Gillette, Wyoming

Coordinates: 44°16′58″N 105°30′19″W / 44.28278°N 105.50528°W / 44.28278; -105.50528
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Gillette, Wyoming
Gillette seen from Overlook Park
Gillette seen from Overlook Park
Location of Gillette in Campbell County, Wyoming.
Location of Gillette in Campbell County, Wyoming.
Coordinates: 44°16′58″N 105°30′19″W / 44.28278°N 105.50528°W / 44.28278; -105.50528
Country United States
State Wyoming
County Campbell
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyGillette City Council
 • MayorLouise Carter-King [1]
Area
 • Total23.02 sq mi (59.63 km2)
 • Land22.99 sq mi (59.53 km2)
 • Water0.04 sq mi (0.10 km2)
Elevation
4,554 ft (1,388 m)
Population
 • Total29,087
 • Estimate 
(2017)[5]
30,560
 • Density1,329.50/sq mi (513.33/km2)
Time zoneUTC−7 (Mountain (MST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
ZIP code
82716-82718
Area code(s)307, exchanges 670, 682, 685-688
FIPS code56-31855[6]
GNIS feature ID1609094[7]
Websitegillettewy.gov

Gillette is a city in and the county seat of Campbell County, Wyoming, United States.[8] The population was estimated at 30,560 as of July 1, 2017.[9] Gillette is centrally located in an area involved with the development of vast quantities of American coal, oil, and coalbed methane gas. The city calls itself the "Energy Capital of the Nation," noting that the state of Wyoming provides nearly 35% of the nation's coal.[10] Over the last decade Gillette saw a population increase of 48% from the 2000 census of 19,646 residents.[11] [12]

History

Postcard with an aerial view of Gillette around 1930

Before its founding, Gillette started as Donkey Town named after Donkey Creek and then was moved and called Rocky Pile after Rocky Draw.[13]

Gillette was founded in 1891 with the coming of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and incorporated on January 6, 1892, less than two years after Wyoming became a state. Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad changed the name to Gillette for Edward Gillette, who worked as a surveyor for the company.[14]

In November 1895, a fire destroyed most of Gillette. Only two saloons, two stores, and a restaurant survived. [15]

In 1974, U.S. psychologist ElDean Kohrs used the town as the basic example of what he called the 'Gillette Syndrome': the social disruption that can occur in a community due to rapid population growth. During the 1960s, Gillette doubled its population from 3,580 to 7,194 residents.[16] Kohrs proposed that this fast increase of population caused the phenomenon known as Gillette Syndrome, resulting in increased crime, high costs of living and weakened social and community bonds. Some of Kohrs' claims about the energy industry's influence have later been disputed, since similar increases in divorce rates, welfare usage, and crime were also seen in other rapidly growing areas of the country.[17]

The census-designated place Antelope Valley-Crestview was annexed by the city on January 1, 2018. [18] The population of Antelope Valley-Crestview was 1,658 at the 2010 census and it has a total area of 4.9 square miles (12.7 km²).

Geography

Gillette is located at 44°16′58″N 105°30′19″W / 44.28278°N 105.50528°W / 44.28278; -105.50528 (44.282660, −105.505256).[19] It is situated between the Bighorn Mountains to the west and the Black Hills to the east, in the Powder River Basin.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.00 square miles (49.21 km2), of which, 18.97 square miles (49.13 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2) is water.[20]

There were few trees in Gillette when it was founded. The native trees were Box elder and Cottonwood and were found along creeks. The oldest surviving non-native trees were planted in the 1940s. The earliest planted trees were almost exclusively Elm, Cottonwood, White Poplar, Green Ash, Colorado Spruce, and Ponderosa Pine. In the 1960s Crab apples, Honey locust, Catalpa, European mountain-ash, and other evergreen trees were planted. Nurseries started to sell trees in the 1970s which further increased tree diversity. [21]

Climate

Gillette has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) and is situated in USDA plant hardiness zone 4b. [22]

Climate data for Gillette, Wyoming
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 67.0
(19.4)
70.0
(21.1)
80.0
(26.7)
88.0
(31.1)
95.0
(35.0)
107.0
(41.7)
107.0
(41.7)
106.0
(41.1)
102.0
(38.9)
90.0
(32.2)
75.0
(23.9)
69.0
(20.6)
107.0
(41.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 37.2
(2.9)
38.2
(3.4)
47.0
(8.3)
55.8
(13.2)
66.8
(19.3)
77.0
(25.0)
86.6
(30.3)
85.7
(29.8)
73.4
(23.0)
58.7
(14.8)
44.6
(7.0)
35.1
(1.7)
58.8
(14.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 25.9
(−3.4)
27.4
(−2.6)
34.7
(1.5)
42.7
(5.9)
52.8
(11.6)
62.3
(16.8)
71.3
(21.8)
69.5
(20.8)
58.4
(14.7)
45.3
(7.4)
32.8
(0.4)
24.2
(−4.3)
45.6
(7.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 14.5
(−9.7)
16.6
(−8.6)
22.4
(−5.3)
29.6
(−1.3)
39.8
(4.3)
47.5
(8.6)
56.0
(13.3)
53.3
(11.8)
43.4
(6.3)
31.8
(−0.1)
21.0
(−6.1)
13.2
(−10.4)
32.4
(0.2)
Record low °F (°C) −36
(−38)
−40
(−40)
−23
(−31)
−12
(−24)
11.0
(−11.7)
28.0
(−2.2)
35.0
(1.7)
32.0
(0.0)
10.0
(−12.2)
−12
(−24)
−26
(−32)
−37
(−38)
−40
(−40)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.39
(9.9)
0.39
(9.9)
0.96
(24)
1.47
(37)
2.45
(62)
2.21
(56)
1.66
(42)
0.95
(24)
1.19
(30)
1.27
(32)
0.55
(14)
0.40
(10)
13.89
(350.8)
Source 1: NOAA (normals, 1981–2010)[23]
Source 2: The Weather Channel (Records)[24]
With few natural landmarks the Rockpile signaled to cowboys they were near the end of the stock trail.[25]


Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1900151
1910448196.7%
19201,157158.3%
19301,34015.8%
19402,17762.5%
19502,1910.6%
19603,58063.4%
19707,194100.9%
198012,13468.7%
199017,63545.3%
200019,64611.4%
201029,08748.1%
2017 (est.)30,560[5]5.1%
[16]

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $69,581, and the median income for a family was $78,377. Males had a median income of $41,131 versus $22,717 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,749. About 5.7% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

Racial makeup Est. 2018 [9] 2010 [26] 2000 [27]
White 94.4% 92.2% 95.5%
Black or African American 0.4% 0.4% 0.2%
American Indian and Alaska Native 0.8% 1.2% 1.0%
Asian 0.6% 0.7% 0.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%
Other race - 3.2% 1.3%
Two or more races 3.3% 2.2% 1.5%
Hispanic or Latino of any race 10.2% 9.5% 3.9%
White not-Hispanic or Latino 85.4% - -

2010 census

The Gillette downtown area on South Gillette Avenue

As of the census[4] of 2010, there were 29,087 people, 10,975 households, and 7,299 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,533.3 inhabitants per square mile (592.0/km2). There were 12,153 housing units at an average density of 640.6 per square mile (247.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 0.4% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 3.2% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.5% of the population.

There were 10,975 households of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.5% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median age in the city was 30.6 years. 28% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.6% were from 25 to 44; 24.8% were from 45 to 64; and 5.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.3% male and 47.7% female.

Coal mines near Gillette, from ISS, 2015
A large surface coal mine near Gillette


Arts and culture

The Wyoming Center, a 9,000 seat arena located at the CAM-PLEX just east of the city, was completed in 2008. The CAM-PLEX hosts events ranging from concerts and balls to the National High School Finals Rodeo.


Sports

Pronghorn are plentiful in the Gillette area. [28]

The Campbell County Recreation Center is a 190,000 square foot facility that was established April 2010. This facility includes a 42-foot climbing wall resembling the Devils Tower National Monument. There is also an 81,000 square foot field house that contains a six-lane track and 5 indoor tennis courts.[29]

The Energy Capital Sports Complex site has four fast-pitch softball fields that can be converted for Little League baseball. The fields use Slitfilm synthetic turf with sand-rubber infill. There is a 28,000 square foot protected spectator viewing area with a grass play area. There is also a 2.4 mile recreation trail around the complex. Since the grand opening in 2015, the Energy Capital Sports Complex has hosted many tournaments including the Razor City Softball Tournament and the 2016 Wyoming ASA State Softball Tournament.[30]


Government

Mayor Louise Carter-King

Gillette is governed by an elected mayor and a city council with six members. Gillette is split into three wards each represented by two council members. Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms.[2]

Under the mayor and city council the city government consists of the city attorney, municipal court, and city administration. The city administration consists of several departments and their divisions. Those departments are Human Resources Department, Finance Department, Police Department, Development Services Department, Public Works Department, and Utilities Department.[31]

The City Council holds regular sessions on first and third Tuesday of every month in the Council Chambers at City Hall. In addition the council also holds agenda review meetings and pre-meetings before regular sessions. All meetings are open to the public except executive sessions. [32] Current council members are Shawn Neary, Bruce Brown, Tim Carsrud, Billy Montgomery, Nathan McLeland, and Shay Lundvall.[33]

The sale and production of liquor is regulated by the city.[34] The number of licenses is capped by population by state law and due to scarcity have been sold privately for as much as $300,000.[35]

Education

Gillette College main building

Public education in the city of Gillette is provided by Campbell County School District #1. Gillette is home to Campbell County High School and Thunder Basin High School. Gillette College, a two-year college, is part of the Northern Wyoming Community College District.

Media

Gillette has one newspaper, the Gillette News-Record, published by Ann Kennedy Turner, The News-Record was originally two newspapers, the Gillette News and the Campbell County Record. The News-Record became a daily July 14, 1975. [citation needed]

Gillette has many local magazines, including The Gillette Wy Adventure Guide, published online by Tyson Waggener. Print magazines include: Anybody's Autos, The House Hunter, and W Magazine. [citation needed]

Call sign [36][37] Frequency Format [38] City of license Transmitter Owner
KGLL 88.1 MHz FM Religious Gillette 44°13′50.00″N 105°27′45.00″W / 44.2305556°N 105.4625000°W / 44.2305556; -105.4625000 Real Presence Radio
KLOF 88.9 MHz FM Christian Contemporary Gillette 44°12′34.00″N 105°28′4.00″W / 44.2094444°N 105.4677778°W / 44.2094444; -105.4677778 Educational Media Foundation
KAXG 89.7 MHz FM Religious Gillette 44°12′34.00″N 105°28′4.00″W / 44.2094444°N 105.4677778°W / 44.2094444; -105.4677778 Hi-Line Radio Fellowship
KUWG 90.9 MHz FM Public Radio Gillette 44°12′34.00″N 105°28′4.00″W / 44.2094444°N 105.4677778°W / 44.2094444; -105.4677778 University of Wyoming
KLWD 91.9 MHz FM Religious Gillette 44°13′50.00″N 105°27′45.00″W / 44.2305556°N 105.4625000°W / 44.2305556; -105.4625000 Calvary Chapel of Twin Falls
KLED 93.3 MHz FM Country Antelope Valley-Crestview (annexed by Gillette in 2018) [18] 44°14′35.00″N 105°32′19.00″W / 44.2430556°N 105.5386111°W / 44.2430556; -105.5386111 Real Presence Radio
K232CT (retransmits KCSP-FM) 94.3 MHz FM Christian Contemporary Gillette 44°12′34.00″N 105°28′2.00″W / 44.2094444°N 105.4672222°W / 44.2094444; -105.4672222 Western Inspirational Broadcasters
KCOV-LP 95.7 MHz FM Religious Gillette 44°17′15.00″N 105°30′21.00″W / 44.2875000°N 105.5058333°W / 44.2875000; -105.5058333 First Presbyterian Church
KAML-FM 97.3 MHz FM Top-40 Gillette 43°59′57.00″N 105°15′15.00″W / 43.9991667°N 105.2541667°W / 43.9991667; -105.2541667 Legend Communications of Wyoming
K253AZ (relays KLQQ) 98.5 MHz FM Top-40 Gillette 44°12′34.00″N 105°28′4.00″W / 44.2094444°N 105.4677778°W / 44.2094444; -105.4677778 Bill Rawlings
KGCC 99.9 MHz FM Classic Rock Gillette 44°17′33.00″N 105°26′10.00″W / 44.2925000°N 105.4361111°W / 44.2925000; -105.4361111 Keyhole Broadcasting
KGWY 100.7 MHz FM Country Gillette 44°14′35.00″N 105°32′19.00″W / 44.2430556°N 105.5386111°W / 44.2430556; -105.5386111 Legend Communications of Wyoming
K294BD (relays KLED) 106.7 MHz FM Country Gillette 44°14′35.00″N 105°32′19.00″W / 44.2430556°N 105.5386111°W / 44.2430556; -105.5386111 Legend Communications of Wyoming
K298CT (relays KIML AM) 107.5 MHz FM News/Talk Gillette 44°14′35.10″N 105°32′19.00″W / 44.2430833°N 105.5386111°W / 44.2430833; -105.5386111 Legend Communications of Wyoming
KIML 1270 kHz AM News/Talk Gillette 44°18′12.00″N 105°29′52.00″W / 44.3033333°N 105.4977778°W / 44.3033333; -105.4977778 Legend Communications of Wyoming

Gillette Public Access Television is the only television station located in Gillette. It is a traditional PEG cable access station operated by the City of Gillette. It can be viewed on Charter Communications Cable channels 189 (Education), 190 (Public Access) and 192 (Government). Programming on GPA-TV can be viewed live and archived online at [1].[39]

Infrastructure

At Gillette, Wyoming there is a LORAN-C transmitter at 44°00'11" N and 105°37'24" W. Its antenna, a 700 ft (213.36 meter) high guyed radio mast.


Military

At Gillette is a Wyoming National Guard armory. The A Battery, 2nd Battalion, 300th Field Artillery of the Wyoming National Guard are based in Casper, Gillette, and Lander. Also, the High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) unit is based in Gillette. In recent years soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, 300th Field Artillery have been deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Freedom's Sentinel. [40]

Tallest buildings

Name Height Floors Built [41] Address Image
Farmers Coop Association Feed and Grain Elevator 1928 [42] 207 East 1st Street
First Interstate Bank 1983 220 South Gillette Avenue
Campbell County Memorial Hospital 1982 501 South Burma Avenue

Transportation

Wyoming Highway 59 seen from Interstate 90 in Gillette

Gillette–Campbell County Airport (GCC) is served by United Airlines operated by SkyWest Airlines. SkyWest currently operates 6 flights daily in and out of Gillette to Denver.[43]

Highways


Notable people

Born in Gillette

From Gillette

In popular culture

In David Breskin's bildungsroman The Real Life Diary of a Boomtown Girl [49], Randi Bruce Harper is raised by parents in the Wyoming "oil-field service business;" as an adult she drives a Wabco haul truck "down in the pit" while living with her husband in Gillette. Randi is a member of the first all-female blasting team, the "Boom-Boom Girls."

The Manticore facility is set in Gillette in the cyberpunk TV show Dark Angel [50] and the books based on the show.[51] Several fan fiction stories were written with Gillette central to the story because of the reference.[52][53]

Marcus Sakey, in his Brilliance trilogy, lists Gillette as one of the three entrances (along with Rawlins and Shoshoni) to the New Canaan Holdfast, a large portion of Wyoming land owned by "abnorms."[54]

In an interview with HorrorHound magazine, actor and musician Bill Moseley of the band Cornbugs said he was the great-grandson of Edward Gillette and named their studio album Donkey Town in honor of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad's decision to change the name of Donkey Town to Gillette as a reward for Edward Gillette's surveying work.[55]

On December 5, 1998 Cheryl Trover a math teacher at Campbell County High School kidnapped and tied up her children, shot her husband John Trover with a .22-caliber pistol, and stabbed him to death with a hunting knife. She had stolen the gun from her lover of 4 years John Riley the principal at the same school. She then set fire to her pickup truck and lied to police about who committed her planned crimes. Once police suspected her she killed herself with a .270 rifle at a friend's house.[56] The events were dramatized in the crime story TV shows Redrum and Murderous Affairs.[57][58]

Sister cities

After the Mayor of Gillette visited a coal conference in China a delegation from Yulin, Shaanxi, China came to Gillette. These meetings eventually lead both becoming sister cities in 2012.[59][60]

References

  1. ^ City of Gillette (2018). "City of Gillette Organizational Chart". Gillette, Wyoming. City of Gillette. Archived from the original on 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  2. ^ a b "City Council Gillette Wyoming". Gillette Wyoming. City of Gillette. 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-12.
  3. ^ "2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Mar 27, 2019.
  4. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-14.
  5. ^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  6. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  8. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b United States Census Bureau. "U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts: Gillette city, Wyoming". United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  10. ^ "Coal Mine Tours - Campbell County Chamber of Commerce Gillette, WY". Gillettechamber.com. Archived from the original on 2014-11-14. Retrieved 2014-10-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Gillette, WY Population - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts". Censusviewer.com. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
  12. ^ About the County, Campbell County, Wyoming, archived from the original on 2012-09-10, retrieved 2012-08-20 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Urbanek, Mae (1988). Wyoming Place Names. Mountain Press Publishing Company. p. 81.
  14. ^ Edward Gillette (1925). Locating the iron trail. The Christopher Publishing House. p. 75. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  15. ^ Kelley, Mary (2010). Images of America: Gillette. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7385-8026-5.
  16. ^ a b "Historical Decennial Census Population for Wyoming Counties, Cities, and Towns". Wyoming Department of State / U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
  17. ^ Thompson, James G. (1979). "Gillette Syndrome A myth revisited?". Wyoming Issues. 2 (2): 30–35. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  18. ^ a b Filbin, Patrick (2018-03-08). "City Accepts Deeds to Annexed Parks". Gillette News Record. Gillette, Wyoming. Retrieved 2018-08-16.
  19. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  20. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-03-12. Retrieved 2012-12-14. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ Stueck, Dave. Trees & Shrubs for Gillette and Campbell County. Campbell County Rockpile Museum. p. preface.
  22. ^ PRISM Climate Group (2018). "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". USDA Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2018-11-09.
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  24. ^ "Gillette, WY Monthly Weather Forecast". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
  25. ^ Kelley, Mary (2010). Images of America: Gillette. Arcadia Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7385-8026-5.
  26. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". American Fact Finder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  27. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000". American Fact Finder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2018-05-29.
  28. ^ "Keyhole State Park". Wyomingtourism.org. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  29. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-01-31. Retrieved 2015-01-30. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2016-07-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  32. ^ "About City Council Meetings". Gillette, Wyoming. City of Gillette. 2018. Archived from the original on 2017-11-04. Retrieved 2018-10-08.
  33. ^ "City Council". Gillette, Wyoming. City of Gillette. 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-22.
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  35. ^ Filbin, Patrick (2016-12-22). "Lawmakers may pop cork on liquor licenses". Gillette News Record. Gillette, Wyoming. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
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  39. ^ "City of Gillette: Gillette Public Access". Gillettewy.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  40. ^ Koile, Kevin (2015-02-10). "Wyoming Army National Guard Unit To Be Deployed To Afghanistan". K2 Radio. Archived from the original on 2018-04-16. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
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  43. ^ "The Gillette-Campbell County Airport". Iflygillette.com. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
  44. ^ "Players by birthplace". Baseball Reference. Sports Reference. 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
  45. ^ "Gillette Mayors". Gillette Wyoming. City of Gillette. 2018. Archived from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
  46. ^ "Mark A. Klaassen Sworn in as United States Attorney". United States Department of Justice. United States Attorney's Office District of Wyoming. 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-05-03. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
  47. ^ Appel, JM. Phoning Home. University of South Carolina Press, 2014
  48. ^ "Biographical Profile for Jillian Balow". Vote-wy.org. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  49. ^ Breskin, David (October 17, 1989). "The Real Life Diary of a Boomtown Girl". Viking. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  50. ^ Cameron, James (executive director). Dark Angel (Television production). United States: Fox.
  51. ^ Collins, Max Allen (October 2002). Dark Angel: Before the Dawn. Random House Publishing Group. p. 3. ISBN 9780345463210.
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  53. ^ Doc Dracula (2006-02-27). "L'ennemi Caché". FanFiction. Retrieved 2018-01-23.
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