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[[Image:Memorial sloan-kettering cancer center.jpg|thumb|right|The relocated Memorial Hospital building, built between 1936 and 1939, standing on its present location on York Avenue]]
[[Image:Memorial sloan-kettering cancer center.jpg|thumb|right|The relocated Memorial Hospital building, built between 1936 and 1939, standing on its present location on York Avenue]]


'''Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center''' ('''MSK''' or '''MSKCC''') is a [[cancer]] treatment and research institution in [[New York City]], founded in 1884 as the '''New York Cancer Hospital'''. Its main campus is located at 1275 [[York Avenue / Sutton Place|York Avenue]], between 67th and 68th Streets, in [[Manhattan]].
'''Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center''' ('''MSK''' or '''MSKCC''') is a [[cancer]] treatment and research institution in [[New York City]], founded in 1884 as the '''New York Cancer Hospital'''.<ref>{{cite news|title=The New York Cancer Hospital: laying the corner-stone of a much-needed institution|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9403E3D9173FE533A2575BC1A9639C94659FD7CF|accessdate=4 February 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=18 May 1884}}</ref> Its main campus is located at 1275 [[York Avenue / Sutton Place|York Avenue]], between 67th and 68th Streets, in [[Manhattan]].


==History==
==History==
===1884-1934: New York Cancer Hospital===
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is composed of two related institutions: Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases, providing patient care, and Sloan Kettering Institute, focused on basic-science research.
Memorial Hospital was founded on the Upper West Side of Manhattan<ref name=Barbanel/> in 1884 as the [[New York Cancer Hospital]] by a group that included [[John Jacob Astor III]] and his wife Charlotte.<ref name="Abel">{{cite book|last1=Abel|first1=Emily K.|title=The inevitable hour: a history of caring for dying patients in America|date=2013|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, Md.|isbn=978-1421409191|pages=66-67|accessdate=19 February 2016}}</ref> The hospital appointed William B. Coley as an attending surgeon, who pioneered an early form of immunotherapy to eradicate tumors.<ref>{{cite book|title=Coley to Cure:The Story of the Cancer Research Institute|date=2014|publisher=Cancer Research Institute|pages=12-13|url=https://cloud.3dissue.com/75528/75875/90117/ColeytoCure/index.html|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref> [[Mother Mary Alphonsa|Rose Hawthorne]], daughter of author [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], trained there in the summer of 1896 before founding her own order, [[Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Fran|last2=Himmel|first2=Shiela|title=Changing the Way We Die: Compassionate End of Life Care and The Hospice Movement|year=2013|location= |publisher=Cleis Press|pages=23|isbn=9781936740604}}</ref> In 1899, the hospital was renamed General Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases.<ref>{{cite news|title=SESSION OF THE SENATE.; Bills Passed and Introduced and Routine Business Transacted.|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D01EEDB1738E733A25755C1A9649C94689ED7CF|accessdate=27 February 2016|work=New York Times|date=15 Feb 1899}}</ref>


Around 1910 [[James Ewing (pathologist)|James Ewing]], a professor at Cornell University's medical college, with the help of industrialist and philanthropist [[James Douglas (businessman)|James Douglas]], who gave $100,000 to endow twenty beds for clinical research, equipment for working with [[radium]], and a clinical laboratory for that purpose.<ref name=NASbio/> Douglas' enthusiasm and funding for development of [[radiation therapy]] for cancer inspired Ewing to become one of the pioneers in developing this treatment.<ref name=NASbio/> Ewing soon took over effective leadership of clinical and laboratory research at Memorial.<ref name=NASbio/> In 1916 the hospital was renamed again, dropping “General” to become known simply as Memorial Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases Thirty First Annual Report for the Year 1915|page=19}}</ref> The first fellowship training program in the US was created at Memorial in 1927, funded by the Rockefellers.<ref name=EwingLecture>{{cite web|last1=Wilkins|first1=Sam A. Jr.|title=James Ewing Society, 1940-1969: Presidential Address|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/1097-0142(197002)25:2%3C321::AID-CNCR2820250207%3E3.0.CO;2-R/asset/2820250207_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=imbfy6ah&s=eba11907ae69c486cdb6c017017da73258a6291e|page=321-323|date=25 Feb 1970|PMID=4905156}}</ref> In 1931 the then-most-powerful 900k-volt [[X-ray tube]] was put into use in [[radiation therapy|radiation-based cancer treatment]] at Memorial; the tube had been built by [[General Electric]] over several years.<ref>{{cite news|title=900,000-VOLT TUBE TO COMBAT CANCER: Largest X-Ray Device of Kind Being Built by General Electric for Hospital Here|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE5DF163DEE32A25752C0A9659C946094D6CF|accessdate=4 February 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=1 Mar 1931}}</ref> In 1931 Ewing was formally appointed president of the hospital, a role he had effectively played until then,<ref name=NASbio/> and was featured on the cover of Time Magazine as "Cancer Man Ewing";<ref>Time Magazine [http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,1101310112,00.html Cover], January 12, 1931</ref> the accompanying article described his role as one of the most important cancer doctors of his era.<ref>Cancer Crusade. Jan 12, 1931. Time Magazine 17(2):26</ref> He worked at the Memorial until his retirement, in 1939.<ref name=BrandBio>Brand RA. Biographical sketch: James Stephen Ewing, MD (1844-1943). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Mar;470(3):639-41. PMID 22207564 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3270161/ PMC 3270161]</ref> Under his leadership, Memorial became a model for other cancer centers in the United States, combining patient care with clinical and laboratory research,<ref name=EwingLecture/> and it was said of him that "The relationship of Ewing to the Memorial Hospital can best be expressed in the words of Emerson, 'Every institution is but the lengthening shadow of some man.' Dr. Ewing is the Memorial Hospital".<ref name=NASbio>James B. Murphy [http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/ewing-james.pdf James Ewing Biographical Memoir] National Academy of Sciences Washington D.C., 1951.</ref>
Memorial Hospital was founded in 1884 as the [[New York Cancer Hospital]] by a group that included [[John Jacob Astor III]] and his wife Charlotte; the hospital was originally located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan.<ref name=Barbanel/> The hospital was later renamed General Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases.<ref name="MSKCC.org_history_page"/> [[Mother Mary Alphonsa|Rose Hawthorne]], daughter of author [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], trained here in the summer of 1896 before founding her own order, [[Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Fran|last2=Himmel|first2=Shiela|title=Changing the Way We Die: Compassionate End of Life Care and The Hospice Movement|year=2013|location= |publisher=Cleis Press|pages=23|isbn=9781936740512}}</ref> In 1936, [[John D. Rockefeller, Jr.]] donated land on York Avenue and in 1939 the institution moved to that location.<ref name="MSKCC.org_history_page"/>


===1934-1980: Memorial Hospital and the Sloan Kettering Institute===
In the 1940s, [[Alfred P. Sloan]] and [[Charles F. Kettering]] donated money to create the Sloan Kettering Institute.<ref name="MSKCC.org_history_page">{{Citation |author=Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |title=History & Milestones. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center website. |url=https://www.mskcc.org/history-milestones |postscript=.}}</ref> Built adjacent to Memorial Hospital, it could bring together the institute's research with the hospital's clinical care.<ref>{{cite news | author = | title = Sloan, Kettering to Combat Cancer; Studying Sketch of Proposed Cancer Research Institute | url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70D11FA3A5F1B7B93CAA91783D85F418485F9 | work = [[The New York Times]] | page = 1 (cont'd p. 40) | date= August 8, 1945 | accessdate = }}</ref>
In 1934, [[John D. Rockefeller, Jr.]] donated land on York Avenue for a new location.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rockefeller Gives Block to Institute|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=940DE0DA173CEE32A2575BC2A9649D946594D6CF|accessdate=4 February 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=28 Dec 1934}}</ref> Two years later, he granted Memorial Hospital $3,000,000 and the hospital began their move across town.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rockefeller Provides $3,000,000 to Build Cancer Hospital Here|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9801E6DC1530E13BBC4051DFB266838D629EDE|accessdate=4 February 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=28 Apr 1936}}</ref> Memorial Hospital officially reopened at the new location in 1939.<ref>{{cite news|title=THE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE7DF1530E53ABC4E52DFB0668382629EDE|accessdate=27 February 2016|work=New York Times|date=16 Jun 1939}}</ref><ref name="MSKCC.org_history_page">{{Citation |author=Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |title=History & Milestones. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center website. |url=https://www.mskcc.org/history-milestones |postscript=.}}</ref> In 1945, the chairman of [[General Motors]], [[Alfred P. Sloan]], donated $4,000,000 to create the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research through his Sloan Foundation, and [[Charles F. Kettering]], GM’s vice president and director of research, personally agreed to oversee the organization of a cancer research program based on industrial techniques.<ref name="NYT 1945">{{cite news | author = | title = Sloan, Kettering to Combat Cancer; Studying Sketch of Proposed Cancer Research Institute | url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70D11FA3A5F1B7B93CAA91783D85F418485F9 | work = [[The New York Times]] | page = 1 (cont'd p. 40) | date= August 8, 1945 | accessdate = }}</ref> The originally independent research institute was built adjacent to Memorial Hospital.<ref name="NYT 1945"/>


In 1948 [[Cornelius P. Rhoads]] became the director of Memorial. Rhoads had run [[chemical weapons]] programs for the US army in World War II, and had been involved in the work that led to the discovery that [[nitrogen mustard|nitrogen mustards]] could potentially be used as cancer drugs.<ref name=Emp/>{{rp|91-92}} He fostered a collaboration between [[Joseph H. Burchenal]], a clinician at Memorial and [[Gertrude B. Elion]] and [[George H. Hitchings]] at Burroughs Wellcome, who had discovered [[mercaptopurine|6 MP]]; the collaboration led to the development and eventual wide use of this cancer drug.<ref>Katherine Bouton for the New York Times. January 29, 1989 [http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/29/magazine/the-nobel-pair.html?pagewanted=all The Nobel Pair]</ref><ref name=Emp>{{cite book|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Siddhartha|title=The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer|ISBN=978-1439170915|date=2010|location=New York}}</ref>{{rp|91-92}}
In 1960, a new corporation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, was formed to coordinate the two institutions; they merged in 1980.<ref name="MSKCC.org_history_page"/>


In 1960, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was formed as a new corporation to coordinate the two institutions; [[John R. Heller Jr.|John Heller]], the former director of the National Cancer Institute was named its president.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Aide to Head Cancer Center: Dr. John R. Heller, Cured of Disease, to Assume New Sloan-Kettering Post|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06EED8143DE333A2575AC1A9629C946191D6CF|accessdate=4 February 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=19 Apr 1960}}</ref> At the end of the 1960s, as the field of [[pediatric oncology]] began seeing success in treating children with cancer, Memorial opened an [[outpatient]] pediatric day hospital, partly to deal with the growing number of cancer survivors.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Rudy|title=Parents Are on Team at Memorial's Day Hospital for Children With Cancer|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B05EEDE143DE53ABC4B53DFB4678389669EDE|publisher=New York Times|date=3 Dec 1972}}</ref> In the early 1970s, Burchenal and [[Benno C. Schmidt, Sr.|Benno Schmidt]], a professional investor and trustee of MSK, were appointed the presidential panel that initiated the U.S. federal government's [[War on Cancer]] in the early 1970s.<ref name=Emp/>{{rp|184}} When Congress passed the National Cancer Act of 1971 as part of that effort, Memorial Sloan Kettering was designated as one of only three [[NCI-designated_Cancer_Center|Comprehensive Cancer Centers]] nationwide.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marks|first1=Paul|last2=Sterngold|first2=James|title=On the Cancer Frontier: One Man, One Disease, and a Medical Revolution|date=2014|publisher=PublicAffairs|page=91|accessdate=4 February 2016|isbn=1610392523}}</ref> In 1977, [[Jimmie C. Holland]] established a full-time psychiatric service at MSK dedicated to helping people with cancer cope with their disease and its treatment; it was one of the first such programs was part of the creation of the field of [[psycho-oncology]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Annual Report, 1977|page=22}}</ref><ref name="Rosenthal">{{cite news|last1=Rosenthal|first1=Elizabeth|title=Scientist at Work: Jimmie Holland; Listening to the Emotional Needs of Cancer Patients|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/science/scientist-work-jimmie-holland-listening-emotional-needs-cancer-patients.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=22 March 2016|work=New York Times|date=20 Jul 1997}}</ref>
⚫
The Memorial Sloan Kettering Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center occupies 1425 First Avenue on the corner of [[74th Street (Manhattan)|East 74th Street]] in Manhattan. The former bank was built in the 1930s by [[Perkins Eastman|Perkins and Will]] as architects. It was remodeled for use by Memorial Sloan Kettering in 1997.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MTJlkowOwA4C&pg=PT3563&dq=memoria+sloan-kettering+international+center&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iK7oUIeSLIyN0QHQzIFQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAQ |title=AIA Guide to New York City |author=Norval White, Elliot Willensky, Fran Leadon |publisher= |date= |accessdate=January 10, 2013}}</ref>


===1980-onward: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center===
As of November 1, 2010, the President and CEO of Memorial Sloan Kettering is the oncologist and researcher [[Craig B. Thompson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/99913.cfm |title=Craig Thompson Named President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center &#124; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |publisher=Mskcc.org |date=August 10, 2010 |accessdate=January 10, 2013}}</ref>
In 1980 Memorial Hospital and the Sloan-Kettering Institute formally merged into a singular entity under the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center name.<ref name="MSKCC.org_history_page"/>


In 2000, former [[NIH]] director [[Harold Varmus]] became the director of MSK.<ref name="Varmus Papers">{{cite web|title=The Harold Varmus Papers: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 2000-2010, and National Cancer Institute, 2010-2015|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/MV/p-nid/369|website=profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=22 April 2016}}</ref> During his tenure, he helped build new facilities, strengthened the bond between MSK's clinical and research arms, and fostered collaborations with other institutions, including Weill-Cornell Medical College and Rockefeller University.<ref name="Varmus Papers"/>
⚫
[[File:Bendheim Sloan-Kettering 1 Av 74 St jeh.jpg|thumb|Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center]]

[[Craig B. Thompson]], oncologist and researcher, was appointed MSK’s president and CEO in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/99913.cfm |title=Craig Thompson Named President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center &#124; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |publisher=Mskcc.org |date=August 10, 2010 |accessdate=January 10, 2013}}</ref> The following year, MSK was rated the third most successful nonprofit in terms of FDA-approved drugs and vaccines, behind the National Institutes of Health and the University of California system.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stevens|first1=AJ|last2=Jensen|first2=JJ|last3=Wyller|first3=K|last4=Kilgore|first4=PC|last5=Chatterjee|first5=S|last6=Rohrbaugh|first6=ML|title=The role of public-sector research in the discovery of drugs and vaccines.|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=10 February 2011|volume=364|issue=6|pages=535-41|pmid=21306239}}</ref> In 2012, Thompson appointed [[Jose Baselga|José Baselga]] as physician-in-chief, who directs the clinical side of MSK.<ref>{{cite news|title=Center names physician-in-chief|publisher=HemOnc Today|url=http://www.healio.com/hematology-oncology/practice-management/news/print/hemonc-today/%7B20593db8-bd40-4c49-970a-9fe52a576835%7D/center-names-physician-in-chief|date=10 Nov 2012}}</ref> That same year, a collaboration with [[IBM]]’s [[Watson_(computer)|Watson]] was announced with the goal of developing new tools and resources to better tailor diagnostic and treatment recommendations for patients.<ref>{{cite book|title=Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Annual Report, 2013|page=5}}</ref> The director of SKI, the research arm of MSK, [[Joan Massagué]] was appointed in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barajas|first1=Carlos|title=El español Joan Massagué, al frente del Sloan-Kettering de Nueva York|publisher=El Mundo|date=26 Nov 2013|url=http://www.elmundo.es/salud/2013/11/26/52949c7761fd3d453b8b459e.html}}</ref>


==Reputation==
==Reputation==
In 2015 [[American Institute of Philanthropy|Charity Watch]] rated Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center an "A."<ref name="Charity Watch">{{cite web|title=Charity Ratings|url=https://www.charitywatch.org/ratings-and-metrics/memorial-sloan-kettering-cancer-center/137|website=www.charitywatch.org|accessdate=5 April 2016}}</ref> Heads of the charity received $2,107,939 to $2,639,669 salary/compensation from the charity. CEO Craig B. Thompson received $2,554,085 salary/compensation from the charity.<ref name="Charity Watch"/>
As of 2014, ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' ranked MSK as the #1 cancer hospital in the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Best Hospitals 2013: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |year=2014 |url=http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/rankings/cancer |accessdate=April 26, 2012 }}</ref>

[[U.S._News_%26_World_Report|US News & World]] voted MSK as the number 2 cancer facility in the US for 2015-2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. News & World Report Releases 2015–16 Best Hospitals|url=http://www.usnews.com/info/blogs/press-room/2015/07/21/us-news-releases-201516-best-hospitals|website=US News & World Report|accessdate=5 April 2016|date=21 July 2015}}</ref>

==Associated facilities==
⚫
[[File:Bendheim Sloan-Kettering 1 Av 74 St jeh.jpg|thumb|Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center]]
⚫
The Memorial Sloan Kettering Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center occupies 1425 First Avenue on the corner of [[74th Street (Manhattan)|East 74th Street]] in Manhattan. The former bank was built in the 1930s by [[Perkins Eastman|Perkins and Will]] as architects. It was remodeled for use by Memorial Sloan Kettering in 1997.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MTJlkowOwA4C&pg=PT3563&dq=memoria+sloan-kettering+international+center&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iK7oUIeSLIyN0QHQzIFQ&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAQ |title=AIA Guide to New York City |author=Norval White, Elliot Willensky, Fran Leadon |publisher= |date= |accessdate=January 10, 2013}}</ref>


In 2005, the [[Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.]] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences was opened at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, with the goal of furthering research by introducing students to an interactive and innovative environment.<ref>{{cite book|title=Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Annual Report, 2005|page=3}}</ref>
[[American Institute of Philanthropy|Charity Watch]] rates Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center an "A." Heads of the charity received $1,955,000 to $2,557,000 salary/compensation from the charity. [[Harold E. Varmus]], Past President/CEO, received $2,557,403 salary/compensation from the charity, which is the most money given by any charity to the head of that charity, according to Charity Watch.<ref>Charity Rating Guide and Watchdog Report, Volume Number 59, December 2011</ref>


==Notes==
==References==
{{reflist|33em}}
{{reflist|33em}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center}}
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1884]]
[[:Category:Hospitals established in 1884]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1973]]
[[:Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1973]]
[[Category:Cancer hospitals]]
[[:Category:Cancer hospitals]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Manhattan]]
[[:Category:Hospitals in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Institutions founded by the Rockefeller family]]
[[:Category:Institutions founded by the Rockefeller family]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Manhattan]]
[[:Category:Universities and colleges in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Charles F. Kettering]]
[[:Category:Charles F. Kettering]]
[[Category:Upper East Side]]
[[:Category:Upper East Side]]
[[Category:Medical research institutes in the United States]]
[[:Category:Medical research institutes in the United States]]

Revision as of 01:20, 6 May 2016

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
File:MSKCC logo.jpg
Map
Geography
LocationNew York City, NY, United States
Organization
FundingNon-profit hospital
TypeSpecialist
Affiliated universityWeill Cornell Medical College
Services
Emergency departmentUrgent care center
Beds471
SpecialityCancer
History
Opened1884[1] (as New York Cancer Hospital)
Links
Websitewww.mskcc.org
ListsHospitals in the United States
Other linksHospitals in New York
The original New York Cancer Hospital,[2] built between 1884 and 1886, now housing, at 455 Central Park West and 106th Street in Manhattan.
The relocated Memorial Hospital building, built between 1936 and 1939, standing on its present location on York Avenue

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in New York City, founded in 1884 as the New York Cancer Hospital.[3] Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue, between 67th and 68th Streets, in Manhattan.

History

1884-1934: New York Cancer Hospital

Memorial Hospital was founded on the Upper West Side of Manhattan[2] in 1884 as the New York Cancer Hospital by a group that included John Jacob Astor III and his wife Charlotte.[4] The hospital appointed William B. Coley as an attending surgeon, who pioneered an early form of immunotherapy to eradicate tumors.[5] Rose Hawthorne, daughter of author Nathaniel Hawthorne, trained there in the summer of 1896 before founding her own order, Dominican Sisters of Hawthorne.[6] In 1899, the hospital was renamed General Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases.[7]

Around 1910 James Ewing, a professor at Cornell University's medical college, with the help of industrialist and philanthropist James Douglas, who gave $100,000 to endow twenty beds for clinical research, equipment for working with radium, and a clinical laboratory for that purpose.[8] Douglas' enthusiasm and funding for development of radiation therapy for cancer inspired Ewing to become one of the pioneers in developing this treatment.[8] Ewing soon took over effective leadership of clinical and laboratory research at Memorial.[8] In 1916 the hospital was renamed again, dropping “General” to become known simply as Memorial Hospital.[9] The first fellowship training program in the US was created at Memorial in 1927, funded by the Rockefellers.[10] In 1931 the then-most-powerful 900k-volt X-ray tube was put into use in radiation-based cancer treatment at Memorial; the tube had been built by General Electric over several years.[11] In 1931 Ewing was formally appointed president of the hospital, a role he had effectively played until then,[8] and was featured on the cover of Time Magazine as "Cancer Man Ewing";[12] the accompanying article described his role as one of the most important cancer doctors of his era.[13] He worked at the Memorial until his retirement, in 1939.[14] Under his leadership, Memorial became a model for other cancer centers in the United States, combining patient care with clinical and laboratory research,[10] and it was said of him that "The relationship of Ewing to the Memorial Hospital can best be expressed in the words of Emerson, 'Every institution is but the lengthening shadow of some man.' Dr. Ewing is the Memorial Hospital".[8]

1934-1980: Memorial Hospital and the Sloan Kettering Institute

In 1934, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. donated land on York Avenue for a new location.[15] Two years later, he granted Memorial Hospital $3,000,000 and the hospital began their move across town.[16] Memorial Hospital officially reopened at the new location in 1939.[17][18] In 1945, the chairman of General Motors, Alfred P. Sloan, donated $4,000,000 to create the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research through his Sloan Foundation, and Charles F. Kettering, GM’s vice president and director of research, personally agreed to oversee the organization of a cancer research program based on industrial techniques.[19] The originally independent research institute was built adjacent to Memorial Hospital.[19]

In 1948 Cornelius P. Rhoads became the director of Memorial. Rhoads had run chemical weapons programs for the US army in World War II, and had been involved in the work that led to the discovery that nitrogen mustards could potentially be used as cancer drugs.[20]: 91–92  He fostered a collaboration between Joseph H. Burchenal, a clinician at Memorial and Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, who had discovered 6 MP; the collaboration led to the development and eventual wide use of this cancer drug.[21][20]: 91–92 

In 1960, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was formed as a new corporation to coordinate the two institutions; John Heller, the former director of the National Cancer Institute was named its president.[22] At the end of the 1960s, as the field of pediatric oncology began seeing success in treating children with cancer, Memorial opened an outpatient pediatric day hospital, partly to deal with the growing number of cancer survivors.[23] In the early 1970s, Burchenal and Benno Schmidt, a professional investor and trustee of MSK, were appointed the presidential panel that initiated the U.S. federal government's War on Cancer in the early 1970s.[20]: 184  When Congress passed the National Cancer Act of 1971 as part of that effort, Memorial Sloan Kettering was designated as one of only three Comprehensive Cancer Centers nationwide.[24] In 1977, Jimmie C. Holland established a full-time psychiatric service at MSK dedicated to helping people with cancer cope with their disease and its treatment; it was one of the first such programs was part of the creation of the field of psycho-oncology. [25][26]

1980-onward: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

In 1980 Memorial Hospital and the Sloan-Kettering Institute formally merged into a singular entity under the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center name.[18]

In 2000, former NIH director Harold Varmus became the director of MSK.[27] During his tenure, he helped build new facilities, strengthened the bond between MSK's clinical and research arms, and fostered collaborations with other institutions, including Weill-Cornell Medical College and Rockefeller University.[27]

Craig B. Thompson, oncologist and researcher, was appointed MSK’s president and CEO in 2010.[28] The following year, MSK was rated the third most successful nonprofit in terms of FDA-approved drugs and vaccines, behind the National Institutes of Health and the University of California system.[29] In 2012, Thompson appointed José Baselga as physician-in-chief, who directs the clinical side of MSK.[30] That same year, a collaboration with IBM’s Watson was announced with the goal of developing new tools and resources to better tailor diagnostic and treatment recommendations for patients.[31] The director of SKI, the research arm of MSK, Joan Massagué was appointed in 2013.[32]

Reputation

In 2015 Charity Watch rated Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center an "A."[33] Heads of the charity received $2,107,939 to $2,639,669 salary/compensation from the charity. CEO Craig B. Thompson received $2,554,085 salary/compensation from the charity.[33]

US News & World voted MSK as the number 2 cancer facility in the US for 2015-2016.[34]

Associated facilities

Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center

The Memorial Sloan Kettering Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center occupies 1425 First Avenue on the corner of East 74th Street in Manhattan. The former bank was built in the 1930s by Perkins and Will as architects. It was remodeled for use by Memorial Sloan Kettering in 1997.[35]

In 2005, the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences was opened at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, with the goal of furthering research by introducing students to an interactive and innovative environment.[36]

References

  1. ^ http://www.forbes.com/companies/memorial-sloan-kettering-cancer-center/
  2. ^ a b Barbanel, Josh. "Would an Aardvark Live Here?" The New York Times, September 17, 2006. Accessed December 31, 2009.
  3. ^ "The New York Cancer Hospital: laying the corner-stone of a much-needed institution". New York Times. May 18, 1884. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  4. ^ Abel, Emily K. (2013). The inevitable hour: a history of caring for dying patients in America. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-1421409191. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  5. ^ Coley to Cure:The Story of the Cancer Research Institute. Cancer Research Institute. 2014. pp. 12–13. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  6. ^ Smith, Fran; Himmel, Shiela (2013). Changing the Way We Die: Compassionate End of Life Care and The Hospice Movement. Cleis Press. p. 23. ISBN 9781936740604.
  7. ^ "SESSION OF THE SENATE.; Bills Passed and Introduced and Routine Business Transacted". New York Times. February 15, 1899. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e James B. Murphy James Ewing Biographical Memoir National Academy of Sciences Washington D.C., 1951.
  9. ^ "Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases Thirty First Annual Report for the Year 1915". p. 19. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. ^ a b Wilkins, Sam A. Jr. (February 25, 1970). "James Ewing Society, 1940-1969: Presidential Address" (PDF). p. 321-323. PMID 4905156.
  11. ^ "900,000-VOLT TUBE TO COMBAT CANCER: Largest X-Ray Device of Kind Being Built by General Electric for Hospital Here". New York Times. March 1, 1931. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  12. ^ Time Magazine Cover, January 12, 1931
  13. ^ Cancer Crusade. Jan 12, 1931. Time Magazine 17(2):26
  14. ^ Brand RA. Biographical sketch: James Stephen Ewing, MD (1844-1943). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Mar;470(3):639-41. PMID 22207564 PMC 3270161
  15. ^ "Rockefeller Gives Block to Institute". New York Times. December 28, 1934. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  16. ^ "Rockefeller Provides $3,000,000 to Build Cancer Hospital Here". New York Times. April 28, 1936. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  17. ^ "THE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL". New York Times. June 16, 1939. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  18. ^ a b Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, History & Milestones. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center website..
  19. ^ a b "Sloan, Kettering to Combat Cancer; Studying Sketch of Proposed Cancer Research Institute". The New York Times. August 8, 1945. p. 1 (cont'd p. 40).
  20. ^ a b c Mukherjee, Siddhartha (2010). The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. New York. ISBN 978-1439170915.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ^ Katherine Bouton for the New York Times. January 29, 1989 The Nobel Pair
  22. ^ "U.S. Aide to Head Cancer Center: Dr. John R. Heller, Cured of Disease, to Assume New Sloan-Kettering Post". New York Times. April 19, 1960. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  23. ^ Johnson, Rudy (December 3, 1972). "Parents Are on Team at Memorial's Day Hospital for Children With Cancer". New York Times.
  24. ^ Marks, Paul; Sterngold, James (2014). On the Cancer Frontier: One Man, One Disease, and a Medical Revolution. PublicAffairs. p. 91. ISBN 1610392523. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  25. ^ "Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Annual Report, 1977". p. 22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  26. ^ Rosenthal, Elizabeth (July 20, 1997). "Scientist at Work: Jimmie Holland; Listening to the Emotional Needs of Cancer Patients". New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
  27. ^ a b "The Harold Varmus Papers: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 2000-2010, and National Cancer Institute, 2010-2015". profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  28. ^ "Craig Thompson Named President of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center". Mskcc.org. August 10, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  29. ^ Stevens, AJ; Jensen, JJ; Wyller, K; Kilgore, PC; Chatterjee, S; Rohrbaugh, ML (February 10, 2011). "The role of public-sector research in the discovery of drugs and vaccines". The New England journal of medicine. 364 (6): 535–41. PMID 21306239.
  30. ^ "Center names physician-in-chief". HemOnc Today. November 10, 2012.
  31. ^ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Annual Report, 2013. p. 5.
  32. ^ Barajas, Carlos (November 26, 2013). "El español Joan Massagué, al frente del Sloan-Kettering de Nueva York". El Mundo.
  33. ^ a b "Charity Ratings". www.charitywatch.org. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  34. ^ "U.S. News & World Report Releases 2015–16 Best Hospitals". US News & World Report. July 21, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  35. ^ Norval White, Elliot Willensky, Fran Leadon. AIA Guide to New York City. Retrieved January 10, 2013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  36. ^ Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Annual Report, 2005. p. 3.

External links

40°45′51″N 73°57′25″W / 40.764096°N 73.956842°W / 40.764096; -73.956842


Category:Hospitals established in 1884 Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1973 Category:Cancer hospitals Category:Hospitals in Manhattan Category:Institutions founded by the Rockefeller family Category:Universities and colleges in Manhattan Category:Charles F. Kettering Category:Upper East Side Category:Medical research institutes in the United States

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