Iquitos
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Iquitos | |
|---|---|
| Ciudad de Iquitos | |
| Clockwise from top: Iquitos District cityscape, Iron House built by Gustave Eiffel; Port Henry, Punchana District at dusk; Parade Ground and the Matrix Church in Midtown Iquitos; the former Palace Hotel in the Tarapacá Levee; ubiquitous transport of the city, and the floating houses in the Amazon river. Clockwise from top: Iquitos District cityscape, Iron House built by Gustave Eiffel; Port Henry, Punchana District at dusk; Parade Ground and the Matrix Church in Midtown Iquitos; the former Palace Hotel in the
Tarapacá Levee; ubiquitous transport of the city, and the floating houses in the Amazon river. | |
 Flag Coat of arms of Iquitos Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Capital de la Amazonía Peruana (Capital of the Peruvian Amazon) | |
| Country |  Peru |
| Region | Loreto |
| Provinces | Maynas |
| Founded | 1750s |
| Districts | 4 Districts |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Salomón Abenzur Araujo |
| Area | |
| • Total | 368.9 km2 (142.4 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 106 m (348 ft) |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 406,340 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| Area code | 65 |
| Website | www.munimaynas.gob.pe |
Iquitos (Spanish pronunciation: [iˈkitos]) is the largest city in the Peruvian rainforest and the capital of the of Loreto Region and Maynas Province. The city is considered the sixth largest city of Peru, with 457,865 inhabitants. A honeypot, Iquitos is characterized by being the main point that meets the food, culture, customs, worldview and historical references of Loreto.
Located in northeast Peru, on the left bank of the largest river in South America, the Amazon, Iquitos consists of four districts. The four districts —Iquitos, Belén District, Maynas, Punchana y San Juan Bautista— were created gradually as Iquitos grew and finally consolidated in 1999. The city is only 106 m (348 ft) above sea level, although it is more than 3,000 km (1,864 mi) from the mouth of the Amazon at Belém (Brazil) on the Atlantic Ocean. It is situated 125 km (78 mi) downstream of the confluence of the Ucayali and Marañón rivers, the two main headwaters of the Amazon River. Iquitos has long been a major port in the Amazon Basin. It is surrounded by three rivers: the Nanay, the Itaya, and the Amazon.
The city can be reached only by airplane or boat, with the exception of a road to Nauta, a small town roughly 100 km (62 mi) south. It is the largest city in the world which cannot be reached by road. Ocean vessels of 3,000 tons or 9,000 tons[1] and 5.5 metres (18 ft) draft can reach Iquitos from the Atlantic ocean, 3600 km away.
Most travel within the city is via bus, motorcycle, or the ubiquitous auto rickshaw (mototaxi, motocarro or motokar), which is essentially a modified motorcycle with a cabin behind supported by two wheels, seating three. Transportation to nearby towns often requires a river trip via peque-peque, a small public motorized boat.
The climate is hot and humid, with an average relative humidity of 85%. The wet season lasts from around November to May, with the river reaching its highest point in May. The river is at its lowest in October.
History
European-Peruvians established Iquitos as a Jesuit mission to the indigenous peoples in the 1750s. In 1864 it started to grow when the settlers created the Loreto Region and made Iquitos its capital. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate.[2]
Iquitos was known for its rubber industry through the rubber boom of the first decade of the 20th century; it attracted thousands of immigrants from around the world, mostly young, single men who hoped to make their fortunes in rubber. The rise of the automobile and related industries had dramatically increased the worldwide demand for rubber. Some men became merchants and bankers, and made their fortunes that way. Many of the European men married indigenous women and stayed in Peru the rest of their lives, founding ethnically mixed families. The immigrants brought European clothing styles, music and other cultural elements to Iquitos.
Among the unique communities formed by the 19th-century rubber boom immigration was one of Sephardic Jews from Morocco. Many of the men married Peruvian women and made families in Iquitos. They established a synagogue and the Jewish Cemetery. By the end of the 20th century, four or five generations later, most descendants were no longer practicing Jews. In the 1990s, a descendant of a Jewish settler undertook serious study of the religion and began to revive Judaism among his family, friends, and other Sephardim descendants. After years of study, with the help of a sympathetic Conservative rabbi in Lima and another from Brooklyn, New York, eventually a few hundred people learned and practiced and converted. (Conversion was necessary as their mothers were not Jewish.) Many of the converts emigrated to Israel under its "right of return" policy.[3]
The wealthiest Europeans built great mansions in the late 19th century, some of which survive. Casa de Fierro (Spanish for the Iron House) was designed by Gustave Eiffel, designer of the Eiffel Tower. After rubber seeds were smuggled out of the country and began to be cultivated in quantity elsewhere, the Peruvian boom came to an end. The city is still an important trading port in the Amazon basin.
On August 13, 2012, a special plaque will be placed in the plaza 28 de Julio of the city in a big ceremony to commemorate the Amazon River and rainforest as one of the seven natural wonders of the world.[4] The 21st-century-style plaque was forged alongside that of the Iguazu Falls in Munich, Germany.[5]
Geography
Iquitos is located within the boundaries of the Province of Maynas, north of Loreto. It covers an area of 368.9 km2 (142.4 mi2), comprising the districts of Belén, San Juan Bautista y Punchana. The town is 106 m above sea level. It is also the most northern Peruvian city.
The city is located in the middle of the Amazon river system. It is located on the left bank of the Amazon River, which provides an economic life property, including trade and transport.[6] Itaya and Nanay rivers are a natural boundary of the physical expansion of the city: one located in the south and the second to the north, which both flow into the Amazon. Near Iquitos also there are a number of ponds and lakes, Moronococha Lake prominently, which defines the city in the northeast. This feature makes the city on an fluvial island.
Geologically, the city is settled in a Tertiary-Quaternary formation lithologically composed by little-consolidated lutites, with remains of flora or fauna, and numerous white-sand lenses of abundant silicon, and the residual soils are sandy, almost clayey and variably deep.[6] Physiography, is a hazy landscape due to the undulations of the soil erosion caused by rain.[6]
Earthquakes in the city are very rare, if any, are very deep. Iquitos is located in Region 3 of Systematic Regionalization Map of Peru, which means that the city has a low coefficient seismic value, although the 2011 Peru earthquake, which occurred southeast of Contamana, was felt in the city as a small and unexpected jolt.[6]
Climate
Iquitos has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) with abundant rainfall and hot temperatures all year round. Rainfall experiences two peak periods: November to January and March to May, with April typically being the wettest month of the year. Based on the protocol of the Köppen Climate Classification, there is technically no dry season month where monthly precipitation totals amount to less than 60 mm (2.4 in) in Iquitos, giving it the distinction of a tropical rainforest climate, although the period from June to September typically observes slightly less copious precipitation.
Unusually, in June 2011, the city suffered the most extreme coldspell in its history: the temperature dropped to 19°C (with an extremely low temperature of 12.9°C for 24 September), forcing people to be warm.[7]
| Climate data for Iquitos, Peru | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.4 (88.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.1 (71.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
21.8 (71.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 279.0 (10.98) |
226.7 (8.93) |
279.0 (10.98) |
309.8 (12.20) |
273.7 (10.78) |
190.1 (7.48) |
181.9 (7.16) |
164.6 (6.48) |
189.0 (7.44) |
241.9 (9.52) |
260.2 (10.24) |
282.4 (11.12) |
2,878.3 (113.31) |
| Source: Hong Kong Observatory,[8] | |||||||||||||
Demography
In 1808, Hipolito Sanchez Rangel, the bishop of Maynas, reported that the village had 171 inhabitants of Iquitos and the June 8, 1842, date where the town was elevated to district, had just over 200 inhabitants.
In 1860, according to Paz Soldan, the town had only 300 inhabitants. Two years later, the population increased to about 431 inhabitants and in 1864, there were 648 people, predominantly mestizo by the presence of families from Borja, Santiago, Santa Teresa, Barranca and others, who fled away from the attack on the Huambisas and Aguaruna native and destroyed the villages.
According Genaro Herrera, in 1866, Iquitos had a population of 648 people. For 1876, again the same author reports a population of 1.475 inhabitants.
In 1903, in the middle of the rubber boom, Iquitos had 9.438 inhabitants (census of Benito Lords), of which 542 were foreigners, most of them were from Spain (95) Brazil (80), China (74), Portugal (64) and as many from Italy, England, France, Ecuador, USA, Russia, Switzerland and Morocco.
Currently, Iquitos has emerged as the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon and one of the most important of the Amazon in South America. Counted by the Census of 2007 with 406.340 inhabitants.
Cityscape
Architecture
Iquitos has architecturally significant buildings in a particular range of structural remnants were built during the rubber boom of the 1880s. Comprise mainly European/Amazonian-style buildings with ceramic tiles imported from Italy and Portugal, and its unique, French architecture called Casa de Fierro built by Gustave Eiffel, who built the original house in Paris for an exhibition of 1978.[9][10] However, the structure is not the only European urban appeal: the city is also characterized by the rustic architecture or conventional as the palafitte, malocas and huts that are located primarily in the areas of the city.[11]
Historically, the first native inhabitants of the settlements built their houses of sticks and leaves and other natural resources, which were tailored to protect the climate, wildlife and other hazards.[11] The styles of housing in those settlements up the huts and cocameras, used as a large communal houses. Other peculiar conventional architectures are characterized by firmness and isothermal conditions; they are categorized into three types of home: quincha —built with posts and giant cane—, rammed earth —resistant and isothermal—, and adobe —irm with the same isothermal condition.[11][12]
The rubber boom of the 1880s caused a severe change in the architectural face of Iquitos. Foreign and rubber barons brought with them the influence of countries like Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, and descendants as Sephardim. Jose de Jesus Reategui and a young group built the main features of the urban city in the years of boom, including the Iglesia Matriz de Iquitos.[11] In the Iquitos popular belief of the 19th century, iron was considered less humane and aesthetic, but Gustave Eiffel got the Casa de Fierro became an attraction in the city, although historically the prefabricated building was not designed to Iquitos.[11] Baroque and Rococo style also influenced the architecture of Iquitos, and defense against the rain was another prominent feature given for buildings.[11] About 90 buildings are declared architectural heritage of Loreto.[11]
Districts
Iquitos is composed of four districts.
- Iquitos (Iquitos District: 163, 594 inhabitants)[13] is the main district of the city, and is the most visited by tourists. The center of Iquitos, located in the heart of the district, is best known, and it has most of the activities of economy, culture, entertainment, art and commerce of the city. The Plaza de Armas is the tourist point of departure for most tourists, along with the Casa de Fierro, the Iglesia Matriz, the former Palace Hotel, the Boulevard de Iquitos, the Malecon Tarapaca and the Amazon Library.
- Belén (Municipality of Belen District: 74, 551 inhabitants) is one of the districts of the city known mainly for its intense commercial activity and the Belen Neighborhood, called the "Venice" by iquiteños. It is located on the east side of Iquitos and was created on November 5, 1999.
- Punchana (Municipality of Punchana District: 85, 179 inhabitants)[14][13] is the northern district of Iquitos and was created on 17 December 1987, and is characterized more by its port activity and Bellavista-Nanay market. Punchana capital has a small district capital called Villa Punchana. 90% of the district is composed of urban land, while 10% is rural. In the history of Iquitos, Punchana started as a small hamlet and the name of the district is due to a kind of wild agouti, which was cared for in a breedingground at the beginning of the 20th century.[15]
- San Juan Bautista (Municipality of San Juan Bautista District: 124, 143 inhabitants), colloquially known as San Juan, is the largest and most populous district of Iquitos, and which is constantly expanding to the south of the city due to the arrival of new families to the city —also embraces remote areas beyond the urban Iquitos, such as the Quistococha Resort and Zoo.[16] Before promoted as a populous district in the presidency of Fernando Belaunde in the 60's, the district was a sparsely populated road. Currently, several human settlements are in the "expansive" border areas. In this district, there are several tourist spots such as the San Juan Craft Market, the beaches of Santa Clara and St. Thomas, and Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve (located in the Iquitos-Nauta Highway).
Culture and contemporary life
Iquitos is characterized as reference point in the range of Amazonian culture around the surrounding environment. Also, many natives visit the city to present their dances or sell their crafts. It also brings a wealth of customs and traditions remained considerably over the years and in the Iquitos calendar, between her festivities.
The mythology of the Peruvian Amazon is characterized by a wide range of characters, identified by the folklore in imaginary beings. Many of the legendary beings, with appearances motivated by local geography, have powers and influenced much in agriculture and worldview of Iquitos. The dance and music, a mix of indigenous and mestizo heritage are closely related to the meanings of mythology, and also with the life of the citizen and Amazonian villager.
Iquitos has been benchmarked over the years in literature and film. The Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa wrote his work Captain Pantoja and the Special Service inspired by the city. Francisco Lombardi's 2000 film, based on the novel by Vargas Llosa was filmed in this city. In Rómulo Gallegos-winning The Green House (1965) and The Dream of the Celt (2010), other novels of Mario Vargas Llosa, also part of the plot occurs in Iquitos.
Entertainment and arts
Iquitos has an intense tourist movement in the entertainment, which is based on specific points located throughout the city. With a growing organization of entertainment today, the city has always had groups concerned to project the Iquitos arts such as dance, music, film, painting, literature and theater.
In the visual arts, the city is the birthplace of Amazonian pop art (also known wild naive)[17] which is an unique, self-taught, pop-art style of the city, and is notable for its "sparkling" chromaticism, and makes a reference to hallucinogenic ayahuasca experiences. Originally, it is an mural art that blends prominently the colorful amazonian culture, European motifs and commercial characters, which may be influenced by American pop art, especially MTV.
In several works of painters iquiteños (such as Christian Bendayan, Roldán Pinedo, Elena Valera, Rember Yahuarcani, Brus Rubio and Victor Churay), Amazonian pop art legacy has been a visual reference to create avant-garde works of contemporary life in the city and Amazonian culture.
The Dirección Regional de Cultura (formerly known as Instituto Nacional de Cultura del Perú), with headquarters in the city, mainly funded events and arts festivals in the city, although there is also small indie or underground groups that conduct their own cultural events. The city is also a center of small festivals, the highlights are Estamos en la Calle, Iquitos Outfest, and other small annual events within days of celebration in the calendar.
The city is known for having a remarkable celebration, called simply Carnaval. During this festival, mainly pagan, celebrants are dedicated to wetting people with cabaciñas or other instrument. Many choose to be more extravagant, wetting with various substances such as paint or other object as cause for celebration. The celebration is unique each year in February. The carnival is heavily influenced by myths and rich Amazonian culture. It also celebrates the Day of San Juan, referring to John the Baptist as patron saint in the Peruvian Amazon, whose feast is celebrated on June 24. The main element is the juane and other own dances as shunto jump.
Cinema
Tourism
Iquitos has a growing reputation as a honeypot, especially as a base for tours of the Amazon rainforest and the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve. Other tourists travel downriver to Manaus, Brazil, the other rubber-industry city in the interior of the Amazon basin, and finally the Atlantic Ocean, which is 3,360 km (2,088 mi) away.
Ayahuasca tourism has increased in Iquitos in recent years. Some Westerners seek traditional shamanic experiences by using the visionary Amazonian medicinal tea. Although some reputable curanderos who can provide a safe context for such experiences, others do not have the specialised training or skills. Tourists are advised to use caution in such pursuits.
The city is also home to the Peruvian organization for research and conservation, Project Amazonas and its three biological stations in the tributaries of the Amazon River, which at times accept visitors. Scientists, students, and tourists fly into Iquitos, where they transfer to boats for the remainder of their travel to the Project's research stations.
A boat tour of Belén is a common tourist attraction. Belén is a community east of Iquitos that can be accessed by foot and moto-carro, both in the dry and wet seasons. Many of the homes are tethered to large poles, from which they float upon the river's rising waters every year; some homes float year-round. Where the waters begin, there are often a few men with their boats who transport locals and tourists for a small fee. Belén's open-air market is also a tourist attraction. Most notable is the medicine lane, Pasaje Paquito, an entire block lined with vendors of local plant (and animal) medicines, who stock everything from copaiba to chuchuwasai.
Within the Belén open-air market, there is an illegal trade in rainforest primates, parrots, and other wildlife that should be protected by the CITES treaty. Some of the small animals, marmosets, tamarins, spider monkeys, are purchased locally, but many tropical birds, primates, boas, and others are smuggled into the United States for the lucrative exotic pet trade, according to Kneidel and Kneidel and TRAFFIC: The Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network.
Iquitos is served by Crnl. FAP Francisco Secada Vignetta International Airport.
Spanish accent
Iquitos is also attractive for its Amazonic Spanish, a dialect of Spanish spoken in the Amazon. The dialect is most noticeable in speech than in writing, such as [f] and [x] are allophones, (e.g., Juana is pronouned /fana/), especially when it is next to one or semivowel. (Los fríos de San Juan; Los fríos de San Fän), the double preposing and possessive genitive (De Antonio sus amigos; From Antonio his friends), and the preemption of articles against the names (Juana, Lä Fuana). There are also other languages spoken as Iquito, Yagua, ese eja or other native languages in Loreto, and foreign languages like English and French because of increasing globalization.
Gastronomy
The Juane, is one of the main dishes of cuisine of the Peruvian jungle. It is widely consumed during the Catholic Feast of San Juan (St. John), held on 24 June each year. The dish was named in honor of San Juan Bautista. The dish could have a pre-Columbian origin. With the arrival of the Spanish, missionaries popularized the Biblical story of Salome, John and Herodias. Some believe the dish's name comes from the reference to the head of San Juan.
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A popular dish is Tacacho. Tacacho is made from sliced plaintain,which is fried,then mashed with chicharones (fried pork fat). It is usually accompanied with chorizo (fried sausage) making it a savory combination. The dish is typical of Iquitos as well as the Peruvian Amazon. It is widespread in the rest of the country. The term tacacho derives from the Quechua term, taka chu, which means beaten. Tacacho consumption varies depending on the region where it is made. In Madre de Dios and San Martín, many people eat tacachos for breakfast, while in other regions, it is a dish served at lunch or dinner. In the San Martín region, tacacho is included in the Christmas dinner. In the Amazon region of Ecuador, the dish is known as bolon. It has a counterpart in the Caribbean islands, where it is called mofongo.
Economy
Iquitos has become important in the shipment of lumber from the Amazon Rainforest to the outside world. Other industries include oil, rum and beer and camu-camu cultivation. Camu-camu fruit contain 45% more vitamin C than oranges.
The city offers modern amenities for the residents and tourists in the area. It attracts people wanting to learn more about the Amazon Basin and indigenous culture, among others.
Education
Iquitos is home to numerous research projects on ecology related to ornithology and herpetology. Cornell University owns a field station dubbed the Cornell University Esbaran Amazon Field Laboratory. Founded in July 2001 under the direction of Dr. Eloy Rodriguez, the facility is dedicated to education, conservation, and the discovery of novel medicinal compounds from applied field chemoecology.
The field lab strives to survey and catalog the biological diversity found along the Yarapa River Basin. It provides researchers with field experience in the broad range of disciplines necessary for this task. Another major goal is to explore value-added derivatives of biodiversity. This includes both tangible returns, in the form of new discoveries in the biomedical and related sciences, as well as less tangible goods, such as the promotion of ecotourism and an ecological ethic. They work to ensure benefits to the local communities, and to participating students and researchers.
Universities
Iquitos has four universities: Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), the local state university; Universidad Particular de Iquitos (UPI), Universidad Científica del Perú (UCP), Universidad Peruana del Oriente (UPO) three private institutions. It is also home to the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), the Institute of Investigation of the Peruvian Amazon.
Sport
Colegio Nacional de Iquitos is a football team based in Iquitos. In 2005 the city's football community received the FIFA Fair Play Award as a result of being one of the five host cities for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship.
Transport
Iquitos has a personality very different from the rest of Peru and even different from other South-American Amazonian cities. The streets of Iquitos are dominated by more than 25,000 auto rickshaws or motokars, known in the rest of Peru under the name of mototaxi, and for foreigners as auto rickshaw or tuk-tuk, providing taxi service. The buses are great[opinion] transport made of wood with direct routes.
Twin towns
Manaus, Brazil
Leticia, Colombia
In popular culture
- The movie Fitzcarraldo (1982) was filmed near Iquitos. The film was inspired by the real life rubber baron Carlos Fitzcarrald.
Notable people from Iquitos
- Clotilde Arias, State Department authorized translation of the Star Spangled Banner presently exhibited at the Smithsonian Institute National Museum of American History (1901-1959)
- César Calvo de Araujo, writer and painter, born in Yurimaguas near Iquitos (1910–1970).
- Carlos Fitzcarrald, entrepreneur and rubber baron active in Iquitos (1862–1897).
- Ofelia Montesco, actress renowned for work in Mexican cinema (1936-1983).
See also
- Iperu, tourist information and assistance
- Tourism in Peru
- Punchana
- Loreto Region
- Peruvian Amazon
- Rainforest
- Iquitos Insight
References
- ^ Amazon uk.encarta.msn.com. Retrieved 1 October 2006. Archived 31 Oct. 2009.
- ^ "Vicariate Apostolic of Iquitos, Catholic Hierarchy
- ^ Lonni Salcedo Mitrani, The Fire Within: Jews in the Amazonian Rainforest, Ruthfilms, 2008
- ^ Fitzgerald, Eamonn (6 August 2012). "Peru ready to celebrate the Inauguration of the Amazon as a Wonder of Nature". News7Wonder. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Eamonn (10 April 2012). "New7Wonders of Nature commemorative plaques cast in bronze in Munich". New7Wonders. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ a b c d Rodriguez Achung, Martha. "Crecimiento Urbano de Iquitos: Condicionamientos Estructurales en la década del '70 y sus Perspectivas" (PDF). IIAP. July 1994. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ "Climate of Iquitos". TuTiempo.net. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ "Climatological Information for Iquitos, Peru". Hong Kong Observatory.
- ^ "Gateway to the Peruvian Amazon". Biopark. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ Maritza, Cárdenas. "Una mirada a la arquitectura de Iquitos". Sobre Perú. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g Joaquin, García Sánchez. "Desarrollo histórico de la arquitectura regional en Iquitos". Buenas Tareas. Retrieved 8 August 2012. To read the essay you need to register.
- ^ Villarejo, Avencio (1979). Así es la selva. CETA. p. 303.
- ^ a b "Maynas en Cifras". Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ "Municipalidad Distrital de Punchana: Datos generales". Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ "Municipalidad Distrital de Punchana: Historia". Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ "Municipalidad Distrital de San Juan Bautista: Historia". Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- ^ Agustin, Marangoni. "Pop amazónico de la ciudad de Iquitos". Sobre Perú. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
External links
- Peruvian Amazon Travel Advisor Iquitos tourist information (English)
- Photos and Video of Iquitos and Peru from Canadian Photographer Carey Nash
- Municipalidad Provincial de Maynas - Maynas provincial municipality official website (Spanish)
- El Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) (Spanish)
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (Spanish)
- ikitos.com - La Comunidad Virtual de Iquitos, Perú Service and information website for and about Iquitos, with extensive tourism pages (Spanish and English)
- ACOBIA-DWAzoo Amazon Manatee Rescue Center, Iquitos, Peru
- NY Times article: Jews of Iquitos
- - The Iquitos Times English language monthly newspaper and website for Ex-pats living in Iquitos, Peru]
.svg){kind=small} Peruvian cities with a population of over 100,000 | |
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