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This article is about the radio personality. For the attorney, see Howard K. Stern.
Howard Stern
Howard Stern in 2000.
Born
Howard Allan Stern

(1954-01-12) January 12, 1954 (age 70)
Jackson Heights, New York, United States
Occupation(s)Radio personality, television host, author, actor
Years active1975–present
Spouse(s)Alison Berns (1978–2001; div.)
Beth Ostrosky (2008–present)
Websitehttp://www.howardstern.com

Howard Allan Stern (born January 12, 1954) is an American radio personality, humorist, television host, author and actor, best known for his long-running radio show, The Howard Stern Show. He gained national recognition in the 1990s on "terrestrial" radio while being labelled a "shock jock" for his outspoken and sometimes controversial style. Stern has been exclusive to Sirius XM Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service, since 2006.

Stern developed an interest in radio at the age of five. While at Boston University, he worked at the campus station WTBU before a short stint in 1975 at WNTN. He developed his on-air personality from 1976 to 1981 at WRNW in Briarcliff Manor, WCCC in Hartford, WWWW in Detroit and WWDC in Washington, D.C., where he was paired with his current newscaster and co-host Robin Quivers. In 1982, Stern moved to WNBC in New York City to work afternoons until his firing in 1985. He soon returned on WXRK, where he hosted one of the most popular radio programs until leaving for Sirius XM in December 2005. At its peak, The Howard Stern Show aired in 60 markets to an audience of 20 million listeners. It was the top-rated morning show in the New York area between 1994 and 2001. An eight-time winner of Billboard's Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year award, Stern is the highest-paid radio figure in the United States.[1] He is also the most fined, after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) had issued fines to station licensees over alleged indecency that totalled $2.5 million.

Stern describes himself as the "King of All Media" for his successes outside radio. Since 1987, he has hosted numerous late night television shows, pay-per-view events and home video releases. He embarked on a five-month political campaign for Governor of New York in 1994. His two books, Private Parts (1993) and Miss America (1995), spent 20 and 16 weeks respectively on The New York Times Best Seller list. The former was adapted into Private Parts (1997), a biographical comedy film starring Stern and his radio show staff that grossed $41.2 million domestically. Its soundtrack topped the Billboard 200 chart.

Early life and education

Stern graduated from the College of Public Communications at Boston University in 1976.

Stern was born on January 12, 1954 into a Jewish family who lived in Jackson Heights, Queens in New York City.[2][3] His parents Ben and Ray (née Schiffman) are children of Austro-Hungarian immigrants, and his sister Ellen is four years his senior.[2] In 1955, the family moved to the hamlet of Roosevelt on Long Island.[4] Stern developed an interest in radio at the age of five.[5] While Ray was a homemaker and later an inhalation therapist,[6][7] Ben was a co-owner of Aura Recording, Inc., a recording studio in Manhattan where cartoons and commercials were produced.[8] When he made occasional visits with his father, Stern witnessed actors Wally Cox, Don Adams and Larry Storch voice his favorite cartoon characters,[9][10] which influenced him to later talk on the air rather than play records.[11] Ben was also an engineer at WHOM, a radio station in Manhattan.[8] On completion of sixth grade, Stern left Washington-Rose Elementary School for Roosevelt Junior-Senior High School.[12]

In June 1969, the family moved to nearby Rockville Centre and Stern transferred to South Side High School.[13] He began the first two of four years at Boston University in 1972 at the College of Basic Studies.[14] In 1973, he started to work at WTBU, the campus radio station where he spun records, read the news, and hosted interviews.[14] He also hosted a comedy program with three fellow students called The King Schmaltz Bagel Hour.[15] Stern gained admission to the School of Public Communications in 1974[16] and earned a diploma in July 1975 at the Radio Engineering Institute of Electronics in Fredericksburg, Virginia which allowed him to apply for a first class FCC radio-telephone license.[17][18] With the license, Stern made his professional debut at WNTN in Newton, Massachusetts, performing airshift, newscasting and production duties between August and December of 1975.[19] He graduated magna cum laude from Boston University in May 1976 with a degree in Communications[3][14] and now funds a scholarship at the university.[20]

Career

See also: The Howard Stern Show, Howard Stern television shows, and Howard Stern videography and discography

Early professional radio career (1976–1981)

After graduating in May 1976, Stern declined an offer to work evenings at WRNW, a progressive rock station in Briarcliff Manor, a village in Westchester County, New York.[21] He was unsure of his talent, and questioned his future in the professional industry. Stern took creative and media planning roles at Benton & Bowles, a New York advertising agency, followed by a job in trading radio time to advertisers.[22] He realized the mistake of declining on-air work and contacted WRNW a second time, agreeing to work cover shifts over the Christmas holiday period.[19][23] Stern was hired full time in 1977, working a four-hour midday shift for six days for $96 a week.[17] He also worked as the station's production director and program director for an increased pay of $250 a week.[19][24]

In 1979, Stern spotted an advertisement for a "wild, fun morning guy" at WCCC, a rock station in Hartford, Connecticut.[25] He showcased a more wild audition tape, playing Robert Klein and Cheech and Chong records mixed with flatulence routines and one-liners.[26] Stern was hired with no change in salary, but a busier schedule. After four hours on the air, he voiced and produced commercials for another four. On Saturdays, following a six-hour show, he did production work for the next three. In addition, as the public affairs director, he hosted a Sunday morning talk show, which he favoured.[27] Fred Norris, the overnight disc jockey, became Stern's producer and writer in late 1981.[28] In the summer of the 1979 energy crisis, Stern held a two-day boycott of Shell Oil Company which attracted media attention.[29] Stern left the station in early 1980 after he was declined a pay increase.[30]

Management at rock outlet WWWW in Detroit, Michigan praised Stern's audition tape for a new morning man.[31] Starting on April 21, 1980,[13] Stern learned to become more open on the air. "I decided to cut down the barriers...strip down all the ego...and be totally honest", he later told Newsday.[32] His efforts earned him a Billboard award for "Album-Oriented Rock Personality of the Year For a Major Market" and the Drake-Chenault "Top Five Talent Search" title.[33][34] The station however, was declining in audience. A fall in Stern's Arbitron ratings, coupled with tough competition with other rock stations, led to WWWW switch to a country music format in January 1981. Much to his dislike, Stern left the station soon after.[35]

Washington and WNBC New York (1981–1985)

While considering offers at WXRT in Chicago and CHUM in Toronto,[34][36] Stern moved to Washington, D.C. to host mornings at WWDC, starting on March 2, 1981.[37][38] Stern, intent on developing his show further, realised the importance of news segments for satire and topical humor. He looked for a co-worker with a sense of humor to riff with on current events.[39] The station paired Stern with Robin Quivers, a newscaster and consumer affairs reporter from WFBR in Baltimore.[40] Though he felt restricted and controlled by management who enforced a strict format, Stern had the second highest rated morning show in January 1982.[41][42] Impressed with his ratings success, Stern was approached by NBC with an offer to work afternoons at WNBC in New York City. In March 1982, after signing a five-year contract worth $1 million,[43] Stern's relationship with WWDC management worsened.[44] On June 25, 1982, Stern's contract was terminated indefinitely. He had more than tripled the station's morning ratings during his stay.[45] Stern released 50 Ways to Rank Your Mother, a comedy album of his radio bits. The record was re-released as Unclean Beaver in November 1994.[46]

On April 2, 1982, a news report by Douglas Kiker on raunch radio featuring Stern aired on NBC Magazine.[47] The piece stimulated discussion among NBC management to withdraw Stern's contract. When he began his afternoon program in September,[48] management closely monitored Stern, telling him to avoid talk of a sexual and religious nature.[49] In his first month, Stern was suspended for several days for "Virgin Mary Kong", a segment featuring a video game where a group of men pursued the Virgin Mary around a singles bar in Jerusalem.[47] An attorney was hired to man a "dump button", and cut Stern off the microphone should potentially offensive areas be discussed. This became the task of program director Kevin Metheny, who Stern nicknamed "Pig Virus".[47] On May 21, 1984, Stern made his first appearance on Late Night with David Letterman, launching him into the national spotlight.[13]

In 1985, Stern claimed a 5.7% market share, the highest ratings at WNBC in four years.[50] On September 30, Stern and Quivers were fired for what management termed "conceptual differences" regarding the show.[51] "Over the course of time, we made a very conscious effort to make Stern aware that certain elements of the program should be changed...I don't think it's appropriate to say what those specifics were",[52] said program director John Hayes, who Stern nicknamed "The Incubus". In 1992, Stern believed Thornton Bradshaw, chairman of WNBC's owner RCA, heard his "Bestiality Dial-a-Date" segment ten days earlier and ordered his firing.[49] The radio pair kept in touch with their audience throughout October and November, touring club venues with a stage show.[51]

K-Rock, early television endeavors and Fartman (1985–1992)

Stern returned to afternoons on New York City rock station WXRK on November 18, 1985.[51] He signed a five-year contract with owner Infinity Broadcasting worth around $500,000 that escalated in successive years.[53] On February 18, 1986, the show moved to mornings and entered national syndication on August 18 when WYSP in Philadelphia simulcast the program.[51] In October 1992, Stern became the first to have the number one radio show in New York and Los Angeles simultaneously.[54] In the New York market, The Howard Stern Show was the highest-rated morning program from 1994 to 2001.[55] In 1994, Billboard magazine added the "Nationally Syndicated Air Personality of the Year" category to its annual radio awards, based on entertainment value, creativity and ratings success.[56] Stern was awarded the title from 1994 to 2002.[57][58] Stern retained his morning position until December 16, 2005, where he began his contract at Sirius in 2006.[59] In this 20-year period, he would be heard in over 60 markets[60][61] across the United States and Canada while gaining a peak audience of 20 million listeners.[62][63][64]

In May 1987, Stern recorded five television pilots for Fox when the network planned to replace The Late Show hosted by Joan Rivers.[65] The series was never picked up; one executive having described the show as "poorly produced", "in poor taste" and "boring".[66] Stern hosted his first pay-per-view event on February 27, 1988 named Howard Stern's Negligeé and Underpants Party.[51] Over 60,000 homes purchased the two-hour special that grossed $1.2 million.[67] On September 7, 1989, over 16,000 fans packed out Nassau Coliseum for Howard Stern's U.S. Open Sores, a live event that featured a tennis match between Stern and his radio show producer, Gary Dell'Abate.[51] Both events were released for home video. From 1990 to 1992, Stern was the host of The Howard Stern Show, a Saturday night program on WWOR-TV. The series ran for 69 episodes to 65 markets nationwide.[68] In February 1991, Stern released Crucified by the FCC, a collection of censored radio segments following the first fine issued to Infinity by the FCC over alleged indecency.[69] He released a third video tape, Butt Bongo Fiesta, in October 1992 that sold 260,000 copies for a gross of over $10 million.[69][70] He returned to Saturday night television in November with The Howard Stern "Interview", a one-on-one celebrity interview series on E! that lasted 36 episodes.[citation needed]

Stern appeared at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards as Fartman, a fictional superhero that first appeared in the National Lampoon magazine in the mid-1970s. He rejected multiple scripts for a proposed 1993 release of The Adventures of Fartman, until a verbal agreement was reached with New Line Cinema.[71] Screenwriter J. F. Lawton had prepared a script before relations soured over the film's rating, content and merchandising rights.[72][73] The project was then cancelled.

Private Parts, E! show and run for Governor (1993–1994)

In early 1993, Stern signed a $1 million advance contract with Simon & Schuster to publish his first book.[74] Co-authored with Larry Sloman and edited by Judith Regan, Private Parts was released on October 7, 1993. The book sold its first printing of 225,000 copies within hours of going on sale. After five days, it became the fastest-selling title in Schuster's history.[75] Two weeks later, in its eighth printing, over one million copies had been distributed.[70][74] Sales were supported by Stern's book signing tour. His first at a Barnes & Noble store on Fifth Avenue attracted an estimated 10,000 fans.[74] The book spent 20 weeks on The New York Times Best-Seller list.[76] Stern has written forewords for Steal This Dream (1998), a biography of Abbie Hoffman, Disgustingly Dirty Joke Book (1998) by Jackie Martling, Too Fat to Fish (2008) by Artie Lange, and Dear Mrs. Fitzsimmons: Tales of Redemption from an Irish Mailbox (2010) by Greg Fitzsimmons.

Stern hosted his second pay-per-view event, The Miss Howard Stern New Year's Eve Pageant, on December 31, 1993. It surpassed the subscriber record for a non-sports event held by a 1990 New Kids on the Block concert.[70] Around 400,000 households purchased Stern's event that grossed an estimated $16 million.[77] In early 1994, the event was released on VHS as Howard Stern's New Year's Rotten Eve 1994. Between his book royalties and pay-per-view profits, Stern's earnings in the latter months of 1993 totalled around $7.5 million.[78] In its 20th anniversary issue in 1993, Radio & Records named Stern the most influential air personality of the past two decades.[79]

On March 21, 1994, Stern announced his candidacy for Governor of New York under the Libertarian Party ticket, challenging Mario Cuomo for re-election.[80] He planned to reinstate the death penalty, stagger highway tolls to improve traffic flow, and limit road work to night hours.[81] At the party's nomination convention in Albany on April 23, Stern won the required two-thirds majority on the first ballot, receiving 287 of the 381 votes cast (75.33%). James Ostrowski finished second with 34 votes (8.92%).[82] To place his name on the November ballot, Stern was obliged to state his home address and to complete a financial disclosure form under the Ethics in Government Act of 1987. Arguing the law violated his right to privacy and freedom of association, Stern was denied an injunction on August 2.[83] He withdrew his candidacy two days later. Cuomo was defeated in the gubernatorial election on November 8 by George Pataki, whom Stern backed. In 1995, Pataki signed "The Howard Stern Bill" which limited construction on state roads to night hours in New York and Long Island.[84]

In June 1994, six robot cameras were installed in Stern's radio show studio to film a condensed half-hour program on the E! network.[85] Howard Stern ran for 11 years, until the last taped episode was broadcast on July 8, 2005.[86] In conjunction with his move to Sirius, Stern launched Howard Stern on Demand, a subscription video-on-demand service, on November 18, 2005.[87] The service was fully launched as Howard TV on March 16, 2006.[88]

Miss America and Private Parts film (1995–1997)

On April 3, 1995, three days after the shooting of singer Selena, Stern's comments regarding her death and Mexican Americans caused an uproar in the Hispanic community. He criticized her music with added gunfire sound effects. "This music does absolutely nothing for me. Alvin and the Chipmunks have more soul...Spanish people have the worst taste in music. They have no depth".[89] On April 6, Stern responded with a statement in Spanish, stressing his comments were made in satire and not intended to hurt those who loved her.[90] A day later, Justice of the Peace Eloy Cano of Harlingen, Texas issued an arrest warrant on Stern for disorderly conduct.[91]

Stern signed an advance contract with ReganBooks worth $3 million in 1995 to write his second biographical book, Miss America.[92] Stern wrote about his cybersex experiences on the Prodigy service, a private meeting with Michael Jackson, and his past suffering with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).[93] The book sold 33,000 copies at Barnes & Noble stores on November 7, the day of its release, setting a new one-day record.[94] Publishers Weekly reported over 1.39 million hardcover copies were sold by the end of 1995, ranking it the third best-seller of the year.[95] Miss America spent a total of 16 weeks on The New York Times best-seller list.[76]

Production for a film adaptation of Private Parts began in May 1996, with all shooting complete in four months.[96] The film premiered at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden on February 27, 1997, where Stern performed "The Great American Nightmare" with Rob Zombie.[97] Private Parts made its general release on March 7, 1997, where it topped the box office in its opening weekend with a gross of $14.6 million, and $41.2 million in total.[98] Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 79%.[99] For his performance, Stern won a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for "Favorite Male Newcomer" and nominated for a Golden Satellite Award for "Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture (Comedy)" and a Golden Raspberry Award for "Worst New Star".[citation needed] Selling 178,000 copies in the first week of release, the film's soundtrack topped the Billboard 200 chart between March 15–21, 1997.[100]

On October 8, 1997, Stern filed a $1.5 million lawsuit against Ministry of Film Inc., claiming it recruited him for a film titled Jane starring Melanie Griffith, while knowing it had insufficient funds. Stern, who was unpaid when production ceased, accused the studio of breach of contract, fraud and negligent representation.[101] A settlement was reached in 1999, with Stern receiving $50,000.[102]

Return to Saturday night television and productions (1998–2004)

On April 1, 1998, Stern announced his return to Saturday night television with The Howard Stern Radio Show.[103] Broadcast across the country on CBS affiliates, it featured radio show highlights along with material unseen in his nightly E! show. The show was a direct competitor with NBC's Saturday Night Live and Fox's MADtv for ratings. Concerned with its risqué content, affiliates began to leave the show after two episodes.[104] Making its launch on 79 stations on August 22, 1998, this number was reduced to 55 by June 1999.[105] A total of 84 episodes were broadcast.[citation needed] The final re-run aired on November 17, 2001, to around 30 markets.[106][107]

In 1994, Stern launched the Howard Stern Production Company for original and joint production and development ventures. He intended to make a film adaptation of Brother Sam, the biography of the late comedian Sam Kinison.[108] In September 1999, UPN announced the production of Doomsday, an animated science-fiction comedy series executively produced by Stern.[109] Originally set for a 2000 release, Stern starred as Orinthal, a family dog.[110] The project was eventually abandoned. From 2000 to 2002, Stern was the executive producer of Son of the Beach, a sitcom which ran for three seasons on FX. In late 2001, Howard Stern Productions was reportedly developing a new sitcom titled Kane.[111] The pilot episode was never filmed. In 2002, Stern acquired the rights to comedy films Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979) and Porky's (1982). He filed a $100 million lawsuit in March 2003 against ABC and the producers of Are You Hot?, claiming the series was based on his radio segment called "The Evaluators". A settlement was reached on August 7.[112]

Stern announced in early 2004 of talks with ABC to host a prime time interview special, which never materialized. In August 2004, cable channel Spike picked up 13 episodes of Howard Stern: The High School Years, a second animated series Stern was to executive produce.[113] On November 14, 2005, Stern announced the completion of episode scripts and 30 seconds of test animations.[114] Stern eventually gave the project up. In 2007, he explained the episodes could have been produced "on the cheap" at $300,000 each, though the quality he demanded would have cost over $1 million.[115] Actor Michael Cera was cast as the lead voice.[116]

Satellite radio (2004–present)

See also: Howard 100 and Howard 101 and Howard 100 News
Following his move to Sirius, the Howard 100 News team was assembled.

On October 6, 2004, Stern announced his contract with Sirius Satellite Radio, a medium free of FCC regulations, starting January 2006.[117] The move followed a crackdown on perceived indecency in broadcasting that occurred following the controversy surrounding the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in February. The incident prompted tighter control over content by station owners and managers, leading to Stern feeling "dead inside" creatively.[118] The five-year deal allowed Stern to produce up to three channels on Sirius with a annual budget of $100 million for all production, staff, and programming costs including the construction of a dedicated studio.[119] On January 9, 2006, the day of his first satellite broadcast, Sirius issued 34.3 million shares of stock worth $218 million to Stern and his agent for exceeding a subscriber target set in 2004.[120] A second stock incentive was paid on January 9, 2007, with Stern receiving 22 million shares worth $82.9 million.[121] Following his move, Time magazine included Stern in the Time 100 list in May 2006.[122] He also ranked seventh in Forbes' "World's Most Powerful Celebrities" list a month later.[123]

On February 28, 2006, CBS Radio (formerly Infinity Broadcasting) filed a 43-page lawsuit against Stern, his agent, and Sirius. The suit claimed Stern had misused CBS broadcast time to promote Sirius for unjust enrichment during the last 14 months of his contract.[124][125] In a press conference held hours before the suit was filed, Stern said it was nothing more than a "personal vendetta" against him by CBS president Leslie Moonves.[126] A settlement was reached on May 25, with Sirius paying $2 million to CBS for control of Stern's broadcast archives since 1985.[127]

On December 9, 2010, Stern announced the signing of a new contract with Sirius to continue his radio show for five more years.[128] On March 22, 2011, Stern and his agent filed a lawsuit against Sirius for failing to pay stock bonuses while helping the company exceed subscriber growth targets. Sirius said it was "surprised and disappointed" by the suit.[129]

FCC fines

Main article: FCC fines of The Howard Stern Show

From 1990 to 2004, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has fined owners of radio stations that carried The Howard Stern Show a total of $2.5 million for indecent programming.[130]

Critical opinion

Stern's comedic style has long been polarizing. In 1998, journalist Jeffrey Goldberg wrote, "The flaw of Stern's show is not that it's offensive but that it's boring... Stern is not a subversive but a clown, and a tired clown at that."[131] Comedian Chris Rock told Esquire Magazine in 2011, "I know some of it [Stern's show] you don't like, but if I had to be on six hours a day, it would be just as nasty and foul and not sophisticated. The fact that you're going to see me do an hour [of standup] every four years? Reduce Howard Stern to an hour every four years, you'd have the most brilliant comedian who ever lived. It's not even close."[132]

In 2010, film critic Roger Ebert tweeted that "Howard Stern is the best interviewer in the business. He asks everyone what you really want to know." [133]

Personal life

Stern and Beth Ostrosky in 2011

Stern married his first wife, Alison Berns,[134] on June 4, 1978 at Temple Ohabei Shalom in Brookline, Massachusetts.[135] They have three daughters: Emily Beth (b. 1983), Debra Jennifer (b. 1986) and Ashley Jade (b. 1993).[136] On October 22, 1999, Stern announced their decision to separate.[137] The marriage ended in 2001 with an amicable divorce and settlement.[134] In 2000, Stern began to date model Beth Ostrosky, co-host of Casino Cinema from 2004 to 2007.[citation needed] She also frequently appeared in the American edition of FHM.[138] On February 14, 2007 Stern announced their engagement.[134] They married on October 3, 2008, at Le Cirque restaurant in New York City.[139]

While attending Boston University, Stern developed an interest in Transcendental Meditation, which he practices to this day.[140] He credits it with aiding him in quitting smoking and achieving his goals in radio.[141] Stern has interviewed Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the founder of the technique, twice.[citation needed] Stern also plays on the Internet Chess Club, and has taken lessons from Dan Heisman, a chess master from Philadelphia,[142] although he has recently claimed to have quit playing.


Filmography

Main articles: Howard Stern videography and discography and Howard Stern television shows

Films

Year Film Role Notes
1986 Ryder, P.I. Ben Wah
1997 Private Parts Himself Blockbuster Entertainment Award for "Favourite Male Newcomer" (1998)[citation needed]


Nominated – Golden Raspberry Award for "Worst New Star" (1998)[citation needed]
Nominated – Golden Satellite Award for "Best Male Actor Performance in a Comedy or Musical" (1998)[citation needed]

Home video releases

Year Title Role Notes
1988 Howard Stern's Negligeé and Underpants Party Himself/Host
1989 Howard Stern's U.S. Open Sores
1992 Butt Bongo Fiesta
1994 Howard Stern's New Year's Rotten Eve 1994

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1981 Petey Greene's Washington Himself
1987 Nightlife Himself
1987 The Howard Stern Show Himself - Host Series of 5 pilot episodes that never aired
1988 The New Hollywood Squares Announcer - Guest
1990–1992 The Howard Stern Show Himself - Host
1992 1992 MTV Video Music Awards Fartman
1992–1993 The Howard Stern "Interview" Himself - Host
1993 The Larry Sanders Show Himself Season 2, episode 18
1993 The Jon Stewart Show Himself Season 1, episode 1
1994–2005 Howard Stern Himself - Host
1997 Saturday Night Live Himself Season 22, episode 14
1998 The Magic Hour Himself
1998 The Roseanne Show Himself Season 1, episode 54
1998–2001 The Howard Stern Radio Show Himself - Host
2001 The Concert for New York City Himself
2004 Extra Himself
2005–present Howard Stern On Demand Himself - Host Known as Howard TV since March 2006
2011 Piers Morgan Tonight Himself - Guest Episode 2
2011 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Himself - Guest Season 16, episode 29
2011 The Late Show with David Letterman Himself - Guest Season 18, episode 3439

Discography

Main article: Howard Stern videography and discography
Year Album Label Notes
1982 50 Ways to Rank Your Mother Wren Records Re-released as Unclean Beaver (1994) on Ichiban/Citizen X labels
1991 Crucified By the FCC Infinity Broadcasting
1997 Private Parts: The Album Warner Brothers Billboard 200 Number-one album from March 15–21, 1997

Bibliography

  • Stern, Howard (1993). Private Parts. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671880163.
  • Stern, Howard (1995). Miss America. ReganBooks. ISBN 978-0060391676.

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Sources

External links

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