Talk:Caffeine

addiction liability

I question the 'low - none' evaluation, caffeine has clearly been consumed, and continues to be, at a rate that proves moderate - high levels of addiction. Especially in regards to young adults and 'energy drinks'. Mw110088 (talk) 08:56, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Can you provide reliable medical sources that contradict the multiple sources which are used in the article which support the classification of the addiction liability of caffeine as "low/none"? Just because someone routinely consumes drinks with caffeine in them, that doesn't mean someone is addicted. Deli nk (talk) 09:47, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Also keep in mind the distinction between addiction and dependence. Sizeofint (talk) 16:25, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 June 2017

Please change ".[6] Nicotine decreases the half-life by 30–50%". In the reference it is stated that smoking decreases the halflife of nicotine, most likely it is the pyrolysis products from smoking that induces the enzymes that metabolises the caffeine not the nicotine itself. So it should be changed to " Smoking decreases the halflife by 30-50%". 109.238.129.170 (talk) 17:48, 3 June 2017 (UTC)

Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. – Train2104 (t • c) 17:35, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

The reference states that it is smoking and not specifically nicotine. The cited reference is support for the requested change. The addition of nicotine is a bit of original research.JSR (talk) 17:58, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

assorted problems

• Addiction - some degree of aversion may actually occur, which? (with?) people preferring placebo

 Fixed Sizeofint (talk) 06:11, 14 February 2017 (UTC)

• Effects of genetics - and beta-1 and beta-2 play roles - beta-1 & beta-2 should be fully identified here (rather than in a following sentence).
• people with the heterozygote? (heterozygous?) ADR beta-2
• Beta 2- (is it beta-2, beta2, or beta 2? - be consistent) adrenoceptors are receptors that regulate glycogenolysis, secret? insulin (insulin secretion,?) and intramusculatly transport? (intramuscular transport of? - I doubt the receptor transports insulin or glucose itself) glucose
• Arg389 homozygotes? (homozygous?) subjects
• altered norepinephrine (an adrenoceptor agonist) neurotransmission contribute? (contributes?) to
• Biosynthesis - The text describes chemical synthesis, not biosynthesis.

 Fixed It describes both I think, but I have changed the title. Sizeofint (talk) 18:40, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

• Figure - lab synthesis - where does the nitroso (NO) group come from?

See http://www.umich.edu/~chemh215/CHEM216/HonorsCup/HC%20230-III.pdf. I think that the originator of the graphic forgot a step.JSR (talk) 18:57, 6 June 2017 (UTC)

• Analogs - have also been elucidated? (identified?).
• Products - and inhalation? (inhalants?).
• Caffeine content in select food and drugs - 12 fl. oz. Coca-Cola Classic is listed as 34 mg and 96 mg/L but the same size Guarana Antarctica is given as 30 mg (less) and 100 mg/L (more - inconsistent).

69.72.92.65 (talk) 06:36, 6 February 2017 (UTC)

I've added some bullets to ease parsing. Hope you don't mind. Sizeofint (talk) 07:11, 6 February 2017 (UTC)

     I had started each item on a separate line but the returns were mysteriously deleted when I saved the page. Any idea why and how to prevent this?
          69.72.92.92 (talk) 07:57, 11 February 2017 (UTC)

Wiki markup is often a bit mysterious. For instance, if you insert one or more spaces at the beginning of a new line, standard Wikipedia formatting will be absent from resulting text. (You inserted six spaces above, and look what happened.) To answer your specific question: see Help:Wiki_markup#Line_breaks. Rivertorch^FIRE_WATER 07:15, 12 February 2017 (UTC)

Genetic effects on withdrawal symptoms

The below content from the article is from a master's thesis. It likely does not meet WP:MEDRS or even WP:SCIRS for that matter. Sizeofint (talk) 15:10, 7 June 2017 (UTC)

=====Effect of genetics on withdrawal symptoms=====

Gene polymorphism could be associated with caffeine withdrawal symptoms and beta-1 and beta-2 play roles in caffeine withdrawal. For example, compared to people with homozygous Gly16 allele, people with the heterozygote ADR beta-2 Gly16 Arg gene polymorphism have a higher chance of feeling fatigue after 48 hours of caffeine withdrawal. It has been suspected that beta2- adrenoceptors are the main cause for this increase in mental fatigue symptoms. Beta 2- adrenoceptors are receptors that regulate glycogenolysis, secret insulin and intramuscularly transport glucose that is used for cerebral and muscle activity.

Another example is given by the genes ADRbeta1 Gly16 Arg and CYP1A2-163A>C polymorphisms. They are associated with peoples' mood swings and increased depression level. Among subjects homozygous for the CYP1A2 allele, ADRbeta1 Gly389 allele carriers are reported to have a higher percentage of depression level increase when compared to Arg389 homozygotes subjects. Adrenergic receptors, again, play a key role in this symptom, as altered norepinephrine (an adrenoceptor agonist) neurotransmission contribute to the etiology of depression. This symptom is often seen in faster caffeine metabolizers, because caffeine effects diminish quicker in these people and provide them less opportunity to adapt to caffeine loss.

References

Semi-protected edit request on 19 June 2017

please change in the article on caffeine Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia and helps to protect them against predator insects and to prevent germination of nearby seeds. The most well known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the seed of Coffea plants. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; in 2005, 90% of North American adults consumed caffeine daily.

to Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia and helps to protect them against predator insects and to prevent germination of nearby seeds. Caffeine is stored in the plant material in two places. Firstly, in the cell vacuoles where is t is complexed with polyphenols. This caffeine probably is released into the mouthparts of insects, to dscourage herbivory. Secondly, around the vascular bundles, where it probably inhibits pathogenic fungi from entering and colonising the vascular bundles.

The most well known source of caffeine is the coffee bean, a misnomer for the seed of Coffea plants. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to improve performance. To make these drinks, caffeine is extracted by steeping the plant product in water, a process called infusion. Caffeine-containing drinks, such as coffee, tea, and cola, are very popular; in 2005, 90% of North American adults consumed caffeine daily. Zapostol (talk) 14:25, 19 June 2017 (UTC)

That is probably too much detail for the lead, but I think it is worth adding to the body. Sizeofint (talk) 17:58, 19 June 2017 (UTC)

 Done Added to the natural occurrence section. Sizeofint (talk) 18:13, 19 June 2017 (UTC)

References

Possible additions?

Aepli, A., Kurth, S., Tesler, N., Jenni, O. G., & Huber, R. (2015). Caffeine consuming children and adolescents show altered sleep behavior and deep sleep. Brain sciences, 5(4), 441-455.

Baer, R. A. (1987). Effects of caffeine on classroom behavior, sustained attention, and a memory task in preschool children. Journal Of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20(3), 225-234. doi:10.1901/jaba.1987.20-225

James, J. E., Kristjansson, A. L., & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2011). Adolescent substance use, sleep, and academic achievement: Evidence of harm due to caffeine. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 665–673.

James, J. E., Kristjansson, A. L., & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2015). A gender-specific analysis of adolescent dietary caffeine, alcohol consumption, anger, and violent behavior. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(2), 257-267. doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.977394

Jin, M. J., Yoon, C. H., Ko, H. J., Kim, H. M., Kim, A., Moon, H. N., & Jung, S. P. (2016). The relationship of caffeine intake with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep in Korean adolescents. Korean journal of family medicine, 37(2), 111-116.

Kristjansson, A. L., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Frost, S. S., & James, J. E. (2013). Adolescent caffeine consumption and self-reported violence and conduct disorder. Journal Of Youth And Adolescence, 42(7), 1053-1062. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9917-5

Richards, G., & Smith, A. (2015). Caffeine consumption and self-assessed stress, anxiety, and depression in secondary school children. Journal of psychopharmacology, 29(12), 1236-1247.

Temple, J. L., Ziegler, A. M., Graczyk, A. M., & Crandall, A. (2017). Effects of acute and chronic caffeine on risk-taking behavior in children and adolescents. Journal Of Psychopharmacology, 31(5), 561-568. doi:10.1177/0269881117691568

Mnlim (talk) 04:41, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

Relevant new content is welcome :)! Just keep in mind WP:RS and WP:MEDRS. Unless you're up for adding this content yourself, it may take a while for someone to integrate it. Sizeofint (talk) 05:31, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

Hi all, I will no longer be moving forward with adding these sources to the page. How can I go about removing this post? Thank you! Mnlim (talk) 01:26, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

There really is no need to. This post will be archived in several months and it is possible another editor will find these sources useful. Sizeofint (talk) 16:22, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

Edit request

"It is weakly basic (pKa = ~0.6)" should read "It is weakly basic (pKa of conjugate base = ~0.6)". The footnote makes clear that that was the intended meaning. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.189.240.68 (talk) 15:33, 5 August 2017 (UTC)

 Done Sizeofint (talk) 16:29, 9 August 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 August 2017

Remove the part which states 'Smoking tobacco increases caffeine clearance by 56%' The source makes no mention of that figure (56%) and does not directly say that tobacco smoke increases caffeine clearance. 109.255.138.123 (talk) 16:44, 22 August 2017 (UTC)