Kim Campbell

For the American military pilot, see Kim Campbell (pilot). For the fictional British television character, see Kim Campbell (Waterloo Road).

The Right Honourable Kim Campbell PC CC QC LLD (hc) LLB
File:Kim Campbell head shot.jpg
19th Prime Minister of Canada
In office June 25, 1993 – November 4, 1993
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Preceded by	Brian Mulroney
Succeeded by	Jean Chrétien
30th Minister of National Defence
In office January 4, 1993 – June 24, 1993
Prime Minister	Brian Mulroney
Preceded by	Marcel Masse
42nd Minister of Justice
In office February 23, 1990 – January 3, 1993
Prime Minister	Brian Mulroney
Preceded by	Doug Lewis
Succeeded by	Pierre Blais
15th Minister of Veterans Affairs
In office January 4, 1993 – June 24, 1993
Prime Minister	Brian Mulroney
Preceded by	Gerald Merrithew
Succeeded by	Peter McCreath
Minister Responsible for Federal-Provincial Relations
In office 1993
Prime Minister	Brian Mulroney
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	Marcel Massé Minister for Intergovernmental Affairs
Minister of State for Indian Affairs and Northern Development
In office 1989–1990
Prime Minister	Brian Mulroney
Preceded by	Bernard Valcourt
Succeeded by	Shirley Martin
Member of Parliament for Vancouver Centre
In office 1988–1993
Preceded by	Pat Carney
Succeeded by	Hedy Fry
MLA for Vancouver-Point Grey (Multiple Member District)
In office 1986–1988 Serving with Darlene Marzari
Preceded by	Pat McGeer and Garde Gardom
Succeeded by	Tom Perry
Personal details
Born	(1947-03-10) March 10, 1947 Port Alberni, British Columbia
Political party	Progressive Conservative
Other political affiliations	British Columbia Social Credit
Spouse(s)	Nathan Divinsky - Divorced, Howard Eddy - Divorced, Hershey Felder - Common Law Spouse
Children	None
Residence	Paris, France
Alma mater	University of British Columbia London School of Economics
Profession	Lawyer, Academic
Cabinet	Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (1989-1990), Minister of Justice (1990-1993), Minister of National Defence (1993), Minister of Veterans Affairs (1993), Minister responsible for Federal-Provincial Relations (1993)
Signature

Avril Phaedra Douglas "Kim" Campbell, PC, CC, QC (born March 10, 1947) is a Canadian politician who was the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993 (132 days). Campbell was the first and to date the only female Prime Minister of Canada, the first baby boomer to hold that office and the first to have been born in British Columbia.

Personal background

Campbell was born in Port Alberni, British Columbia to George Thomas Campbell (1920–2002) and Phyllis "Lisa" Cook. Her mother left the family when Campbell was 12, leaving Kim and her sister Alix to be raised by their father. As a teenager, Campbell permanently nicknamed herself Kim, perhaps for actress Kim Novak, as well as because "Kim" resembles the first syllable of Campbell when said in a Highlander accent.

While in her pre-teens, Campbell was a host and reporter on the CBC children's program Junior Television Clubhttp://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-2084-12975/politics_economy/kim_campbell/clip1 Introducing Avril Campbell - Kim Campbell, First and Foremost - CBC Archives]</ref>

Campbell returned to lecturing in political science for a few years, this time at Harvard University. It was rumored she was to be moved to Moscow as the ambassador to Russia. Then, in 1996, the Liberal government that had defeated Campbell's appointed her Consul General to Los Angeles, a post in which she remained until 2000.

She published an autobiography, Time and Chance, (ISBN 0-770-42738-3) in 1996. The book became a national bestseller in Canada and is currently in its 3rd edition from the University of Alberta Press (ISBN 000010132x).

In 1997, Campbell collaborated with her third husband, composer, playwright and actor Hershey Felder, on the production of a musical, Noah's Ark in Los Angeles. From 2001 to 2004, she lectured at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She continues as an Honorary Fellow at the Center for Public Leadership at the Kennedy School. She also is the director of several publicly traded companies in high technology and biotechnology.

From 1999 to 2003, she chaired the Council of Women World Leaders, a network of women who hold or have held the office of president or prime minister. She was succeeded by former Irish President Mary Robinson. From 2003 until 2005 she served as President of the International Women's Forum, a global organization of women of preeminent achievement whose headquarters is in Washington, D.C.

Campbell serves on the Board of the International Crisis Group and the Forum of Federations, and is on the advisory bodies of many international organizations. In 2004, she was included in the list of 50 most important political leaders in history in the Almanac of World History compiled by the National Geographic Society. She was cited for her status as the only woman head of government of a North American country (defined variously), but controversy ensued among academics in Canada over the merit of this honor since her brief term in office was marked by very few, if any, major political accomplishments.

She was a founding member of the Club of Madrid, an independent organization whose main purpose is to strengthen democracy in the world. Its membership is by invitation only and consists of former Heads of State and Government. In 2004, Campbell assumed the role of Secretary General of the organization.

File:Kim Campbell official portrait.jpg

Official House of Commons portrait.

On November 30, 2004, Campbell's official portrait for the parliamentary Prime Minister's gallery was unveiled. The painting was created by Victoria, British Columbia artist David Goatley. Campbell said she was "deeply honored" to be the only woman to have her picture in the Prime Ministers' corridor, stating: "I really look forward to the day when there are many other female faces." The painting shows a pensive Campbell sitting on a chair with richly colored Haida capes and robes in the background, symbolizing her time as a cabinet minister and as an academic. The unveiling took place amidst protests against President George W. Bush's state visit to Canada.

During the 2006 election campaign, Campbell endorsed the candidacy of Tony Fogarassy, the Conservative candidate in Campbell's former riding of Vancouver Centre. Campbell also clarified to reporters that she is a supporter of the new Conservative Party. Fogarassy lost the election, placing a distant third.

Campbell now lives in Paris, France and recently joined the Board of Trustees of the Ukrainian Foundation for Effective Governance, an NGO formed in September 2007 with the aid of Ukrainian businessman Rinat Akhmetov.

Whilst testifying in April 2009 at the Mulroney-Schreiber Airbus inquiry, Campbell said she still follows Canadian politics "intermittently."

Legacy

File:Kim Campbell with other PMs.jpg

Kim Campbell, with Former Prime Ministers, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Jean Chrétien, Joe Clark

As Justice Minister, Campbell brought about a new rape law that clarified sexual assault and whose passage firmly entrenched that in cases involving sexual assault, "no means no." She also introduced the rape shield law, legislation that protects a person's sexual past from being explored during trial. While Campbell had little time to usher in legislation during her four months as Prime Minister, she did implement radical changes to the structure of the Canadian government. Under her tenure, the federal cabinet's size was cut from over 75 cabinet ministers and ministers of state to 23. The number of cabinet committees was reduced from 11 to five. Her successors have continued to keep the size of the federal Cabinet to approximately 30 members. She was also the first prime minister to convene a First Ministers' conference for consultation prior to representing Canada at the G7 Summit. Due to her brief time in office, Campbell holds a unique spot among Canadian prime ministers in that she made no Senate appointments.

Campbell has harshly criticized Mulroney for not allowing her to succeed him before June 1993. In her view, when she finally became prime minister, she had very little time or chance to make up ground on the Liberals once her initial popularity faded. In her memoirs, Time and Chance as well as her response to The Secret Mulroney Tapes, Campbell even suggested that Mulroney knew the Tories would be defeated in the upcoming election, and wanted a "scapegoat who would bear the burden of his unpopularity" rather than a viable successor. The cause of the 1993 debacle remains disputed, with some arguing that the election results were a vote against Mulroney rather than a rejection of Campbell, and others suggesting that the poorly run Campbell campaign was the key factor in the result.

Although the Progressive Conservatives survived as a distinct political party for another decade after the 1993 debacle, they never recovered their previous standing. During that period they were led by Jean Charest (1993-1998), Elsie Wayne (1998) and then, for the second time, by Joe Clark (1998-2003) (who had been Opposition Leader and briefly Prime Minister 20 years earlier). By 2003, the party under new leader Peter MacKay had voted to merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the Conservative Party of Canada, thus formally ceasing to exist. Joe Clark continued to sit as a "Progressive Conservative" into 2004, and the new brand of right-leaning Conservatives gained power in the election of 2006, thus the "Tory" nickname lives on in the federal politics of Canada. A PC "rump" caucus continues to exist in the Senate of Canada, and consists of Clark, Mulroney and Paul Martin appointees.

Campbell remains one of the youngest women to have ever assumed the office of Prime Minister in any country, and thus also one of the youngest to have left the office.

Campbell was ranked #20 out of the first 20 Prime Ministers of Canada (through Jean Chrétien) by a survey of Canadian historians used by J.L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer in their book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders.

She has appeared on the CBC Television program Canada's Next Great Prime Minister, a show which profiles and selects young prospective leaders.

Honours

According to Canadian protocol, as a former Prime Minister, she is styled "The Right Honourable" for life.

• Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
• Queen's Counsel
• 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal
• Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
• Honorary Fellow of the London School of Economics
• Honorary Fellow of the Center for Public Leadership, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
• Member of the Club of Madrid.
• Appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada on Canada Day 2008

Honorary degrees

• The Law Society of Upper Canada (LL.D) (1991)
• Brock University (LL.D) (1998)
• Northeastern University, Boston (DPS) (1999)
• University of British Columbia (LL.D) (November 23, 2000)
• Mount Holyoke College (LL.D) (2004)
• Chatham College (LL.D) (2005)
• Arizona State University (D.Litt) (December 2005)

Arms

Coat of arms of Kim Campbell

Notes The arms of Kim Campbell consist of: Crest Upon a helmet mantled Azure doubled Or within a wreath of these colours issuant from a coronet the rim set with thistle heads Or on snowy mountain peaks Proper an eagle Azure head Argent its dexter leg resting on a closed book Rose clasped Or. Escutcheon Or the universal symbol for a woman pendant from its crosspiece a pair of scales Rose and in base three bars wavy Azure on a canton the mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada (Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules). Supporters Dexter a lion Or semé of fleurs-de-lys Azure gorged with a collar of poppy flowers Gules its dexter foreclaw resting on the pommel of a sheathed sword point downwards Azure embellished Or sinister a female bear Or semé of anchors Azure gorged with a like collar its dexter forepaw grasping a branch of cedar Vert embellished Or. Compartment On a grassy mound set with dogwood flowers, trillium flowers and Mayflowers Proper and pine cones Or rising above barry wavy Argent and Azure. Motto Seek Wisdom, Conquer Fear, Do Justice Other elements Mantling Or and Azure.

See also

• Time and Chance (book)

External links

• Official Blog of the Right Honourable Kim Campbell
• Official Website of the Right Honourable Kim Campbell
• Political Biography from the Library of Parliament
• Biography from the Kennedy School of Government
• 2004 commencement speech, Mount Holyoke College
• Grace Stewart, Heather. "Kim Campbell: the keener who broke down barriers" (2007) ISBN 978-0-9736407-0-0 Jackfruit Press, http://www.jackfruitpress.com
• Granatstein, J.L. and Hillmer, Norman. Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders. Toronto: HarperCollinsPublihersLtd., 1999. ISBN 0-00-200027-X.
• CBC Digital Archives – Kim Campbell, First and Foremost
• Official page of the documentary film "Kim Campbell:Through the Looking Glass"
• Kim Campbell at IMDb