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Air India Express Flight 1344

Coordinates: 11°07′59″N 75°58′13″E / 11.13306°N 75.97028°E / 11.13306; 75.97028
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Air India Express Flight 1344
VT-AXH, the aircraft involved in the accident, in 2006.
Accident
Date7 August 2020 (2020-08-07)
SummaryRunway overrun in poor weather conditions, under investigation
SiteRunway 10 at Calicut International Airport, Malappuram district, Kerala, India
11°07′59″N 75°58′13″E / 11.13306°N 75.97028°E / 11.13306; 75.97028
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 737-8HG(SFP)
Aircraft nameIndia Gate
OperatorAir India Express
IATA flight No.IX1344
ICAO flight No.AXB1344
Call signExpress India 1344
RegistrationVT-AXH
Flight originDubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates
DestinationCalicut International Airport, Kerala, India
Occupants190[1]
Passengers184
Crew6
Fatalities18[1]
Injuries100+[2]
Survivors172
Map
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1km
0.6miles
Crash site
Crash site
Calicut Airport
Calicut Airport

On 7 August 2020, Air India Express Flight 1344, a scheduled international flight from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to Kozhikode, India, skidded off the end of a runway at Calicut International Airport following multiple aborted landing attempts due to heavy tailwinds. The flight was repatriating Indian nationals stranded abroad due to the COVID-19 pandemic as part of the Vande Bharat Mission. The aircraft proceeded to fall into a 9–10.5 m (30–35 ft) gorge, killing 16 passengers and both pilots. The four remaining cabin crew members and 168 passengers survived, of whom over 100 were injured.[2]

Background

Airport

Calicut International Airport, located in Karipur, Kozhikode, is one of the riskiest and most unsafe airports in India as per Directorate General of Civil Aviation's (DGCA) 2011 data.[3] The DGCA classified Calicut as a "critical airfield" which means that only the captain (and not the first officer) can perform takeoffs and landings at the runway.[4] Captain Mohan Ranganathan, a member of a safety advisory committee of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, in 2011, had called it 'unsafe' and had recommended that it not be used for landing during wet conditions. But AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA website says "The aerodrome is licensed for use in IFR (all weather) condition" to see the statement scroll to "DETAILS OF PRKG" point No.3 [5] He had noted that it had a tabletop runway with a down-slope, and inadequate buffer zone or runway end safety areas (RESA) at each end of the runway. Instead of a 240 m (790 ft) buffer zone, it had only 90 m (300 ft). Engineered material arrestor system (also known as arrestor bed or EMAS) is also absent in the airport, which could have averted the accident.[6] Several warnings were ignored by the authorities.[7][8][9] Due to inadequate RESA and other safety issues, many international airlines had stopped landing wide-body aircraft at Calicut.[10][11] The crash happened due to pilot error[12][13][14][15][16]


In July 2019, the DGCA issued a show-cause notice to the director of the Karipur Airport after various safety lapses like cracks in the runway, water stagnation and excessive rubber deposits were found. Cracks were reported at runway 28 TDZ (touchdown zone) and along with runway C/L (centre/left) marking near runway 10 TDZ.[a] Multiple cracks were also found on airport stands and apron surface. Excessive rubber deposits were found along runway C/L marking of runway 10 TDZ. 1.5 m (5 ft) length of water stagnation was observed between the runway edge and intermediate turn pad on runway 28. The inspection was prompted when another Air India Express had a tailstrike while landing at the airport from Dammam, Saudi Arabia.[19]

Aircraft and crew

The accident involved a Boeing 737-800 with a short-field performance package, registered as VT-AXH, manufacturer's serial number 36323 and line number 2108.[20] The aircraft that first flew on 15 November 2006, was operated by Air India Express, and had a tail livery with 'India Gate' on the left and 'Gateway of India' on the right.[21] The crew consisted of Captain Deepak Sathe, co-pilot Akhilesh Kumar; and four flight attendants.[22][23][24] Sathe had landed successfully at Calicut airport at least 27 times, including more than ten times in 2020.[10] He had 10,000 hours of flying experience on the Boeing 737, including 6,662 as commander.[25] The chief minister of Maharashtra, Uddhav Thackeray, announced a state funeral for Sathe.[26]

Flight

The aircraft departed stand E6 and took off from runway 30R at Dubai International Airport on 7 August 2020, at 14:14 GST (7 August 2020, 10:14 UTC) and was scheduled to arrive at Calicut International Airport in Kozhikode, Kerala, at 19:40 IST (7 August 2020, 14:10 UTC), covering a distance of 2,673 kilometres (1,661 miles).[27] It was a repatriation flight, for people who had been stranded abroad due to the COVID-19 pandemic, under the Vande Bharat Mission.[28]

Crash

The aircraft reached the airport on schedule. The approach was for runway 28, but two landings were aborted due to tailwind and the aircraft circled, waiting for clearance, before making a landing on runway 10.[b][31][32] At around 19:37 IST (14:07 UTC), they were given clearance to land on runway 10.[11] Due to the monsoon and floods in Kerala at the time, inclement weather conditions reduced visibility at the time of landing to 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Runway 28 was in use and in the first landing attempt, the pilot could not sight the runway and requested for runway 10. On the second attempt on 2,860 m (9,380 ft) runway 10, the aircraft touched down near taxiway ''C'', which is approximately 1,000 m (3,300 ft) beyond runway threshold.[33][34] The aircraft failed to stop before the end of the tabletop runway and plunged 9–10.5 m (30–35 ft) into a gorge, splitting the fuselage into two sections upon impact.[31][35] The accident site was around 3 km (9,800 ft) from the airport terminal.[36] No post-crash fire was reported.[37] It was suggested the crew shut off the engines on landing, which may have saved lives by preventing a fire.[38] According to a CISF officer, the aircraft did not slide into the gorge. It took off from the cliff and then collapsed.[36]

The accident was similar to Air India Express Flight 812 which also overran the runway 10 years earlier at Mangalore International Airport killing 158 people on board.[39]

Victims

A total of 184 passengers, four cabin crew and two cockpit crew were on board, all Indian.[40][41][42] Eighteen people died in the crash (16 passengers and both pilots) and more than 100 people were injured.[2][43][44]

List of fatalities[1][45]
Type of victims Total on board Survivors Fatalities
Passengers 184 168 16
Pilots 2 0 2
Cabin crew 4 4 0
Total 190 172 18

Aftermath

Rescue and response

Following the incident, local people from the surrounding Karipur village rushed to the crash site to rescue trapped victims from the aircraft,[46] followed by 40 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) personnel who were guarding the perimeter of airport, quick reaction team and Chief Airport Security Officer. Family members of the CISF personnel living nearby also joined.[47] Police and firefighters were also deployed for the initial rescue operations.[48] All passengers were evacuated in about three hours and taken to various hospitals in Kozhikode and Malappuram districts.[2][44][42] Emergency response team, GO Team[c] and special assistance team of Air India (officially known as 'Angels of Air India')[1] from Kochi, Mumbai and Delhi were sent to the accident site.[50][51] Three CISF officers were awarded with Director General commendation disc for their rescue efforts after the mishap.[52][53] The accident is predicted to cost the insurers and their reinsurers ₹375 crore (equivalent to ₹441 crore or US$53 million in 2023), that includes aircraft or hull and liability for third party and passengers. It is around 90 per cent of the insured value and Air India will recover this amount since the aircraft has been totally damaged. The insurer is an Indian insurance consortium led by New India Assurance. Claim settlement survey has already started.[54][55][56]

The airline has engaged a USA-based firm Kenyon International to recover the baggage. It will be working with Angels of Air India.[57]

COVID-19 infection

Two passengers on the flight who survived tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after arriving at a hospital after the accident. To check the spread among other passengers and rescue personnel, Central Industrial Security Force and Kerala Health Department asked their personnel and other passengers who were on the flight to undertake testing and quarantine.[58][59][60]

Investigation

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) and Flight Safety Departments are investigating the accident.[44][61][62] The cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder were recovered the next day and sent to Delhi for analysis.[63] Boeing is likely to send its investigation team to examine debris of the aircraft for defects and assist the probe.[64][52] Initial findings suggest that at the time of landing, the tailwind was around 9 knots (17 km/h). The aircraft was at 176 knots (326 km/h) at an altitude of approximately 450 feet (140 m) above the surface of runway 10, which is not considered ideal for short finals during poor weather conditions.[65] The throttle was found to be in a fully forward position (takeoff or go-around position) and the spoilers were retracted from the position of the speed brake lever, which indicates that the pilots might have tried for a go-around.[66] The tailwind, rubber deposits and wet runway affecting the braking performance of the aircraft are thought to be contributory factors to the accident.[6] Civil Aviation Minister, Hardeep Puri, in a press conference at Kozhikode on 8 August, said that there had been sufficient fuel on board for the aircraft to have flown to a diversion airport.[65] The possibility of pilot error, as a cause of the accident, was suggested by DGCA's Arun Kumar.[67][11][68][69]

The AAIB team in Kozhikode is probing the incident with the assistance of Airports Authority of India officials, air traffic control, ground staff, CISF, the fire team and the rescue team. It has found evidence of waterlogging of the runway at the time of landing. It is also checking whether ATC was aware of waterlogging and whether the pilots adhered to rules. The preliminary investigation report is expected to be ready by 16 August.[52]

Compensation

The Government of India and Kerala, each announced an interim relief of ₹10 lakh (equivalent to ₹12 lakh or US$14,000 in 2023) compensation for the families of the deceased above the age of 12 years, ₹5 lakh (equivalent to ₹5.9 lakh or US$7,100 in 2023) for below the age of 12 years, ₹2 lakh (equivalent to ₹2.4 lakh or US$2,800 in 2023) for seriously injured and ₹50,000 (equivalent to ₹59,000 or US$710 in 2023) for those who sustained minor injuries.[70] It was also announced that the medical expenses of the injured would be borne by the state government.[59][71]

See also

Wikinews has related news:

Notes

  1. ^ TDZ – Touch Down Zone v/s touch down point. By definition, the touchdown zone normally extends over the first 3,000 feet (910 m) of runway and the pilot aims to touch down at a point that is well within the limits of the zone, typically around the 1,000 feet (300 m) mark. The zone gives leeway to account for variations in physical conditions such as adverse winds, optical illusions due to day/night/rain/sloping terrain, equipment malfunctions, piloting technique etc. One of the demands of a critical airfield is to land accurately, as close as possible to the planned touch down point.[17][18]
  2. ^ Runway numbers and letters are determined from the approach direction. The runway number is the whole number nearest to one-tenth of the magnetic azimuth of the centerline of the runway, measured clockwise from the magnetic north. For example: 84° is marked as 8; 85° is marked as 8 or 9; 86° is marked as 9. The opposite end of the runway is then marked with the reciprocal heading which is determined by adding or subtracting 180° from the runway heading. For example: opposite to runway 26 is runway 8 (260° − 180° i.e, 80°) or opposite to runway 8 is runway 26 (80° + 180° i.e, 260°).[29][30] Calicut International Airport have one runway as 28, i.e, runway 280° and the opposite runway is runway 10 (280° − 180° i.e, 100°).
  3. ^ To respond to an aviation incident, the airline would "activate GO team." The duty manager at the flight operations centre would deploy an extra 15 to 20 people to travel to the airport where the incident occurred, or, if the incident were airborne, to the airport receiving the plane.[49]

References

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