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Premier League

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"Premier League" redirects here. See List of professional sports leagues for other sports leagues which (maybe unofficially) are referred to by this name.
File:FA Premier League.png
FA Premier League logo

The FA Premier League (often referred to as the Barclays Premiership or just The Premiership in the UK and as the Barclays English Premier League or the English Premier League or the EPL internationally) is a league competition for English Football clubs located at the top of the English football league system (above The Football League), making it England's primary football competition.

Overview

The FA Premier League comprises the top 20 football clubs in the league system of English football. It was created in 1992, when the First Division football clubs broke away from the Football League after securing a greatly improved TV rights deal with the then fledgling satellite television company BSkyB. The first season's 22 clubs were reduced to 20 clubs for the 1995–96 season. The new name was simply a commercial restructuring and a rebranding exercise as there was no innovation in competitive terms; an identical first tier league had existed the previous season.

The Premiership boasts some of the best players in the world, including many from outside England. The Premier League is the most lucrative football league in the world, with total club revenues of over £1.3 billion in 2004–05 according to Deloitte, more than 40 per cent above its nearest competitor, Italy's Serie A.[1] Revenues will increase substantially by the 2007–08 season, when new media rights deals start (see below). The Premership is currently third in the UEFA rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five year period, behind Spain's La Liga, and Italy's Serie A.[2]

The 2005–06 average attendance of 33,875 for league matches is the fourth highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world. Based on May 2006 exchange rates, £1.3 billion converts to annual league revenue of about US$2.44 billion. This figure is also the fourth highest for any sports league worldwide, behind the annual revenues of the three most popular North American major sports leagues (the National Football League, Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association), but ahead of the National Hockey League.

The competition

There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents for a total of 38 games for each club, and a total of 380 games in a Premier League season. At the end of each season the three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of a play-off involving the third to sixth placed clubs, are promoted in their place.

The top four teams in the Premiership qualify for the UEFA Champions League, with the top two teams directly entering the group phase. The third and fourth placed teams enter the competition at the third qualifying round and must win a two-legged knockout tie in order to enter the group phase. The fifth placed team automatically qualifies for the UEFA Cup, and the sixth and seventh placed teams can also qualify, depending on what happens in the two domestic cup competitions. If the FA Cup champions and runners-up both finish in the top five of the Premier League, the FA Cup's UEFA Cup spot goes to the sixth placed team in the League. If the League Cup is won by a team that has already qualified for Europe, the League Cup's UEFA Cup spot also goes to the next highest placed team in the League (unlike the FA Cup spot, it is never transferred to the losing finalist).

Sponsorship

Since 1993, the FA Premier League has been sponsored. The sponsor has been able to determine the league's sponsorship name. So far, all the sponsors have referred to the competition as the 'Premiership'. The list below details who the sponsors have been and what they called the competition:

  • 1993–2001: Carling (FA Carling Premiership)
  • 2001–2004: Barclaycard (Barclaycard Premiership)
  • 2004–2008: Barclays (Barclays Premiership)

Worldwide reach

File:Fa premier league norway.jpg
A Norwegian take on FA Premier League team names

Promoted as "The Greatest Show On Earth", the FA Premier League is the world's most popular and most watched sporting league, followed worldwide by over a billion people[3]. Over 260 foreign players compete in the league, and 101 stars from England's domestic leagues competed in the

in Korea and Japan. It is widely watched overseas, with matches being shown in over 150 countries.

The Premier League is particularly popular in Scandinavia, with ferry operators offering "football ferries" to Norwegian football fans wishing to see their favourite teams in action. The Premier League is also very popular in Ireland, where the natives prefer to "support" English clubs, unlike in Scandinavia where the locals tend to support their league.

The Premier League is also very popular in Asia. In Southeast Asia, it is broadcast by ESPN-Star, a collaboration of ESPN and Star Sports. The broadcast is made from Singapore. Also in Iran, Premiereship matches are broadcast live on the IRIB3, the state-run television.

In the United States, it is the cornerstone league shown on the Fox Soccer Channel.

In Australia games are shown live on Foxtel and Austar digital services, while in New Zealand games are shown on SKY; on an average Saturday night/Sunday morning it is not uncommon for there to be two or three consecutive live games.

The Premier League has a strong following in South Africa and other parts of Africa. Every match is televised by Supersport which has a dedicated 24-hour football channel.

In general, Premier League games air on networks owned and/or controlled by NewsCorp, which owns the primary UK and Ireland TV rights.

Number of foreigners

At the inception of the Premier League in 1992-93, just 11 players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches were 'foreign' (players hailing from outside of the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland).[1] By 2000-01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premiership was 36%. In the 2004-5 season the figure had increased to 45%.

On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, while on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. Arsenal's 85% foreign player figure (rising from 64% in 2000–01) is the highest of any club over the period. Chelsea have since been overtaken in terms of the number of foreign-born players by Liverpool (72%).

No English manager has ever actually won the Premier League. Only four different managers have won the title as of 2006: two Scots (Sir Alex Ferguson, Manchester United and Kenny Dalglish, Blackburn Rovers), a Frenchman (Arsène Wenger, Arsenal) and a Portuguese (José Mourinho, Chelsea). Two English managers have achieved second place in the Premiership. They are Ron Atkinson (Aston Villa in 1993) and Kevin Keegan (Newcastle United in 1996).

The Premier League is the most represented league at the 2006 World Cup, with more than 80 players in the competition.

Television broadcasting rights

Television has played a major role in the history of the F.A. Premier League. The money from TV deals has been vital in helping to create excellence both on and off the field. The initial decision to go with BSkyB was, again, a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was a relatively untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However a combination of Sky’s marketing strategy, the quality of the F.A. Premier League football and the public’s appetite for the game has seen the value of the F.A. Premier League’s broadcast rights soar and delivered huge benefits to the game.

The first BSkyB television agreement was worth £191 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997/98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons. The Premier League’s current £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB runs over the course of three seasons from August 2004. BSkyB's monopoly was finally broken from August 2007 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the European Union that exclusive rights should not be sold to any one television company. Sky and Setanta paid a total of £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth. The BBC has retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons (on Match of the Day) £171.6 million, a 63% increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three year period. [4] Sky and BT have will jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed broadcast rights to 242 games, that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet, in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10pm on matchday. [5] Overseas and mobile phone rights are expected to fetch a further several hundred million pounds.

The decision to go with pay TV is still criticised by many, particularly with reference to the cost when compared with other pay TV platforms around Europe that offer coverage of live top flight domestic football.

The F.A. Premier League is unique in domestic football in Europe in its agreement over kick off times. In an agreement with the Football Association, it does not allow live broadcasts at the traditional English kick off time (Saturday 3pm). This is designed to ensure that fans still attend lower league games. These broadcasting restrictions can be circumvented either by subscribing to overseas satellite broadcasters (thus creating somewhat of a grey market), or through various streaming networks on the internet.

The Premier League - and Sky - maintain that whilst this is not illegal on the part of the viewer, it is illegal for anyone (such as a public house) to make such services available. This has in the past lead to heavy fines for public houses in the United Kingdom which have shown these games in their establishments. More recently, the legality of such fines has been disputed, and a number of Crown Court cases have been reported in which publicans successfully challenged the Premier League's position.[2]

History

FA Premier League title holders
Template:FA Premier League winners

The FA Premier League was formed on 20 February 1992 and played its first season in 1992–93. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions. A number of events during the mid and late Eighties had sent clear signals that fundamental changes were needed to the structure of professional football. The English game was at possibly its lowest ebb ever. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters were faced with poor facilities, hooliganism was rife and English clubs were banned from European competition following the events at Heysel in 1985. The old First Division became a selling league as many top players were lured by the financial (and competitive) attractions of the Continent with English clubs being banned from UEFA competition. Increasing supporter apathy meant reduced revenues for all clubs and, to make ends meet, the First Division was a mere feeder league for the leagues of Italy and Spain.

A radical restructuring was required if English football was to prosper. A proposal for the establishment of the league was tabled that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League. The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from the Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. This was seen to be necessary so that English clubs could once again compete with the best of Europe, and beat them, while attracting the best talent in the world, something which in 1991 seemed practically unthinkable.

In 1992 the First Division Clubs resigned from the football league en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company, which worked out of an office at the then Football Association's headquarters, Lancaster Gate.

The league originally comprised twenty-two clubs. Due to FIFA's insistence on domestic leagues reducing the number of games clubs played, the number was reduced to twenty in 1995, when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams were promoted. On 8 June, 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to eighteen teams by the start of the 2007-08 season, which has put the Premier League at war with football's biggest governing body. [3]

Premier League clubs, 2006–07

Club
Finishing position
last season
First season in
top division
First season of
current spell in
top division
Arsenal [6][7] 4th 1904–05 1919–20
Aston Villa [6][7] 16th 1888–89 1988–89
Blackburn Rovers [7] 6th 1888–89 2001–02
Bolton Wanderers 8th 1888–89 2001–02
Charlton Athletic 13th 1936–37 2000–01
Chelsea [6][7] 1st 1907–08 1989–90
Everton [6][7] 11th 1888–89 1954–55
Fulham 12th 1949-50 2001–02
Liverpool [6][7] 3rd 1894–95 1962–63
Manchester City [7] 15th 1899–1900 2002–03
Manchester United [6][7] 2nd 1892–93 1975–76
Middlesbrough [7] 14th 1902–03 1998–99
Newcastle United 7th 1898–99 1993–94
Portsmouth 17th 1927–28 2003–04
Reading 1st in the Championship 2006–07 2006–07
Sheffield United [7] 2nd in the Championship 1893–94 2006–07
Tottenham Hotspur [6][7] 5th 1909–10 1978–79
Watford 3rd in the Championship
(promoted via the playoffs)
1982–83 2006-07
West Ham United 9th 1923–24 2005–06
Wigan Athletic 10th 2005–06 2005–06

Team movements for 2006-07 season

Relegated

  • On 14 April, Sunderland were assured of an immediate return to the Championship. A scoreless draw at Manchester United left them on 12 points; they stood 17 points from safety with only five matches left.
  • On 29 April, both Birmingham City and West Bromwich Albion were assured of relegation after Portsmouth defeated Wigan Athletic 2–1, making it impossible for either Birmingham (who had a chance of surviving if they beat Newcastle, but drew 0–0) or West Brom to reach safety.
  • On 25 March, Reading clinched a place in the Premiership for 2006-07, securing promotion to the top flight earlier than any other side in the post-war era. One week later (1 April), they secured the Championship crown. Reading will be playing in the top flight for the first time ever in their 135-year history.
  • On 15 April, Sheffield United were promoted to the Premiership for the first time since the 1993-94 season, after Leeds United were held to a draw against Reading.
  • On 21 May, Watford gained promotion to the Premiership by defeating Leeds United 3-0 in the Championship play-off final. They had previously defeated Crystal Palace in the semi-final by an aggregate scoreline of 3-0.

Former Premier League members

Club
Years in most
recent spell in top
division
First season in
most recent spell in
top division of
English football
Final season of
most recent spell in
top division of
English football
Position at end
of 2005-06 season
Barnsley 1 1997–98 1997–98 League One
5th (play-offs)
Birmingham City 4 2002–03 2005-06 Premiership
18th (relegated)
Bradford City 2 1999–2000 2000–01 League One
11th
Coventry City [7] 34 1967–68 2000–01 Championship
8th
Crystal Palace [7] 1 2004–05 2004–05 Championship
6th (play-offs)
Derby County 6 1996–97 2001–02 Championship
20th
Ipswich Town [7] 2 2000–01 2001–02 Championship
15th
Leeds United [7] 14 1990–91 2003–04 Championship
5th (play-offs)
Leicester City 1 2003–04 2003–04 Championship
16th
Norwich City [7] 1 2004–05 2004–05 Championship
9th
Nottingham Forest [7] 1 1998–99 1998–99 League One
7th
Oldham Athletic [7] 3 1991–92 1993–94 League One
10th
Queens Park Rangers [7] 13 1983–84 1995–96 Championship
21st
Sheffield Wednesday [7] 9 1991–92 1999–2000 Championship
19th
Southampton [7] 27 1978–79 2004–05 Championship
12th
Sunderland 1 2005–06 2005–06 Premiership
20th (relegated)
Swindon Town 1 1993–94 1993–94 League One
23rd (relegated)
West Bromwich Albion 2 2004–05 2005-06 Premiership
19th (relegated)
Wimbledon (MK Dons) 14 1986–87 1999–2000 League One
22nd (relegated)
Wolverhampton Wanderers 1 2003–04 2003–04 Championship
7th

As of the 2006-07 season, former Premier League members will be in all three divisions of the Football League for the first time following the relegation to League Two of Swindon Town and Milton Keynes Dons.

FA Premier League Winners to date

Winners and Runners Up of the Premier League since its inception.

Season Winner Total wins* Remarks Runner-up
1992–93 Manchester United 1 (8) First Premier League winners Aston Villa
1993–94 Manchester United 2 (9) Also won the FA Cup Blackburn Rovers
1994–95 Blackburn Rovers 1 (3) First league championship since 1914 Manchester United
1995–96 Manchester United 3 (10) Also won the FA Cup Newcastle United
1996–97 Manchester United 4 (11)   Newcastle United
1997–98 Arsenal 1 (11) Also won the FA Cup Manchester United
1998–99 Manchester United 5 (12) Also won the FA Cup, and the UEFA Champions League Arsenal
1999–2000 Manchester United 6 (13)   Arsenal
2000–01 Manchester United 7 (14) First and only team to date to have won the English Premier League in 3 consecutive seasons Arsenal
2001–02 Arsenal 2 (12) Scored in all 38 league games, and also won the FA Cup Liverpool
2002–03 Manchester United 8 (15)   Arsenal
2003–04 Arsenal 3 (13) Undefeated in League Chelsea
2004–05 Chelsea 1 (2) Also won the League Cup. First league championship since 1955. Arsenal
2005–06 Chelsea 2 (3) First team other than Manchester United to win back-to-back Premiership titles Manchester United

* Number of Premiership championships, figure in brackets includes old First Division championships.

All Time FA Premier League Table

By total points

Seasons 1992/93 to 2005/2006 inclusive.

Position Club Seasons in
Premier League
Played Won Drawn Lost Goals
for
Goals
against
Goal
difference
Total
points
Titles won
1 Manchester United 14 544 339 126 79 1057 489 568 1143 8
2 Arsenal 14 544 289 146 109 911 481 430 1030 3
3 Liverpool 14 544 265 136 143 868 552 316 931
4 Chelsea 14 544 261 147 136 848 556 292 930 2
5 Newcastle United 13 502 218 132 152 761 606 155 786
6 Aston Villa 14 544 203 158 183 668 632 36 767
7 Tottenham Hotspur 14 544 195 143 206 716 732 -16 728
8 Blackburn Rovers 12 468 190 125 153 650 553 97 695 1
9 Leeds United 12 468 189 125 154 641 573 68 692
10 Everton 14 544 177 146 221 651 739 -88 677
11 Southampton 13 506 150 137 219 598 738 -140 587
12 West Ham United 11 426 148 111 167 514 590 -76 555
13 Middlesbrough [8] 11 422 131 123 168 506 582 -76 513
14 Manchester City 9 354 103 101 150 413 482 -69 410
15 Coventry City 9 354 99 112 143 387 490 -103 409
16 Sheffield Wednesday 8 316 101 89 126 409 453 -44 392
17 Wimbledon [9] 8 316 99 94 123 384 472 -88 391
18 Leicester City 8 308 84 90 134 354 456 -102 342
19 Charlton Atheltic 7 266 85 72 109 308 382 -74 327
20 Bolton Wanderers 7 266 81 77 108 311 386 -75 320
21 Derby County 6 228 67 62 99 251 331 -80 263
22 Nottingham Forest 5 198 60 59 79 229 287 -58 239
23 Fulham 5 190 63 47 80 229 258 -29 236
24 Sunderland 6 228 58 55 115 214 335 -121 229
25 Ipswich Town 5 202 57 53 92 219 312 -93 224
26 Queen's Park Rangers 4 164 59 39 66 224 232 -8 216
27 Norwich City 4 164 50 51 63 205 257 -52 201
28 Birmingham City 4 152 44 45 43 152 193 -41 177
29 Crystal Palace 4 160 37 49 74 160 243 -83 160
30 Portsmouth 3 114 37 26 56 127 175 -48 122
31 Sheffield United 2 84 22 28 34 96 113 -17 94
32 West Bromwich Albion 3 114 19 33 62 96 184 -88 90
33 Oldham Athletic 2 84 22 23 39 105 142 -37 89
34 Bradford City 2 76 14 20 42 68 138 -70 62
35 Wigan Athletic 1 38 15 6 17 45 52 -7 51
36 Barnsley 1 38 10 5 23 37 82 -45 35
37 Wolves 1 38 7 12 19 38 77 -39 33
38 Swindon Town 1 42 5 15 22 47 100 -53 30
39 Watford 1 38 6 6 26 35 77 -42 24

Top scorers

By season

Season Top scorer, club Goals
1992–93 [10] Teddy Sheringham, Nottm Forest / Tottenham 22
1993–94 [10] Andy Cole, Newcastle United 34
1994–95 [10] Alan Shearer, Blackburn Rovers 34
1995–96 Alan Shearer, Blackburn Rovers 31
1996–97 Alan Shearer, Newcastle United 25
1997–98 Chris Sutton, Blackburn Rovers
Dion Dublin, Coventry City
Michael Owen, Liverpool
Andy Cole, Manchester United
18
1998–99 Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, Leeds United
Michael Owen, Liverpool
Dwight Yorke, Manchester United
18
1999–2000 Kevin Phillips, Sunderland 30
2000–01 Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink, Chelsea 23
2001–02 Thierry Henry, Arsenal 24
2002–03 Ruud van Nistelrooy, Manchester United 25
2003–04 Thierry Henry, Arsenal 30
2004–05 Thierry Henry, Arsenal 25
2005–06 Thierry Henry, Arsenal 27

All-time

As of the end of the 2005/06 season on 7 May 2006. The 2006/07 season will commence on August 19th 2006.

Rank Player Goals
1 Alan Shearer [11] 260
2 Andy Cole [11] 185
3 Thierry Henry [11] 164
4 Robbie Fowler [11] 159
5 Les Ferdinand 149
6 Teddy Sheringham [11] 145
7 Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink [11] 126
8 Michael Owen [11] 125
9 Dwight Yorke 122
10 Ian Wright 113

Premiership managers

The following is a list of the current managers in the Premiership. The list is arranged chronologically by appointment.

Manager Club Appointed
Scotland Sir Alex Ferguson[12] Manchester United November 6, 1986
France Arsène Wenger Arsenal September 30, 1996
England Sam Allardyce[12] Bolton Wanderers October 19 1999
England Neil Warnock[12] Sheffield United December 2 1999
England Paul Jewell[12] Wigan Athletic June 11 2001
Scotland David Moyes Everton March 15, 2002
Wales Chris Coleman Fulham April 19 2003
Republic of Ireland David O'Leary Aston Villa May 21, 2003
England Steve Coppell[12] Reading October 9 2003
England Alan Pardew[12] West Ham United October 21 2003
Portugal José Mourinho Chelsea June 2 2004
Spain Rafael Benítez Liverpool June 16 2004
Wales Mark Hughes Blackburn Rovers September 15 2004
Netherlands Martin Jol Tottenham Hotspur November 5 2004
England Stuart Pearce Manchester City March 11 2005
England Adrian Boothroyd[12] Watford March 29 2005
England Harry Redknapp Portsmouth December 7 2005
England Glenn Roeder+ Newcastle United February 2 2006
Northern Ireland Iain Dowie Charlton Athletic May 30 2006
England Gareth Southgate+ Middlesbrough June 7 2006

+ - Appointed without holding necessary UEFA Pro Licence by agreement of Premier League Chairmen.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ First fall in Premiership wages, BBC News, 31 May 2006, reporting on Deloitte's review of football finance in 2004–05.
  2. ^ UEFA Country Ranking 2006
  3. ^ Campbell, Dennis (January 6 2002). "United (versus Liverpool) Nations". The Observer. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ BBC keeps Premiership highlights, bbc.co.uk, 8 June 2006.
  5. ^ TV deal pays another £84m, Daily Telegraph, 26 May, 2006.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Played in every Premier League season
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Founding member of Premier League.
  8. ^ Middlesbrough deducted 3 points for failure to fulfill fixture at Blackburn Rovers on 21 December 1996
  9. ^ Now known as Milton Keynes Dons F.C.
  10. ^ a b c For the first 3 seasons of the Premier League (1992–93, 1993–94, 1994–95) there were 22 clubs and therefore 42 games played by each club. For all seasons since there have been 20 clubs and therefore 38 games played.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Played in the Premier League in 2005/06
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Manager was appointed when club was playing in the Football League.
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