a quote from the February 1993 interview.[29] He previously stated, "I was happy to get the part of Todd, but it was the furthest thing from the fabric of my personality." Howarth responded to hearing this quote by saying, "What a totally self-involved, pretentious thing to say."[29] He clarified, "When it comes to creating a character for a soap opera, they have to go with an archetype, one that's recognizable. The one they created with Todd is that he's privileged and very rich. My upbringing was not like that at all. Status is really important to the characters I seem to be playing. To me, Roger, I don't think it's that important."[29][30]
Howarth was consistently cast as a bad guy,[29][28] and said he had no idea why but loved it. He decided that he "would never want to come in now and play a nice guy for three months" and that the bad-boy persona fit him well.[29] He felt that playing nice would be "dreadfully" boring, but that it was just as easy to portray a bad guy as to portray a good guy.[29] He said the key to understanding Todd is Todd's concern for how he is perceived by people. "I don't think Todd's obnoxious," Howarth said, "and I can't try to play obnoxious. It's so important to him to think he looks good to others. He's able to mistreat people, which in turn pumps him up. He doesn't appear to the world to be vulnerable in any way. His defense mechanisms have spun out of control."[29]
Howarth spoke of what he viewed as the complexity behind Todd raping Marty. "Todd was in love with Marty," said Howarth.[29] Though Todd and Marty initially have a one-night stand, she rejects his later romantic advances; this begins to upset Todd and eventually starts to fester. Todd failing an exam only adds to his frustration because everything "had always come so easy to him".[29] Rather than admitting that he himself is the reason for failing his exam, he blames Marty; it has to be his tutor's fault. Todd subsequently tries to cast all of his problems off on Marty.[29]
In an April 5, 1994 interview to magazine Soap Opera Update, Howarth commented on Todd's clothing style. This was before Todd's wardrobe would eventually be regulated to mostly "suit-wear". Todd would dress in expensive grunge, Salvation Army-like "rags".[26] Howarth said that Todd was "all Ralph Lauren. Double R.L. 80 dollar pants and a 400-and-something-dollar jacket".[26] At the time, the clothing was the only thing Howarth admired about the character,[26] and found it disturbing that people could romantically desire a character that, as he described, is unhealthy. "I don't get it," he said. "I don't want to insult anybody, but I don't know why he's attractive."[26] Though the interviewer noted that Howarth's own good looks may have attributed to the character's attractiveness, Howarth surmised that, for some reason, skinny white guys were in demand.[26]
Howarth was perplexed by writers who feel villains need to be redeemed. "Todd's a pretty interesting character just the way he is," said Howarth. "There's no need to fix it if it's not broken. I don't know where the whole notion of redeeming characters comes from. People used to say to me, 'I hope you get redeemed so you can stay on the show.' Well, Todd hasn't been redeemed, and he's still on the show."[31] Howarth continued, "I don't love the character I play. If I met Todd on the street, I wouldn't say 'Hi' to him, but I do love playing this character."[31]
Asked about Todd's future, in a 1994 interview months later, Howarth said that he had no predictions on what was going to happen to the character, but that he would be happy portraying Todd regardless.[32] He did, however, have concerns about what direction the writers might take Todd. "I've been lucky because Todd's done a lot of things and he's gotten the chance to show different parts of his personality," said Howarth. "He's not one-dimensional. We've covered many things and I'm not sure what's left to do, but I hope they just don't compromise Todd. I just want him to stay the jerk that everyone loves!"[32]
During Howarth's portrayal, the writers detailed Todd's personality as a blend of dark humor, uncouth behavior, and the essence of a tortured soul. The character would often deliver one-liners that ranged from humorous to sadistic.[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] In 1997 and 1998, Todd was given comedic partners to sometimes help emphasize this aspect of the character. The first addition was Charlie Briggs, portrayed by actor Robert J. Hogan. Hogan was first seen as Briggs in 1995; he was working for rival company The Banner before Todd "stole him away". Hogan said, "Briggs had been on the show for 17 years, but they never showed him."[33]
Similar to comedy teams, where the "funny guy" usually has a "straight man" who either sets up the joke or simply "does not get it", Briggs was the "straight man" to Todd.[33] An element the writers added was Todd's inability to sometimes realize that the joke was more about him.[33] Scenes between Todd and Briggs typically involved Todd issuing "some bizarre order" to Briggs, or Todd asking Briggs a "way-out question" that was often "way out of line".[33] During these scenes, the script would sometimes have Briggs respond with a "stupefied look" on his face.[33] Though Briggs appeared lost at some of Todd's comments, Hogan felt that Briggs was "more than a match" for Todd. "You look at a kid yelling at you," he said, "and you can't take him seriously."[33]
Todd's second comedic pairing was his friendship with a parrot he named Moose; the bird was portrayed by two South American blue and gold Macaws named Flash and Lucky.[40] Part of Todd's character trait was that he was closest to this bird than to most humans.[40] He would tell his private thoughts and secrets to Moose, which would put the character in direct conflict with Todd's then-wife Téa Delgado.[40] Actress Florencia Lozano, Téa's portrayer, clarified: "My character, um, has a very adversarial relationship with the bird. Um...it's sort of jealous of me, I'm jealous of the bird. We're both trying to get close to Todd."[40]
In addition to Moose and Téa's antagonistic relationship, the bird would make insulting or "funny" remarks to anyone causing problems for Todd. The parrots' awareness of the real world as compared to the fictional world helped them to connect with the actors and better achieve comedic timing.[40] Parrot trainer Ed Richman, explained, "The character of Todd would be yelling or screaming or somebody else would be yelling or screaming... Uh...the birds kind of know in their hearts, inside of them, that it's not real."[40]
Richman had been working with Flash and Lucky for fifteen years, and the birds had developed an "impressive résumé", having appeared on shows such as Magnum, P.I. and Jake and the Fatman, which eventually led them to One Live to Live as Todd's pet parrot.[40] Richman stated that Howarth caught on "real quick" regarding his interaction with Flash and Lucky and that he was the best actor he had worked with in the industry.[40]
To achieve different personality moods for Moose, the producers would trade parrots; Flash was used for intimidating scenes where it looked like he "was going to kill somebody", and Lucky was used for the "loving, very caring", physically close portrayal of Moose.[40] The parrots did not actually speak themselves; voice actor Ron Gallop was used to deliver the verbal aspects of the character. Gallop joked, "I train them not to speak so that I have a job."[40] Lozano recalled, "I've had monologues with them and, you know...just like any other kind of — acting with anyone else or anything else — you take it off of the bird or the person. And, um, obviously, the birds are really good actors because — they're just being honest."[40]
Other characteristics defining Todd were the character's eating habits, his nightmares, and issues with sexual intimacy. The character typically ate with his bare hands, while usually refusing to use silverware.[41] Téa was at times determined to teach Todd proper table manners. Todd was aware of proper table etiquette, but preferred not to acknowledge this.[41] Téa was also there to help console Todd about his nightmares, and wanted him to open up about them.[42] Todd's nightmares were designed as a look into Todd's "soul" and personality; they were the driving factor behind him hardly resting. It was rare for Todd to discuss the nightmares, but he would open up to Téa about them on occasion.[42][21]
Todd's vocalized resistance to sexual intimacy stemmed from his horrific past misdeeds and romantic past with Blair Cramer;[21] in addition to his mental anguish for having raped Marty, he had become bitter after surviving a near-death experience and being presumed dead in 1995. Upon his return in 1996, he discovers Blair on the floor of their penthouse having sex with Patrick Thornhart, which causes him to "shut down" emotionally and to seek revenge against the two.[6][21] Todd subsequently limits his emotional affection to his daughter, his sister and occasionally to children. The writers often emphasized Todd's fear of sexual intimacy by making this a prominent obstacle for Todd and Téa's relationship. At one point within the series, Téa is shown to strip down naked in front of Todd and plead for him to make love to her. In response, Todd angrily throws her out into the cold — a rejection more about not being ready for human closeness of this nature again than a genuine rejection of Téa.[43] Todd having been raped at age 14 by his adoptive father was suggested by the series and seen as a possible cause for his low libido.[44] The character later renewed his interest in sex when romantically reunited with Blair, but remained ambivalent towards sexual interaction.
One of the essential components completing Todd's personality is his cleverness. Howarth's portrayal showcased the character consistently out-smarting police, family and anyone he targeted. In one storyline, an example takes place when Todd fakes split personalities in order to avoid a life sentence in prison for holding 14 people hostage.[45] The writers scripted Todd to always remain one step ahead of his enemies.[45]
Trevor St. John
In May 2003, months following Howarth's departure from the series, the character was recast. Actor Trevor St. John stepped into the role. However, it was not yet determined that the character he was portraying was Todd until August of that year. St. John initially took the role of Walker Laurence, while exhibiting uncanny similarities to Todd. Eventually, the audience started to notice, which created suspicion throughout the soap opera community regarding Walker's identity.[47] Magazine TV Guide soon realized the matter, and set up an interview with St. John. Wanting to immediately address the question, Delaina Dixon of the magazine bluntly asked St. John if his character was Todd. St. John replied, "I don't look anything like Todd." Further pressed and asked if maybe he was Todd but with plastic surgery, St. John still did not answer directly. "He had a different voice and height," he pointed out. The interviewer noted that anything is possible in the soap opera world. St. John agreed, but informed that the audience would definitively know on August 26, 2003, and that they should keep watching.[48] As suspected, Walker Laurence was eventually revealed to be Todd Manning; Todd had received plastic surgery. He had been severely beaten to the point of disfigurement during a murder attempt on his life ordered by Mitch Laurence. While recovering in the hospital, Todd conducts research and learns that Mitch has a brother named Walker (also portrayed by St. John), who goes by the name Flynn Laurence. Todd pays Flynn for information on Mitch, and has extensive plastic surgery in order to physically resemble Flynn and get revenge on (as well as protect his family from) Mitch.[49]
Former head writer Malone stated, "During my second stint at One Life, I had to decide whether or not I should recast Todd."[13] Malone said that the series could not let Todd leave the canvas.[13] "There was a committee involved in this recast," he said, "but during [St. John’s] audition, which was extraordinary, we all agreed he was Todd. And that unanimous decision is very rare in this business, as you know. It was a risky choice, but he really made it work."[13] Malone said he felt St. John made the character his own.[13]
St. John did not know that Malone and executives were considering him as Todd, but he said that there was no strategy in his performance as the character once he won the role.[2] "I feel the moment is by far the most interesting thing, and the only thing worth exploring," he said. "I think what you’re seeing is a non-interpretive performance. Todd is already written on the page, so it’s my job to bring him to life in that moment. The answer is in the question. I don’t think in terms of evilness, goodness or vulnerability. This is the line, and this is how I feel, so I act it without analyzing it to death."[2] St. John said that he prefers the audience to interpret the character. He said teachers do not teach actors that in acting class.[2] "Teachers tell you to interpret the character," he said.[2] "I disagree. A character exists irrespective of how an actor plays the role. I know it’s an unusual way to approach acting."[2]
When asked if he watched Howarth's work as Todd before portraying the character, St. John said, "They wanted me to watch about 15 episodes because the producers expected me to play Todd like [Howarth]. This was before I started shooting. I watched two episodes but I never tried to mimic [Howarth's] style."[2] St. John said, "As an actor, that’s ridiculous. I needed to get a sense of who Todd was first, and that has to happen organically. I don’t care if Marlon Brando played the role before me. An actor shoots himself in the foot when you try to play a part like another actor. It’s awful — and very limiting and very uncreative."[2]
Analyzing Todd, St. John felt that it was nice to step into the role and have instant concrete relationships: "There was so much history with Todd. I became a core character. It was grounding. I could look at old scripts and ask people, 'What was your relationship with Todd like?' Whereas with Walker, no one knew." St. John cited that this is what acting is all about — "your relationship to people when you figure out how to play a scene".[50]
Regarding Todd's style, St. John focused more on the character's hair. He told magazine Soap Opera Weekly that he wanted a haircut. He hoped that the show's writers and producers would let him trim off a little of it. "It's just not me to be this shaggy," he said. "Right now it's OK, because I've made the creative choice that I'm letting myself go because [Todd's] not really right in the old noggin. They asked me to leave it alone until further notice. I even gained a little weight so it looks like I'm not thinking about appearance. But personally, I'd like to be a little cleaner."[46]
Due to the praise Howarth received for his portrayal of the character, as well as the length of his portrayal, it became inevitable that viewers and the soap opera media would start to compare St. John's performance as the villain to Howarth's. They wondered how Howarth might have acted out certain scenes and recited certain lines. St. John replied:
"It's like saying that if you play Hamlet, every actor who plays it has to play each line with the same inflection, the same intention. I don't care what the other guy did. That's his time. Those are the characteristics that Todd had simply because he was the only one who played it. As far as I'm concerned, it's just a name and words on a page. What I do after that is up to me. I'm playing it now. I know that sounds very arrogant and overconfident, but it would be no fun to try to mimic somebody."[51]
St. John acknowledged the love/hate relationship that viewers have with Todd, but commented on how this factor keeps the character from becoming boring.[12] "It’s fun," he stated, "bad guys are always the most popular, I think." St. John felt that likeability is unnecessary. "I think empathy is what people respond to," he relayed. "If you understand a person, the person can do whatever unlikable act, and you’ll still be rooting for him."[12] He added, "And Todd’s kind of both good and bad. He’s got his good side with his kids, and yet he is conniving and vicious and all those negative things. That’s the kind of character that people like to watch. No one likes to watch a monolith of niceness. The worst thing a writer could do is make a character nice, period. Or likeable."[12]
St. John said that Todd is capable of anything, in his opinion. "When people ask: 'Would Todd ever kill anyone or hit Starr or Blair,' I always answer, 'sure.' If I say no, then I’m limiting the character," he said.[2] "Todd is a marvelous character to play because he could commit genocide, or find a cure for AIDS. He’s full of possibilities — good and bad. Who knows what someone is truly capable of? Who’s to say that Todd isn’t attracted to one of Starr’s friends, or Starr herself, even? What if Todd wants to kill Viki in one moment? See, as an actor that always gives you conflict to play — and that subtext enriches a performance."[2]
Impact
Todd's impact is varied. The rape storyline inspired feminist studies, and won Daytime Emmy Awards, including actor, actress and writer Emmys, in 1994;[2][8][7][30] Howarth won for Outstanding Younger Actor.[7][30] In 1995, he was nominated for an Emmy as Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, won the Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Younger Lead Actor, and the Soap Opera Digest Award for Outstanding Villain in 1998.[7][30] Additionally, he won several soap opera awards in the years following as Todd.[7][30] His popularity led viewers to demand his stay on the show,[14][24] and his portrayal of the character made Todd a legend and icon.[14][30]
At the height of Todd's popularity, there were female viewers expressing ardent desire for the fictional rapist in such a way that it unnerved Howarth; fans would scream "Rape me, Todd" at fan events.[24] Adult male fans spoke of the excitement Todd brought to the show,[14] and young boys and girls enjoyed the character as well.[16][52] The character's popularity extended to talk shows, where hosts would address Howarth about the "rabid" attention he and his character received. On May 17, 1994, he appeared with six other male soap opera stars on the Phil Donahue Show, and discussed Todd's scar, his love for soccer aside from acting, and working with child co-stars.[18] That same month, he appeared on Live with Regis and Kathie Lee, following his Daytime Emmy win.[53] As Regis Philbin started to introduce Howarth, he stated, "This guy is hot! More mail than any other soap star going....he's a terrible villain, who's become a heartthrob to thousands of wildly adoring fans...."[53] When Howarth came out, Philbin said that Howarth did not look like "such a bad guy".[53] The interview consisted of professional and personal detail, and concluded with Philbin introducing a clip of Todd in a confessional; he was confessing his sins of the past and one of the future. The audience applauded loudly when the clip was finished, and Philbin and Kathie Lee praised Howarth's performance.[53] Philbin said that Howarth was "very, very convincing".[53] Howarth explained that it took hundreds of people behind the scenes to get an episode of a soap opera together.[53]
Todd's "rampant" popularity intruded on Howarth's life. "It's really starting to frustrate me because I can't just go to work anymore," he said.[26] When asked if he would leave the role, he replied, "Acting is always something I thought I'd do, but it's something I think I could leave....I'd have to let you know if it worked out or not, but there are moments when I really want to go away and do something else."[26] Howarth leaving the show often preoccupied fans with their love for Todd, and his returns were met with anticipation and hype;[6][54][55] the character coming back in 2000 for his love at the time, Téa Delgado, received significant fanfare.[54] Soap Opera Magazine felt that Howarth's face "greatly" attributed to the character's success, as they listed him in their February 24, 1998 article Daytime's Most Fascinating Faces. The magazine stated, "Although the scar that traverses his face while he plays Llanview’s dark prince isn’t real, the menacing intensity that Roger Howarth can so effortlessly convey with his eyes and furrowed brow are frighteningly authentic."[17] Soap Opera Weekly said "Howarth's presence is hypnotic. He's focused (just watch his eyes), and has given Todd such a deliciously frightening edge that we hope he wreaks more havoc in Llanview..."[1] Marla Hart of the Chicago Tribune stated, "...it has been an unexpected pleasure to watch actor Roger Howarth as a lost soul in search of spiritual redemption in his role as ex-rapist Todd on One Life to Live. It's those dark corners that make Howarth so interesting to tune in to..."[23] Howarth's acclaim as Todd continued throughout his entire tenure on the show.[56][57][58][59][60][61]
St. John and the writers received praise for his portrayal of the character being smartly integrated into the series. Soap Opera Weekly stated, "They said it couldn't be done. One Life to Live's Todd (previously played by Roger Howarth) could not be recast. But with an appealing actor and the right pacing, One Life to Live may just have done it."[62] The magazine said the "writers unfolded the reveal very slowly, first letting Walker develop as a new character before dropping hints that he could be Todd. By the time 'Walker' finally let Starr in on his secret, the audience already suspected the truth, but still wanted to hear it from the horse's mouth. The scene was one of those great (and, these days, rare) must-see moments".[62] Soap Opera Digest said "[b]eing a recast is difficult enough" but that "St. John aptly distinguished between Walker, who's really Todd, as well as Flynn, who pretended to be Walker" and "let glimmers of Todd shine through. We could see Todd when Walker lowered his eyes while holding back from telling his sister, Viki; with fiancee Blair, Walker's gaze was always shifting, making sure nothing could clue her in to his secret".[63] Additionally, the magazine credited St. John with maintaining "the [uniquely scheming] relationship of Todd and Starr" and for keeping their scenes touching and delightful.[64]
On May 29, 2006, Memorial Day, St. John delivered what has been described as "one of the most memorable moments" in soap opera history.[65] The moment was Todd's execution, which was cited as "breathtaking, nerve-racking and heart wrenching".[65]
Within the series, Todd is put to death by lethal injection, an action set up by enemy Spencer Truman. Todd's wife, Blair, screams in terror as the process happens. During the same moment, John McBain rushes in declaring Todd's innocence. He has proof; the woman Todd is accused of killing (Margaret Cochran) is at his side, clearly still alive. Spencer, a doctor, is forced to bring Todd back to life on the spot.[66][65]
Making the execution scenes particularly gloomy were flashbacks of Todd's life, from his romance with Blair to the birth of his children, a song entitled "Forsaken" (or "Todd's Song") by Michal Towber which overlapped the five-minute and twenty-four second montage,[67] and Blair's disbelief in Todd's innocence while his daughter stand outside of the prison crying in the presence of a lynch mob.[68] The scenes were cited as "unbearable", and Blair's unwillingness to believe in Todd infuriated the audience.[68] At the time, the majority of audience (due to lack of Internet access or interest in spoilers for the show) believed Todd's death was permanent.[68] Viewers expressed desire for St. John to receive an Emmy nomination;[68] Frank Valentini, One Life to Live's executive producer, when asked by TV Guide which episode the show submitted for Emmy consideration, stated, "We submitted the 'Todd's execution' episode for best show."[69] While St. John was not nominated for an Emmy, the storyline surrounding "Todd's Execution" landed the show an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Drama Series,[65] and Towber was among one of the show's composers nominated in the Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction And Composition For A Drama Series category.[70][71]
Controversy
Rape and redemption
Though the Marty Saybrooke rape storyline was well-received, it was also criticized.[14] Opinions were given that it polarized "the gap between rapists and the raped".[14] There was concern that the show departed from the rape paradigm by not only insisting the essential "goodness" of Powell Lord, who had also raped Marty, but that it implied peer pressure "could be an adequate (or even physiologically possible) excuse for rape".[14] Additionally, Todd's redemption was controversial.[14][24] In his book Behold the Man: The Hype and Selling of Male Beauty in Media and Culture, Edisol Dotson suggests acceptance of Todd's redemption as significantly being due to the character's physical attractiveness. "Viewers found it in their hearts to forgive Todd his acts of rape and murder. Why? Fans of One Life to Live consider Todd attractive and sexy," stated Dotson. "Were Todd an ugly man, he would have never been forgiven, and female fans would not crowd the studio's backdoor shouting his name."[25]
In a June 1994 interview with TV Guide, Malone described the pattern of rapists redeemed as "the bond between the woman and violator". He stated that it is a great historical tradition in fiction and films, and cited actors such as Rudolph Valentino, Humphrey Bogart, Kirk Douglas, and Clark Gable, saying that they all began as totally irredeemable villains. "You certainly don't want to say that these women want to be raped or that they are drawn to violence, because that's not true," he said. "But they are responding to the intensity of passion and an actor who lets you inside the torment. Some [women] believe they can be swept up in that passion and still turn it good. They think, 'With me, he'd be different.'"[14] To this, the publisher of the article, Michael Logan, created controversy when he commented on Malone's analysis by stating that "there is a large contingent of American female soap viewers who find something very attractive about rapists".[14] The female viewers aware of Logan's rape comment were infuriated by it.[14] A woman from her r.a.t.s group criticized the argument. She stated that she did not like Todd because he is a rapist; she liked Todd because of Howarth's performance as the character.[14]
In 1995, Howarth left the role for the first time. Significantly brought on by Todd's redemption storyline, he said he had no desire to portray a redeemed Todd. In the October 24, 1995 Soap Opera Digest issue, he stated:
"In the beginning, the character of Todd was successful. I'll always be proud of this story, because it was the result of a real team effort. It was one of those spectacular times when the writer, producer, director, grips, engineers and actors were all on the same wavelength. Everybody was working toward a common goal. My task, at the time, was to show the humanity of someone who was basically inhuman. Todd wasn't one-dimensional, but he was definitely a serious psychopath. Todd was a serial rapist. He raped Carol Swift. Then, he raped Marty Saybrooke, and that rape was brutal, intense, violent and realistic. There were innuendos that he had raped other women before. He stalked Nora, he stalked and tried to rape Luna. [Then-Executive Producer] Linda Gottlieb told me with reasonable certainty that [One Life to Live] would not try to redeem Todd. So, I didn't think the character would change. Then about a year ago, it became clear to me that they were taking the characteron a different path - they were redeeming him. In my mind, I'd been hired to play Todd Manning, a very realistic, serious psychopath. But now, the powers-that-be wanted me to play Todd Lord. And the story of Todd Lord is not realistic - it's a fairy tale. I thought, 'It would be best for the show if I were to leave.' That's when I tendered my resignation."[16]
Howarth went on to say Todd and Marty suddenly bonding did not make sense and that he could not, in good conscience, promote the story of Todd Lord, who had become a likeable character. "If the rape had been an unrealistic, soapy thing, then it wouldn't matter. But because it was so in-depth and so brutal, to show Todd and Marty having drinks together in Rodi's - to show Marty feeling safe and comfortable with Todd - is bizarre," he said.[16] "People have come up to me and said, 'My 7-year-old loves you.' What do I say to that? I'm not going to tell them, 'Don't let your 7-year-old watch TV.' But I have to say, it's disturbing."[16][30] Howarth continued to leave and return to the role until his 2003 departure from the series, but ensured Todd was never fully redeemed.[56][57][58][59][60][61]
Merchandising
ABC executives viewed Todd as their main fictional bad guy, and felt that the idea of marketing him in the form of a toy would be promising. In 2002, they finally acted on this notion, and released a rag doll into their store based on the character but were thwarted by a backlash.[72] As did other news outlets, on May 6, 2002, The Stranger gave insight into the matter:
"Today the Associated Press reported on the messy merchandising mishap currently making waves at ABC. At the center of the mini-snafu is Todd Manning, a fictional character on ABC's never-say-die soap opera One Life To Live, portrayed by actor Roger Howarth. So popular was the character that ABC execs licensed and produced a collectible Todd Manning doll, selling the daytime-TV action figure through the network's online store for $19.95. But after only a few days, the Manning doll was unceremoniously yanked from the ABC site, with marketing execs citing Todd Manning's 'unsavory past' as the reason for the about-face. For those out of the soap opera loop, Manning's unsavory past includes one attempted murder and two attempted rapes, the latter of which left him with a menacing scar down his right cheek — a flaw lovingly reproduced on the Manning doll. 'We didn't exercise proper sensitivity to the history of the character of Todd,' said Sally Schoneboom, vice president of media and talent relations. 'We have reevaluated and decided not to sell the doll.'"[72][73]
The uproar started when The Jack Myers Report harshly criticized the network's judgment on creating and releasing the doll.[74] Bob Tedeschi of The New York Times stated, "In the charge toward e-commerce revenues, ABC learned a useful lesson last week: Don't try to sell cuddly rag dolls depicting homicidal rapists."[74]
Recast
Following Howarth's departure from the series in 2003, and Todd being recast, the character became the topic of controversy again; there was significant outcry from fans who felt that Todd Manning is a character who should never be recast. They voiced that Howarth would remain the "only Todd".[75] St. John, however, managed to engage a portion of the audience by integrating his own "spin" on the character, which subsequently gained him a significant One Life to Live fanbase.[75] This "spin" resulted in positive response from viewers who had come to accept St. John's portrayal. The soap opera media noticed as well.[63][64][62][76] Soap opera columnist Jill Berry professed her love for this new aspect of the character in her weekly commentary: "Trevor's Todd continues to impress me. He has given some sweetness to Todd that I find totally appealing," she said.[76]
In late 2006, with speculation that St. John would be departing from the series, rumors began to circulate that Howarth would be returning to the role. TV Guide sought to clear up the matter and questioned executive producer Valentini. "I can't really comment on contracts," Valentini stated. "I'll get in trouble. [Pause] I will say that we're doing our best to make sure that we do right by the audience."[69]
In 2007, TV Guide received official confirmation that Howarth would not be returning to the series. "The answer to the question," they stated, was "a resounding 'Nope!'"[77] What initially started the rumor of Howarth's return was the fact that Howarth and St. John were in the midst of contract negotiations at their individual shows. "It was widely speculated that Howarth could return as OLTL's Todd." To gauge the reactions of Howarth's possible return, TVGuide.com conducted a poll; an overwhelming 82 percent of voters wanted to see Howarth come back to portray Todd.[77] Daniel R. Coleridge of the website, however, disagreed with the results. "Perhaps I'm in the minority," he said, "but I absolutely adore Trevor St. John. His Todd is very cocky, arrogant and humorous in a sexy way that makes this Llanviewer wanna slap him — and then totally make out with him!"[77]
Teenagers manhandled
In March 2008, the audience witnessed "some of the most explosive and ugliest scenes ever broadcast on daytime" television when Todd beat up teenager Cole Thornhart (his daughter's boyfriend and Marty's son), and manhandled fellow teenagers Markko Rivera and Langston Wilde.[78] Viewers were outraged, and wanted Todd punished for his physical abuse of the minors.[79] According to Nelson Branco of TV Guide, head writer Ron Carlivati wanted to return Todd to his dark roots; part of that was showing Todd as a monster again.[78] "Carlivati chose to do something rather unique, bold and risky with one of his marquee characters. Instead of trying to sell [the audience] that Todd is a changed man, Carlivati essentially initiated a dialogue with the audience: 'You want to know how damaged this man is? I’ll show you — and it ain’t pretty.'"[78]
Within the series, Todd's physical altercation with Cole takes place on Starr Manning's birthday as Cole and Starr have finished having sex for the first time. Todd barges in "and [beats] the son of his rape victim relentlessly".[78] The attack turns Starr's "magical night" into one of the worst days of her life. Branco reasoned that what inflamed the situation upon Todd's arrival in witnessing the two in bed is Todd's inability to sometimes separate sex from violence.[78] Branco related that, due to this fault, Carlivati conveyed Todd as convinced that Cole had raped his daughter as karmic payback. "Todd, in that instance, became unhinged, paranoid, and out-of-control. Ripping into Langston for setting the rape in motion because 'she’s jealous Starr has parents, and wants Cole for herself.'"[78] During the scenes, when Starr insists that Cole did not rape her, Todd is in denial. He almost "reactively" hits Starr twice when she challenges him on these thoughts.[78] The scenes, though controversial,[79] were praised as "riveting".[78]
Romancing rape victim and rape revisited
In December 2007, Marty is thrown from a van during a crash. The van explodes, and Marty is presumed dead.[80][81] In June 2008, Todd discovers Marty alive, Marty now afflicted with amnesia and crippled since the crash; Todd subsequently starts to nurse her back to health. This interaction between the characters unnerved the audience,[82] as they witnessed Todd lying to Marty about her identity and her importance to the people she loves, Todd and Marty bonding, and Marty having a positive flashback of her recent interaction with Todd. Viewers speculated the writers would romantically pair the two.[82] Howarth was against the idea of romantically pairing Todd and Marty when he was in the role and sensed attempts to follow through with the notion.[8][16] Viewers subsequently became conflicted about whether or not they believed the writers would now follow through with the storyline.[82]
St. John felt the need to apologize following comments he made at an August 2008 Fan Club Luncheon. When asked about the controversial storyline involving Todd and Marty, St. John replied, "I'm all for gang rape." He issued the following apology to SOAPnet.com:
"I regret the way I responded to the question about the upcoming Todd and Marty storyline. It was meant in jest and I should know better than to ever try and make a joke about such a serious subject. I intended no disrepect and apologize to anyone I offended."[83]
In response to viewer concern about the direction the writers seemed to be taking the Todd and Marty bond, head writer Carlivati assured Soap Opera Digest that he would have never written this under different circumstances. He explained, "We're not talking about Marty with all her memories. She would never get close to Todd in any way. This is about a Marty who doesn't remember anything about him, and he starts to feel close to this new person and starts to feel this gratitude for the fact that she doesn't remember this horrible thing he did."[82] Carlivati added, "It is like this new chapter and this new arc. I don't think I would ever attempt to tell this relationship the way we're telling it if she knew who she was. I think that's a much different scenario. If we had Marty just come back to town and we started to build a relationship between the two of them...I can't imagine."[82]
Todd and Marty's relationship became based on a psychiatrist/patient dynamic and not something physical.[82] When asked if romance could be a possibility, Carlivati stated, "I'd like to watch it unfold a beat at a time, a day at a time, a week at a time and not have the audience jump to, 'Are they going to kiss? Are they going to fall in love? Are they going to sleep together?' The goal is more to take these two characters who have an unbelievable, dark history with each other and explore where it would or could go if they didn't have that obstacle — the rape — between them."[82] However, Carlivati further relayed that this obstacle is still there and that the audience would see close moments. The close moments included Todd helping Marty walk and physical contact between the two while he nursed her back to health.[82] "I think the thing about the two of them, the characters and the actors, is you feel a chemistry when they're just talking, so I don't necessarily categorize it as romantic," stated Carlivati.[82] "They're definitely forming a relationship and it continues to grow and build through the fall."[82]
Regarding viewer resistance to a romantic pairing between the two, Carlivati acknowledged, "I understand the initial impulse, but then again, I feel that action is more appropriate if we were telling a story where she had all of her memories. It's not that I don't get or understand the seriousness of putting these two characters together, but I don't think we're in any way damaging Marty's character."[82] Carlivati stated that "this is not the same Marty and, to [him], it's fascinating to watch because you're wondering if and when it is all going to come tumbling down".[82]
On September 5, 2008, Todd and Marty share a passionate kiss as Todd helps Marty walk.[84] Todd initiates the intimate contact, and viewers, as well as critics, argued that, given Todd's sexual intimacy issues, it was out of character for him to be as sexually bold towards Marty; Marty being his rape victim had been the main source of his sexual hangups.[8] On September 23, 2008, the show went further with intimacy between the two and almost had them engage in sex.[85] Todd eventually backs away from the contact, presumably due to his conscience.
In his September 29, 2008 article, TV Guide's Nelson Branco declared the soap opera in a "state of emergency" due to its insistence on going through with a Todd and Marty romance.[8] Critics and fans questioned whether the current head writer of the show was the same head writer who had successantly given the series good storylines just a year before.[8] In addition, the romance was speculated to be a ratings ploy, and Brian Frons, president of ABC Daytime, was speculated as having dictated which stories Carlivati wrote.[8] Romantically pairing Todd and Marty had been contemplated and proposed by several One Life to Live writers, even though the notion was considered career suicide.[8] Howarth and Susan Haskell's refusal to act out the storyline is what largely kept writers from going through with the story. Haskell, however, decided to return to the series as Marty in 2008, and had seemingly reconsidered the possibility of a Todd and Marty romance due to Carlivati's insistence that this was not the same Marty.[8] Branco stated, "Three weeks ago, Carlivati's risky and oh-so-reckless decision to turn the gold standard of rape stories — Michael Malone’s [1993] Emmy-winning gang-rape storyline — into a soap cliché culminated in a shocking, controversial and highly publicized kiss."[8] Expressing his dismay at One Life to Live's decision to turn Todd and Marty's relationship romantic, Branco stated:
...I’m afraid, it’s too late. After witnessing Todd play tongue hockey with Marty, I felt betrayed, hurt, and disgusted as a viewer. This storyline no longer resonates nor engages me. As Emmy-winning soap scribe Tom Casiello noted recently in one of his blogs, had Marty kissed Todd, and not the other way around… oh, what am I talking about? In my eyes, it wouldn’t have made an iota of difference. Sadly, that single kiss erased 16 years of story and character motivation/back-story from my soap-viewing history. In that depressing yet shocking moment, I realized I had wasted almost two decades investing — and believing — in this epic story.[8]
Before the original Todd and Marty story, soap opera writers seemed to consistently side with the rapist and not the rape victim.[8] This made the Marty Saybrooke rape storyline unique for the decade in which it was told. "Malone’s critically acclaimed gang-rape storyline truly resonates and engages the daytime community because the umbrella arc — which consisted of three acts: crime, justice, and atonement — wasn’t mined from a place of desperation, nor a desire for ratings. Malone’s opus was solely inspired with pure intentions and social purpose. The novelist boldly penned a character-rich story that was rooted in telling an honest and emotional study of a woman’s right to sexual freedom juxtaposed with a patriarchy destined to destroy it. And that’s why it worked."[8] In contrast, the Todd and Marty romance was viewed as not having made sense, as well as not having had a point.[8][11] It was argued that Todd would not initiate or engage in a misdeed which would not benefit him, and that he was haunted by his gang rape of Marty for years.[8][11] "He would have immediately seen the win-win situation in heroically saving Marty and giving her back to her friends and family."[8] Carlivati's Todd and Marty scenes resembled a daily therapy session, with Marty as the patient.[8] As Marty asks about the details of her rape, Todd reluctantly recounts the gang rape moment by moment to Marty as a storm brews outside, just as it had on the night he raped her but left left out the fact that he raped her.[8] Todd having been raped by Margaret Cochran also does not seem to induce any awareness on Todd's part for unfairly holding Marty captive.[8]
Marty's cleverness being downplayed during the Todd and Marty romance was also an issue. "According to the FBI, rape is the most violent thing that can happen to a person — next to murder."[8] Despite Todd having a new face, it is believed that people who have experienced a violent attack can attest that their bodies may heal but do not forget. "When encountered with similar circumstances your body immediately goes into fight or flight mode."[8] However, Marty spending time with Todd and hearing about the rape in his own words does not help restore her memory, aside from one subconscious flashback to her rape. In addition, Marty believes everything Todd tells her and disregards picking up a phone or Googling herself. On October 3, 2008, Marty finally looks up her rape on the Internet and sees the faces of her rapists, but Todd gets there before she can find out their names. Due to Todd's plastic surgery, Marty does not recognize that one of the rapists in the pictures is Todd. Todd is able to convince Marty to do no further research about her rape.[86]
Questions regarding the number of female One Life to Live viewers who have been raped and what kind of message One Life to Live was sending to their tween-girl demographic, a demographic they ranked #1 in, was noted.[8] Lynn Parrish, a RAINN (Rape, Abuse, & Incest National Network) spokesperson for America’s largest anti-sexual assault organization, said that she had never heard of a rapist and his victim falling in love and that if people are to believe a medium watched primarily by women and written for women, it is "as common as the winter cold". Parrish stated that One Life to Live did not contact RAINN before telling the 2008 Todd and Marty storyline, but that ABC agreed to air a rape-themed PSA in the near future.[8] Parish spoke of her feelings about the pairing. "There is nothing romantic about rape," she said. "Whoever writes a romance between a rapist and its victim under any circumstances clearly doesn’t understand rape nor violence — and probably shouldn’t be writing about it."[8]
On October 1, 2008, creator of the original Todd and Marty rape storyline, Malone, shared his thoughts with TV Guide regarding the Todd and Marty romance. "On one hand," Malone stated, "it surprises me because Ron has been a far more conventional soap writer than I was. He’s also a great lover of the form, and has worked in the form for a long time. Ron loves the conventions and traditions of the form. So, my first reaction is, I’m surprised."[13] Malone said that the character (Marty) having amnesia "literally erases the real moral consequences and the real spiritual journey Marty has embarked on. It’s like telling Othello he’s White and Desdemona doesn’t really die. Presumably, Marty will gain her memory, and what will happen? She will be horrified…"[13] Malone agreed that Todd had now "raped Marty in the worst possible way" but that this type of story [wasn’t] coming out of nowhere".[13] "In this genre," he said, "General Hospital's Luke and Laura have a long history. This kind of story is profoundly founded on hope, forgiveness and redemption. That’s why it goes to its most radical narrative position. That someone can forgive this ultimate crime is redemptive both for the person forgiven, and the forgiver."[13] Malone said he had faith in Carlivati's storytelling but that the story would have been different and possibly not romantic if he himself had been writing it. "Anyone can tell a story, and one of the reasons people mock soaps is because you can only read plot," he said. "Writing a story is about the depths of the character and the relationships of the character, and the beauty in which the story is told."[13]
On November 6, 2008, the writers followed through with their plan to have Todd engage in sex with Marty. As part of their agreement with RAINN, ABC aired a rape-themed PSA after the sex scene.[11][87] Viewers and critics were outraged by the show's decision to allow the sex scene, and called the scene the "second rape of Marty".[2][11][87] Not long after the scene, Marty discovers Todd as her rapist. Characters within the series, including Marty herself, interchangeably refer to the incident as rape and as "having had sex".[88] Despite, however, Todd and Marty's dark history, fans of the couple emerged; critics cited this as an irresponsible result of the storyline and the majority of these fans as young teenagers.[87] They called the storyline reprehensible.[87] Ed Martin of The Jack Myers Report said he had to agree with fans complaining about the storyline. "This tale, though well told, has been sickening given the history of these characters," said Martin.[11] "I don’t believe that sex between two adults can be mutually consenting when one of the people involved has no idea what’s really going on, and especially when one of the two is a depraved brute who previously attacked the other."[11] He added, "The writers had already established the inner conflict Todd was experiencing in the moments before he had sex with Marty. (He was even having flashbacks to the gang rape.) Rather than take her to bed, he should have broken down, confessed everything to her and taken her rage. There would have been no question at that time that Todd had indeed changed."[11]
In December 2008, Todd is officially charged with several crimes, including rape. The rape charges, as well as others, are eventually dropped when character Téa Delgado is allowed to question Marty at the hearing and subsequently "proves" the sex to be consensual, regardless of Marty's mental state.[88] However, On February 5, 2009, the series showcases Todd's admittance that the sex was indeed rape; the confession is made to Marty and others as Todd concurs Marty would have never been sexually intimate with him if not for her mental disability and his manipulation of her and that he now genuinely considers the act to have been rape.[89]
Though the romance received criticism, others spoke positively about the storyline, including one of the show's cast members. Kristen Alderson, who portrays Starr Manning, Todd's daughter on the series, remarked, "I loved the couple switch, how Marty was with Todd, and Blair was with John. I thought that they were all sweet couples, and I think they actually went well together — even though Todd and Marty’s was more twisted! But it was interesting, and it was a breath of fresh air for all the characters."[90]
St. John said that he decided not to make the determination of whether Todd was in love with Marty or not. "I decided to leave it to the audience," he said.[2] "Maybe Todd loves her in certain moments. Maybe in other moments, Todd just says he does. I played it like a high school crush. I thought it would be more fascinating if Todd was walking around as a contradiction in terms of his feelings for Marty. Sometimes it was put-on, and other times, it was Todd thinking."[2] He said that the relationship was always "fluctuating and evolving".[2]
Branco, who had severely criticized the storyline, stated that the payoff was worth the tense moments. "However obscene or depraved the riskiest storyline in recent memory was," he said, "the fallout has been shockingly riveting — thanks to the fact that head writer Ron Carlivati is playing all the psychological beats of Todd’s self-serving and criminal actions."[2] In addition, Branco gave credit to St. John. "Nominated for a 2009 Soap Opera Spirit Award as outstanding lead actor, St. John inarguably faced the most challenging assignment of any actor in 2008 — in any genre," said Branco.[2] "And yet, somehow, St. John made it work. In a lesser actor’s hands, the storyline most certainly would have resulted in career suicide for all involved."[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Why he has star potential". Soap Opera Weekly. 1993-09-21.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Branco, Nelson (2009-01-07). "Sexy Beast". TV Guide. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Sam Rappaport notes Todd's birth name in 1998.
- ^ Blair has had two miscarriages with Todd.
- ^ In 1998, Sam Rappaport repeatedly calls Todd "Boomer," his nickname for Todd as a child. He continues to occasionally use the nickname until his death in 2003.
- ^ a b c d The soap press and then viewers have referred to the character this way. "prince of darkness returns". About.com. 2000-06-01. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
- ^ a b c d e "About the Actors: Roger Howarth". soapcentral.com. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Branco, Nelson (2008-09-29). "FF: SOAP MALFUNCTION CURRENTLY IN PROGRESS OLTL: Raping Marty softly with his kiss". TV Guide. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Murray, Jesse (2008-06-06). "One Life to Live Next Week". SOAPnet.com. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ "Marty Saybrooke 101: Marty's Attack". SOAPnet. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Martin, Ed (2008-11-13). ""One Life to Live" Ignites New Rape controversy". jackmyers.com. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
- ^ a b c d e Elavsky, Cindy (2008-01-20). "Interview: It's good to be bad". tulsaworld.com.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Branco, Nelson (2008-10-01). "Shame and Prejudice: Mishandling sin on 'OLTL'". TV Guide. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Jennifer Hayward (1997). "Case Study: Redeeming the rapist". Consuming Pleasures: Active Audiences and Serial Fictions from Dickens to Soap Opera. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 174–183. ISBN 081312025X.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Michael Malone gave detailed interviews to website magnifmalonian. "Malone Q & A". magnifmalonian. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
- ^ a b c d e f Sloane Gaylin, Alison (1995-10-24). "Roger and Out". Soap Opera Digest.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i "Daytime's Most Fascinating Faces". Soap Opera Magazine. 1998-02-24.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Male Soap Opera Stars". Phil Donahue Show. 1994-05-17.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e In 1998, David Nichtern gave an exclusive interview via e-mail regarding his music compositions for One Life to Live. Harris, Marg (November 1998). "Making Music: Interview With OLTL Composer David Nichtern (Part I)". Retrieved 2007-08-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Harris, Marg. One Life to Live music history compiled over the years through numerous interviews and emails with show producers and fans (to 1999). Retrieved on 2009-07-14.
- ^ a b c d "Todd Finds True Love - With His Wife! (Téa)". Daytime Digest . October 1998.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Todd Manning 101: 1995". SOAPnet. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ a b c Hart, Marla (1994-07-19). "HOWARTH ISN'T OUT TO BE MR. NICE GUY". Chicago Tribune.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d Scodari, Christine. "Soap Operas". St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Edisol W. Dotson (1998, republished 1999). "Body Guide: Television". Behold the Man: The Hype and Selling of Male Beauty in Media and Culture. The Haworth Press, Inc., Routledge; 1 edition. p. 81. ISBN 1560239530.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h "Roger Howarth---The Other Side of Evil". Soap Opera Update. 1994-04-05.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Todd Manning 101: 1994". SOAPnet. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
- ^ a b c d e "Loving's ex-frat boy pledges OLTL". Soap Opera Digest. 1993-02-02.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j "August 1993 Roger Howarth interview". Soap Opera Weekly. 1993-08-10.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g "Roger Howarth (Paul, ATWT)". Soap Opera Digest. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "October 1994 Roger Howarth interview". Soap Opera Magazine. October 1994.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "1994 Roger Howarth interview". Soap Opera Digest. Late 1994.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|date=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g S. Keene, Irene (1998). "BASKING IN THE SUN: As OLTL's Briggs, Robert Hogan remains cool under Todd's fire". Soap Opera Weekly.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Todd to Officer Andy Harrison, after Todd is a suspect in the attempted rape of Rebecca: "You got it, Babe. You guys wouldn't know the truth if it jumped up and bit you in the badge." One Life to Live (1994). Retrieved on 2008-07-22.
- ^ Todd to Bo Buchanan, after being recaptured at the dance, when Bo asks Todd if there is anything they can get for him: "Yeah, I'm gonna need your address, so I can send you a Christmas card." One Life to Live (1994). Retrieved on 2008-07-22.
- ^ Todd to Victoria Lord: "It's amazing that you came out to be half-way normal. I mean, my life is totally screwed up, and Tina... WoHoa! She doesn't exactly have it all together." One Life to Live (1995). Retrieved on 2008-07-25.
- ^ Todd to Victoria Lord, when she suggests that he see her shrink, after his return from Ireland: "Look, you wanna be the poster child for the American Psychiatric Association, you go ahead... Me? I'll get a bottle of scotch and save a hundred bucks." One Life to Live (1996). Retrieved on 2008-07-22.
- ^ Todd to Marty Saybrooke, after his "return from the dead" and Ireland, when she asks him how he is back: "Beats the hell out of me....I guess when really bad people die, they go to Llanview." One Life to Live (1996). Retrieved on 2008-07-22.
- ^ Todd to Lindsay Rappaport as he is the child-like split personality "Tom" after Victoria Lord asks him if he knows Lindsay: "Yeah, sure...Sam's ex-wife! And I know why Coach left you, too! 'Cause you're a meany! You're nasty!" One Life to Live (1998). Retrieved on 2008-07-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Amazing Tails". Animal Planet. 1997.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b "OLTL Todd & Tea 1998: Dinner At The Sun". One Life to Live. 1998.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Todd and Téa Sleep Together". Soap Opera Weekly. 98-04-07.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|date=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Todd and Téa: Todd kicks Téa out into the cold, One Life to Live (1998-02-04). Retrieved on 2008-07-24.
- ^ Sam Rappaport and Victoria Lord discuss Peter Manning's likely rape of Todd on Todd's fourteenth birthday. This is further discussed throughout the year. One Life to Live (1998).
- ^ a b "THE YEAR IN SOAPS! THE BEST OF '98 PLUS PREVIEW '99". Soap Opera Update. 1998.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "What is your beauty/fashion/health resolution?". Soap Opera Weekly. 2003-12-30.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Kroll, Dan J (2003-07-27). "Michael Easton To Join OLTL Cast". SoapCentral.com. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ^ Dixon, Delaina. "Interview: Trevor St. John - Walker Laurence, One Life to Live". TV Guide. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Todd Manning biography". ABC.com. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
- ^ "Far from the Manning crowd". Soap Opera Weekly. 2004-01-17. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Oh my Todd!". Soap Opera Weekly. 2004-01-27. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "Todd mania". Soap Opera Digest. 1995.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f "Roger Howarth Appearance". Live with Regis and Kathie Lee. 1994.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Tough Man Todd Returns!". About.com. 2000-02-10. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
- ^ "Howarth's Worth". Soap Opera Digest. 1995-08-05.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "SOD Outstanding Performer of the Week". Soap Opera Digest. 1998-07-28.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b S. Keene, Irene (1998-08-31). "SOD Outstanding Performer of the Week". Soap Opera Digest.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Performer of the week, December 1998". Soap Opera Digest.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Performer of the week, March 2000". Soap Opera Digest.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Performer of the week, October 2000". Soap Opera Digest.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Performer of the week, March 2001". Soap Opera Digest.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c "Hit: Walker is Todd on OLTL". Soap Opera Weekly. 2003-09-16.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "SOD Performer of the Week". Soap Opera Digest. 2003-12-09.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Father Knows (Her) Best". Soap Opera Digest. Late 2003.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|date=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d "One Life To Live - NEWS ROOM". soaps.com. 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ Schwertfager, Richard (May 29 – June 2, 2006). "One Life to Live Recap for the week of May 29 - June 2, 2006". About.com. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ "One Life to Live (OLTL) - Todd's Execution Montage". 2006.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d "Todd's Execution". Soap Opera Digest. 2006.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b R. Coleridge, Daniel (2006-11-08). "Soap Dish with One Life to Live Honcho Frank Valentini". TV Guide.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "NOMINEES ANNOUNCED FOR THE 34TH ANNUAL DAYTIME ENTERTAINMENT EMMY AWARDS TODAY ON CBS NEWS' "THE EARLY SHOW" Released by CBS". thefutoncritic.com. 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
- ^ "Daytime Emmys nominations (part II)". Variety. 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "Todd Doll Gets Ragged On!". Soaps In Depth. 2002-06-11.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Schmader, David (2002-05-06). "Last Days: The Week in Review". The Stranger. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Tedeschi, Bob (2002-05-13). "E-Commerce Report; Recent snafus at the online shops of TV networks have barely dimmed the glow of merchandising on the Web". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b "The Replacements". Soap Opera Digest. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b ""Reflections by Jill" - A Weekly Commentary on One Life to Live". About.com. 2003-09-15. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
- ^ a b c R. Coleridge, Daniel (2007-04-12). "Will Roger Howarth Return to One Life to Live as Todd Manning?". TV Guide.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Branco, Nelson (2008-03-10). "REWIND: MASTER CLASS ACHIEVEMENTS. OLTL unleashes Todd the Monster". TV Guide. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Berry, Jill. "Reflections by Jill - A Weekly Commentary for OLTL". About.com. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ "Comings and Goings: Susan Haskell (Marty Saybrooke)". Soap Opera Digest, Vol. 33, No. 24. 2008-06-10.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ "One Life to Live recap". abc.com. 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "OLTL Scribe On A Todd And Marty Pairing. Todd and Marty are growing closer, despite their "dark" history". Soap Opera Digest. August 2008.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Giddens, Jamey (2008-08-18). "One Life to Live's St. John Apologizes for "Gang Rape" comments". Daytime Confidential. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Todd and Marty kiss:, One Life to Live (2008-09-05). Retrieved on 2008-09-05.
- ^ On September 23, 2008, Todd and Marty almost have sex. Afterwards, Todd tells Marty that he was age 20 in 1992 when they were in college together and had their first romantic encounter, One Life to Live (2008-09-23). Retrieved on 2008-09-23.
- ^ Amnesiac Marty sees her rapists' faces, One Life to Live (2008-10-03). Retrieved on 2008-10-03.
- ^ a b c d "DC #320: ABC A Madonna or a Whore". Daytime Confidential. 2008-11-06. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ a b Witnessed on air.
- ^ Todd admits that it was rape, One Life to Live (2009-02-05). Retrieved on 2009-02-05.
- ^ "ABC Soaps in Depth Interviews: A 2008 Reflection (Kristen Alderson)". Soaps In Depth. 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help)
Further reading
- Jennifer Hayward (1997). Consuming Pleasures: Active Audiences and Serial Fictions from Dickens to ... University Press of Kentucky. pp. 174–183. ISBN 081312025X.
{{cite book}}: External link in|title=
- Martha Fineman, Martha T. McCluskey (1997). Feminism, Media, and the Law. Oxford University Press US. p. 336. ISBN 0195096290.
{{cite book}}: External link in|title=
External links
- Todd Manning profile - ABC.com
- Todd Manning 101 - SOAPnet.com
- Todd Manning profile - SoapCentral.com
