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The Joshua Tree

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Untitled

The Joshua tree is the fifth studio album by rock band U2. Released 9 March 1987 on Island Records, it was produced by Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois. The album is influenced by Irish and American roots music and is derived from the band's "romance with America".[1] Written and recorded in Dublin in 1986, the band wanted to build on the atmospherics of the band's previous album, The Unforgettable Fire, but also sought a more hard-hitting sound within the strict discipline of more conventional song structures, in contrast to The Unforgettable Fire's often out-of-focus experimentation.

The album elevated the band "from heroes to superstars," according to Rolling Stone.[2] The album produced the hit singles "Where the Streets Have No Name", "With or Without You", and "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", all of which remain radio staples. The Joshua Tree won Grammy Awards for "Album of the Year" and "Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal" in Grammy Awards of 1988. In 2003, the album was ranked number 26 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". The album is one of the world's all-time best-selling albums, having sold over 25 million copies.[3] In 2007, a remastered version of the album was released to mark the 20th anniversary of its original release.

Background

The band began to think about a new album in mid-1985 following their release of their album The Unforgettable Fire the previous year and the completion of its accompanying tour.[4] The band felt disconnected from the dominant synthpop and New Wave music of the time.[5] U2 manager Paul McGuinness recounts that in the first half of the eighties, the band had spent up to five months a year touring in the United States and that The Joshua Tree came out of "the great romance" that the band had with America.[5]

At that time, U2 realised that they "had no tradition, we were from outer space", and they explored American blues, country and gospel music.[6] Since the release of The Unforgettable Fire, they had spent time with fellow Irish bands The Waterboys and Hothouse Flowers and felt a sense of indigenous Irish music being blended with American folk music.[7] New friendships with Bob Dylan, Van Morrison and Keith Richards encouraged the band to look back to the roots of rock music and focused lead vocalist Bono on his skills as a song and lyric writer.[8][9] The band wanted to build on The Unforgettable Fire's atmospherics, but also sought a more hard-hitting sound within the strict discipline of more conventional song structures, in contrast to The Unforgettable Fire's often out-of-focus experimentation.[10]

Recording and production

In late 1985, the band moved to drummer Larry Mullen, Jr.'s newly bought home to work on material created during The Unforgettable Fire tour. The resulting material included rough versions of what were to become "With or Without You", "Red Hill Mining Town", "Trip Through Your Wires", and a song called "Womanfish". Guitarist The Edge recalls it as a difficult period with a sense of "going nowhere", although Bono was set on "America" as a theme for the album.[11] In January 1986, U2 set up a studio in Danesmoate House in Dublin with the goal of using a new space to create atmosphere and inspiration, much like their use of Slane Castle for The Unforgettable Fire sessions in 1984;[12] bassist Adam Clayton later bought the house in 1987 and it remains his Dublin home. Subsequent sessions at STS Studios with Paul Barnett in Dublin saw further development of "With or Without You" and the genesis of "Bullet the Blue Sky".[11]

The band interrupted the writing sessions to join Amnesty International's A Conspiracy of Hope Tour in June 1986. Rather than being a distraction, the tour added extra intensity and power to the band's new music, providing focus on what they wanted to say.[13] The album sessions for The Joshua Tree proper began in July 1986 at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin.

The record was also influenced by blues music.[9] During recording sessions for the b-side "Silver and Gold", Bono and collaborator Keith Richards listened to blues music, country music, and American pop music from the 1950s.[9] These genres of music, combined with Bono's early influences, such as Patti Smith and Bob Dylan, had an effect on "Silver and Gold" and eventually The Joshua Tree.[9]

In his earlier 1986 travels to Central America, Bono saw first-hand the distress of peasants bullied in political conflicts, and this was a central influence on the album. The United States' military intervention in El Salvador angered Bono and prompted him to ask The Edge to "put El Salvador through an amplifier" for the song "Bullet the Blue Sky".[14][15] "Mothers of the Disappeared" was inspired by the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the mothers of the thousands of "disappeared" people who opposed the Videla and Galtieri coup d'état that overtook Argentina in 1976 and who were kidnapped, never to be seen again.[16]

The band concluded recording of the album in November 1986. In late December, U2 called in Steve Lillywhite to remix a few of the new songs, which he worked on into the new year.[17] In January 1987, the band complete B-side recordings for the album's single releases, which included the tracks "Walk to the Water", "Luminous Times", and "Spanish Eyes".[18] A song called "Birdland" was considered too good to be a B-side and was kept for later use;[18] in 2007, a re-recorded version was released with the 20th anniversary edition of the album as "Wave of Sorrow (Birdland)".

Composition

The album juxtaposes antipathy towards the United States, including anger at United States foreign policy in Central America, against the band's deep fascination with the country, its open spaces, freedom, and what it stood for.[19] The band wanted music with a sense of location, a "cinematic" quality. Its music and lyrics drew on imagery created by American writers the band had been reading.[20] The band had toured in the United States extensively, which influenced the band;[9] according to Bono, the album was inspired and influenced more by the country's geography, rather than its people.[9] Bono said he "...had to 'deal with' the United States and the way it was affecting me, because the United States' having such an effect on the world at the moment. On this record I had to deal with it on a political level for the first time, if in a subtle way."[9] Since Bono was trying to portray the both "mythic idea of America" and the "reality of America" on the album, the working title of the album was "The Two Americas".

"Where the Streets Have No Name" was conceived prior to one of the Joshua Tree recording sessions by guitarist The Edge.[21] Bono conceived the lyrics with the idea that one could determine a person's religion and income based on where they lived in Belfast. While recording the song as a band, however, U2 ran into difficulty. The song's frequent chord and time changes caused problems in playing the song correctly; the difficulty was so great that producer Brian Eno attempted to erase the track.[21][22] Mullen later said of the song, "It took so long to get that song right, it was difficult for us to make any sense of it. It only became a truly great song through playing live. On the record, musically, it's not half the song it is live."[21]

"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" grew from another song called "Under the Weather Girls", which co-producer Daniel Lanois didn't like, except Mullen's drum track and Clayton's bass line. These parts were used as the foundation of "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For". The development of the song saw the addition of such things as a subtle auto-pan effect added to one of The Edge's guitar overdubs and Bono, a tenor, singing in the upper register of his range to add to the feeling of spiritual yearning. Both Bono and The Edge have, in fact, called it a gospel song on numerous occasions.

"With or Without You" was released as the album's first single and is one of the band's most well-known songs. The song uses an effect called "infinite guitar", developed by Michael Brook, to infinitely sustain notes.

"Running to Stand Still" is a soft, slow, piano-based song about a heroin-addicted woman from the Ballymun Seven Towers area of Dublin.[23]

Release

A number of songs that were released as B-sides to singles from The Joshua Tree are thought to have been considered for a double-album version of The Joshua Tree. Though Bono was the most vocal proponent of this extended version of the album, The Edge successfully argued for the 11-track version that was ultimately released.[citation needed] "Spanish Eyes" and "Deep in the Heart" were released as B-sides to the "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" single. "Luminous Times (Hold on to Love)" and "Walk to the Water" were released as B-sides to the "With or Without You" single. "Sweetest Thing", "Silver and Gold", and "Race Against Time" were released as B-sides to the "Where the Streets Have No Name" single.

In mid-December 1986, U2 travelled around the Californian desert with photographer Anton Corbijn and sleeve designer Steve Averill shooting pictures in the desert landscape for the new album's cover.[17] On the evening after the first day's shooting, Corbijn told the band about Joshua Trees and suggested their use on the sleeve. The following day, they found an lone-standing tree, unusual since Joshua trees are usually found together in clusters. Images of this tree appear on the album sleeve and the band decided to name the album "The Joshua Tree".[5] Corbijn later recounted the photo shoot in Death Valley, California; "This is the most serious set of shots I have taken of U2 and they became my most well-known photographs at the time. It was taken with a panoramic camera to take more of the landscapes in which was the main idea of the shoot: man and environment, the Irish in America."[25]

The Joshua Tree was released on 9 March 1987. In 2007, a 20th anniversary edition of the album was released, featuring remastered tracks, along with B-sides and rarities. Four different formats of the remaster were made available.

Singles

"With or Without You" and the rhythmic gospel "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" were released as singles internationally and quickly went to #1 in the U.S. "Where the Streets Have No Name" was also successfully released. "In God's Country" was released as a fourth single in North America with modest success, while "One Tree Hill" was released as a fourth single in Australia and New Zealand.[26] Initially slated as a single release, "Red Hill Mining Town" was the only track from the album not played on the tour. Bono has suggested that the song's high notes put too much strain on his voice.[27] The four 7-inch vinyl singles released in the US from The Joshua Tree all contained two previously unreleased songs on their b-sides. These singles were pressed in the unusual format of 45 rpm for the main song on the a-sides, and 33 rpm, which allowed for two full songs, on the b-sides.

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Pitchfork Media(8.9/10) [28]
NME [29]
The Phoenix [30]
IGN(9.7/10) [31]
Allmusic [32]
The Times [33]
Uncut [34]
Christianity Today [35]
Rolling Stone [36]
Washington Post(favorable) [37]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[38]
BBC Music(favourable)[39]
The Boston Globe(favourable)[40]
Robert Christgau(B)[41]
Q[42]
Rolling Stone(favourable) [43]
Slant[44]
Sputnikmusic[45]
Time(favourable)[46]

Critical reception to The Joshua Tree was extremely positive. Rolling Stone magazine gave the album a very favourable review, stating, "For a band that's always specialized in inspirational, larger-than-life gestures – a band utterly determined to be Important – The Joshua Tree could be the big one, and that's precisely what it sounds like."[43] The review described the album's sound as "wed[ding] the diverse textures of The Unforgettable Fire to fully formed songs, many of them as aggressive as the hits on War". Steve Morse of The Boston Globe echoed these sentiments in his review, stating "It's another spiritual progress report, enwrapped in music that strikes a healthy balance between the lushness of their last album, 1984's The Unforgettable Fire, and the more volcanic rock of their early years." Morse called it "their most challenging work to date" and the "most rewarding rock record of the new year".[40] Q gave the album a rating of five-stars, noting that "their reinvention of stadium rock sounds as impassioned as ever" and that the album strikes "a finely balanced mix of intimacy and power".[42] In Time's cover story on U2, the magazine called the album the band's best, commenting that it had both commercial and thematic depth.[46] Allmusic and Sputnikmusic also gave the album perfect five-star scores.

Upon its release, The Joshua Tree debuted at #1 in the UK and for the first time it reached the top of the charts in the U.S. U2 became the fourth rock band to be featured on the cover of Time magazine (following The Beatles, The Band, and The Who), who declared that U2 was "Rock's Hottest Ticket".[47] The Joshua Tree won U2 their first two Grammy Awards, with the band receiving honors for "Album of the Year" and "Best Rock Performance By a Duo or Group With Vocal".[48][49] According to U.S. Recording Industry sales figures, as of January 2005, The Joshua Tree ranks as the 89th best-selling album of all-time in the U.S.[50] and, as of 2006, the 26th best-selling album in the U.K..[51] The album has sold 10 million copies in the United States alone[52] and more than 25 million copies worldwide. It remains the band's best-selling album.[3]

The Joshua Tree is often cited as one of the greatest albums in rock history.

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
ABC Television Australia My Favourite Album[53] 2006 10
Channel 4 United Kingdom 100 Greatest Albums[54] 2008 2
CCM Magazine United States The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music 2001 6
Hot Press Ireland 100 Greatest Albums Ever[55] 2006 11
National Association of Recording Merchandisers United States The Definitive 200[56] 2003 5
Q United Kingdom Q Readers All Time Top 100 Albums[57] 1998 23
Q United Kingdom 40 Best Albums of the 1980s[58] 2006 1
Rolling Stone United States The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 2003 26
Rolling Stone United States The 100 Greatest Albums of the 80's 1989 3
Time United States The All-Time 100 Albums[59] 2006 -
VH1 United States 100 Greatest Albums of Rock & Roll[60] 2001 15

The Joshua Tree Tour

Main article: The Joshua Tree Tour

In support of the album, the band launched The Joshua Tree Tour. Consisting of three legs and a total of 111 shows, the tour took the band to arenas and stadiums worldwide from April 1987 to December 1987. Until the release of The Joshua Tree, U2 had proportionally been a more successful as a live act than as a record selling act.[5] The album brought U2 to a new level of mega-stardom, as the tour sold out arenas and stadiums around the world, the first time the band had consistently played venues of that size.[61] Performances of the third leg were recorded for the 1988 motion picture Rattle and Hum.

Track listing

All tracks are written by U2, with lyrics by Bono

No.TitleLength
1."Where the Streets Have No Name"5:38
2."I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"4:38
3."With or Without You"4:56
4."Bullet the Blue Sky"4:32
5."Running to Stand Still"4:18
6."Red Hill Mining Town"4:54
7."In God's Country"2:57
8."Trip Through Your Wires"3:33
9."One Tree Hill"5:23
10."Exit"4:13
11."Mothers of the Disappeared"5:12
Total length:50:14

The order of the songs in the track listing was devised by singer Kirsty MacColl. MacColl, wife of producer Steve Lillywhite, was brought into the studio one day as the album was being mixed, and was asked to come up with an order for the songs on the album, beginning with "Where the Streets Have No Name" and ending with "Mothers of the Disappeared". She listened to the songs and created a track listing simply by putting the songs in order of her favourites. The band felt that her ordering of the songs, despite being a listing of her favorites, was an excellent sequence for the album.[62]

The original CD pressings of the album by BMG Music Club incorrectly indexed the ending of "One Tree Hill" at 4:43 and the beginning of "Exit" at 4:53. This is because a final, quieter stanza of "One Tree Hill" ("Oh, great ocean...") occurs once the song has died down and apparently ended and when BMG Music Club produced their own glass master, they incorrectly shifted the start of "Exit" back. As a result, owners of a BMG Music Club release of The Joshua Tree thought the stanza was the beginning of "Exit", even though it completely contrasts in tone with "Exit" and features lyrics similar to the chorus of "One Tree Hill". This error has been corrected on BMG's later editions of the album.

In 1996, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab remastered the album and released it as a special gold CD. This edition has slightly different running times from the Island CD editions, and features an alternate edit of "Mothers of the Disappeared" in which the repeating synthesizer rhythm pattern briefly rises in volume just before the song fades out completely; this recurrence is not audible on the Island CDs. (The 2007 re-issue CD remastered under the supervision of The Edge also features this edit, suggesting that it may represent the band's original intent.)

20th anniversary edition

Untitled

On November 20, 2007, a 20th anniversary edition of The Joshua Tree was released,[63] with a release in other regions following on 3 December 2007.

The album was released in four different formats:[64]

  • CD format: remastered album on CD
  • Deluxe format: remastered album on CD, bonus CD with b-sides and rarities from The Joshua Tree sessions, and a 36-page booklet
  • Box set edition: remastered album on CD, bonus CD with b-sides and rarities from The Joshua Tree sessions, bonus DVD with a concert from the Joshua Tree Tour and other videos, and a 56-page hardback book. The DVD also features an easter egg section, which contains a Dalton Brothers performance from Los Angeles, filmed on 18 November 1987.
  • Double vinyl edition: remastered album on two 180 Gram virgin vinyl gramophone records and pressed at Nashville's historic United Record Pressing. It includes a 16-page booklet.

Bonus CD

No.TitleNotesLength
1."Luminous Times (Hold on to Love)"B-side from "With or Without You" single4:35
2."Walk to the Water"B-side from "With or Without You" single4:49
3."Spanish Eyes"B-side from "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" single3:16
4."Deep in the Heart"B-side from "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" single4:31
5."Silver and Gold"B-side from "Where the Streets Have No Name" single4:38
6."Sweetest Thing"B-side from "Where the Streets Have No Name" single3:05
7."Race Against Time"B-side from "Where the Streets Have No Name" single4:03
8."Where the Streets Have No Name" (Single edit)A-side from "Where the Streets Have No Name" single4:50
9."Silver and Gold" (Sun City)From Sun City compilation album4:43
10."Beautiful Ghost/Introduction to Songs of Experience"From Unreleased & Rare compilation from The Complete U2 digital box set3:56
11."Wave of Sorrow (Birdland)"Unfinished song from The Joshua Tree sessions; rewritten and recorded in 20074:06
12."Desert of Our Love"Demo from The Joshua Tree sessions4:59
13."Rise Up"Demo from The Joshua Tree sessions4:08
14."Drunk Chicken/America"Demo from The Joshua Tree sessions1:31
Total length:57:04

Bonus DVD

Charts and certifications

Personnel

U2
Additional personnel

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Paul McGuinness (1998). Classic Albums: The Joshua Tree (Television documentary). Rajon Vision.
  2. ^ Gardner, Elysa (1994). U2: The Rolling Stone Files. New York: Rolling Stone Magazine. pp. xx. ISBN ISBN 0-283-06239-8. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  3. ^ a b "The Joshua Tree". Virgin. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
  4. ^ McCormick (2006), p. 172; King and Nuala (1998)
  5. ^ a b c d King and Nuala (1998)
  6. ^ Bono in McCormick (2006), p.169
  7. ^ McCormick (2006), p.172
  8. ^ McCormick (2006), p.179
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "The Joshua Tree". Propaganda, issue 5. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
  10. ^ DeCurtis, Anthony (27 March 1987). "U2 Releases The Joshua Tree". Rolling Stone. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) cited in Gardner, Elysa (ed) (1994), U2: The Rolling Stone Files, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, ISBN 0-283-06239-8 {{citation}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ a b McCormick (2006), p. 172.
  12. ^ McGee (2008), p. 93.
  13. ^ McCormick (2006), p.174
  14. ^ Greer, Miranda (2008-11-20). "U2 Lists: Top 10 Political U2 Songs". @U2. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
  15. ^ "U2" episode of VH1's Legends.
  16. ^ McCormick (2006)
  17. ^ a b McGee (2008), p. 98.
  18. ^ a b McGee (2008), p. 99.
  19. ^ McCormick (2006), p.186
  20. ^ Graham, Bill (2004). U2: the Complete Guide to their Music. Omnibus Press. pp. 27–30. ISBN 0-7119-9886-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b c Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, Larry Mullen Jr. (2006). Neil McCormick (ed.). U2 by U2. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060776757.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Rock's Near Misses". Retrieved 2007-10-15.
  23. ^ ""A Social History of U2 1976-2005"". The Dubliner. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
  24. ^ My Two Visits to U2's Joshua Tree
  25. ^ "Corbijn_U2". anton corbijn. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  26. ^ "One Tree Hill". U2 Wanderer. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
  27. ^ U2 FAQs.com, Song/Lyrics FAQ
  28. ^ Pitchfork Media Review
  29. ^ NME Review
  30. ^ The Phoenix Review
  31. ^ IGN Review
  32. ^ Allmusic Review
  33. ^ The Times Review
  34. ^ Uncut Review
  35. ^ Christianity Today Review
  36. ^ Rolling Stone Review
  37. ^ Washington Post Review
  38. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Joshua Tree - Overview". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  39. ^ Jones, Chris (2007-12-06). "Review of U2 - The Joshua Tree". BBC Music. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  40. ^ a b Morse, Steve (1987-03-08). "U2's 'The Joshua Tree': A spiritual progress report". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2009-12-02. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  41. ^ "U2 - Consumer Guide Reviews". Robert Christgau. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
  42. ^ a b "Music: The Joshua Tree". Tower Records. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  43. ^ a b Pond, Steve (1987-04-09). "U2: The Joshua Tree: Music Reviews". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2009-12-02. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  44. ^ Newlin, Jimmy (2007-11-18). "U2: The Joshua Tree - Music Review". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2009-12-02. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  45. ^ Hartwig, Andrew (2005-01-14). "U2 - The Joshua Tree Review". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 2009-12-02.
  46. ^ a b "U2: Band on the Run". Time. 1987-04-27. Retrieved 2009-12-24. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  47. ^ "Rock's Hottest Ticket" Time Magazine Archive, April 1987. Retrieved on 20 January 2007.
  48. ^ GRAMMY Winners List grammy.com. Retrieved 4 December 2006.
  49. ^ Pond, Steve (9 April 1987). "The Joshua Tree Album Review". Rolling Stone. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  50. ^ "Best-selling records_US". ClassicBands.com. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  51. ^ "Best Selling Albums Ever - UK". Phil Brodie Band. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
  52. ^ a b Top 100 Albums. RIAA.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-15
  53. ^ "My Favourite Album". ABC Television. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  54. ^ "The 100 Greatest Albums". Channel 4. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  55. ^ "100 Greatest Albums Ever". Hot Press. 2006-04-19.
  56. ^ "Definitive 200". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2009-12-27.
  57. ^ "A Selection Of Lists From Q Magazine". rocklistmusic.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  58. ^ Music That Changed The World "Q lists - The Music That Changed the World". Rock List Music. 2009-09-11. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  59. ^ Tyrangiel, Josh (2006-11-13). "The All-Time 100 Albums: The Joshua Tree". Time. Retrieved 2009-09-11. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  60. ^ "VH1's '100 Greatest Albums of Rock & Roll' Ranks the Beatles' 'Revolver' at #1 In All-New Special, Premiering January 15-19 at 10:00 P.M. (ET/PT)". prnewswire.com. 2001-01-05. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
  61. ^ The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All-Time Rollingstone.com. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
  62. ^ McCormick (2006), p. 185
  63. ^ U2's 'Joshua Tree' Blooms Again
  64. ^ The Joshua Tree 2007. U2.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
  65. ^ a b c d e f "1ste Ultratop-hitquiz". Ultratop. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
  66. ^ "Gold & Platin" (in German). International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (Austria). Retrieved 2010-01-13. Note: Album must be searched manually.
  67. ^ "Search Results: The Joshua Tree". RPM. 1987-04-11. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  68. ^ a b "CRIA Certification Results: U2". Canadian Recording Industry Association. 1987-10-28. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  69. ^ a b "Kulta - ja platinalevyt" (in Finnish). IFPI Finland. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
  70. ^ a b "Les Certifications" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved 2010-01-13. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
  71. ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank" (in German). IFPI (Germany). Archived from the original on 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
  72. ^ "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Archived from the original on 2010-01-13.
  73. ^ "Goud/Platina" (in Dutch). NVPI. Archived from the original on 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
  74. ^ "U2 albums". Everyhit.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
  75. ^ "Certified Awards Search". BPI. Retrieved 2010-01-13. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
  76. ^ a b c "U2: Charts and Awards". Allmusic. Retrieved 2010-01-23. Cite error: The named reference "Allmusic Chart" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  77. ^ "Search the charts". Irishcharts.ie. Retrieved 2009-10-29. Note: U2 must be searched manually
  78. ^ "RPM: Introduction". RPM. Retrieved 2010-01-13. Note: Songs must be searched manually.
  79. ^ "U2 singles". Everyhit.com. Retrieved 2009-10-29. Note: U2 must be searched manually.
    "Chart Stats - UK Singles & Albums". ChartStats.com. Retrieved 2010-01-14. Note: U2 must be searched manually.

References

  • McCormick, Neil (ed), (2006). U2 by U2. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-00-719668-7
  • McGee, Matt (2008). U2:A Diary. Omnibus Press. ISBN ISBN 978-1-84772-108-2. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Philip King and Nuala O'Connor (directors) (1998). Classic Albums: U2 The Joshua Tree (TV-documentary). Eagle Rock Entertainment.
Preceded by Billboard 200 number-one album
25 April - 26 June 1987 		Succeeded by
Preceded by UK number one album
21 March 1987 – 3 April 1987 		Succeeded by
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