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| Background = group_or_band
| Background = group_or_band
| Origin = [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], [[Queens]],<br />[[New York]], [[United States|USA]]
| Origin = [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], [[Queens]],<br />[[New York]], [[United States|USA]]
| Genre = [[Punk rock]]<!--While they may having influenced it, don't recontextualize the Ramones as punk-pop! FROM ALLMUSIC (http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=77:2928): "Punk-Pop is a post-grunge strand of alternative rock". Yes, a 'POST-grunge' style.-->
| Genre = [[Punk rock]], [[pop punk]]<ref name="punk77" /><ref name="ramonesmania" /><ref name="pbsEnd" />
| Years_active = 1974 – 1996
| Years_active = 1974 – 1996
| Label = [[Sire Records|Sire]]<br /><small>(US & UK, 1976–1992)</small><br />[[Radioactive Records|Radioactive]]<br /><small>(US, 1992–1996)</small><br />[[Chrysalis Records|Chrysalis]]<br /><small>(UK, 1992–1996)</small>
| Label = [[Sire Records|Sire]]<br /><small>(US & UK, 1976–1992)</small><br />[[Radioactive Records|Radioactive]]<br /><small>(US, 1992–1996)</small><br />[[Chrysalis Records|Chrysalis]]<br /><small>(UK, 1992–1996)</small>

Revision as of 04:19, 24 July 2008

This article is about the band. For their self-titled debut album, see Ramones (album).
Ramones

The Ramones were an American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group.[1][2]

Formed in Forest Hills, Queens, New York, in 1974[2], all members of the band used stage names with their surnames as "Ramone", though none of them are actually related. They performed 2,263 concerts, touring virtually non-stop for 22 years.[2] In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played their final show and then disbanded. The band's three founding members—Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone and Dee Dee Ramone—died within eight years of the break-up.[3]

The Ramones failed to achieve much commercial success during their years of recording and performing. Their only album to reach certified gold status in the U.S. was their compilation album Ramones Mania.[4] Appreciation of the band has grown since the 1980s, and they now regularly appear on "all-time greatest" lists, such as Rolling Stone’s list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, Rolling Stone’s list of 25 Greatest Live Albums of All Time,[5] VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock and Mojo's 100 Greatest Albums.[6][7][8] In 2002, the Ramones were voted the second greatest rock and roll band ever in Spin Magazine, trailing only The Beatles.[9] On March 18, 2002, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[2][10]

History

Pre-history

The pre-history of the band is centered in and around the middle-class neighborhood of Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens.

Most of the members had been in various bands since the late 1960s. Johnny and Tommy had both been in a high school garage band circa 1966-67 known as the Tangerine Puppets, and Joey was in the short-lived early 1970s glam rock band Sniper. The initial version of the Ramones included Jeffrey Hyman on drums, John Cummings on guitar, and Douglas Colvin on bass and lead vocals. Colvin was the first to use the name Ramone, calling himself Dee Dee Ramone. He was inspired by the fact that Paul McCartney (in his "Silver Beatles" days) used the pseudonym Paul Ramon.[11] He convinced the other members to take on the name, and came up with the idea of calling the band the Ramones.[12] Hyman and Cummings would become Joey Ramone and Johnny Ramone, respectively.

1974-1979

The band held their rehearsals at a New York City studio managed by a friend of the band, Thomas Erdelyi (a.k.a. Tommy Ramone),[13] who would become the band's manager, and Monte A. Melnick who would become the band's tour manager. Soon after the band was formed, Dee Dee realized that he could not sing and play bass at the same time,[14] so Joey became the band's lead vocalist. (Dee Dee would continue, however, to count off each song's tempo with his signature rapid-fire shout of "1-2-3-4!".) Joey would also realize that he could not sing and play drums at the same time, and left the position of drummer. While auditioning new drummers, manager Thomas Erdelyi would often take to the drums and demonstrate to auditioners how to play the songs. It became apparent that he was able to play the group's songs better than anyone else, and he joined the band as drummer Tommy Ramone.

The band played their first concert on March 30, 1974, at Performance Studios in New York.[2] The songs they played were very fast and very short; most clocked in at under two minutes. In the early 1970s, a new music scene emerged in New York when many bands started to play in clubs on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, such as Max's Kansas City and most famously CBGB's.

After garnering considerable attention for their performances at CBGB's, the group was signed to a recording contract in Autumn 1975 by Seymour Stein of Sire Records, whose wife Linda Stein had seen them play at CBGB's and would later co-manage the band with Danny Fields.[15] They soon recorded their debut album, Ramones on an extremely low budget; about $6,400. The band was plagued by hostile audience reactions outside of New York City. It wasn’t until they made a small tour of England that they began to see the fruits of their labor: a performance at The Roundhouse in London on July 4, 1976 (second-billed to the Flamin' Groovies), which Linda Stein had organized,[16] was a huge success. Their appearance galvanized the burgeoning UK punk rock scene, inspiring future punk stars, including members of The Clash, The Damned, and the Sex Pistols.[17] The Flamin' Groovies/Ramones double-bill was successfully reprised at The Roxy in Los Angeles the following month, which also inspired local Los Angeles musicians.

On December 31, 1977, the Ramones recorded It's Alive, a live concert double album, at the Rainbow Theatre, London, which was released in April 1979. The title is a reference to the 1974 horror movie of the same name. Their next two albums, Leave Home and Rocket to Russia were released in 1977. Dave Marsh wrote in Rolling Stone that Rocket to Russia was "the best American rock & roll of the year".[18] Both records were co-produced by Tony Bongiovi, the second cousin of Jon Bon Jovi.[19] Tommy, tired of touring, left the band and was replaced by Mark Bell, who became Marky Ramone.

In 1978 the band released their fourth album, and first with Marky, Road to Ruin. The album included some new sounds like acoustic guitar, several ballads, and songs over three minutes, but still failed to chart highly.

1980–1989

After the band's movie debut in Roger Corman's Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979), the legendary producer Phil Spector became interested in the Ramones and produced their 1980 album End of the Century. During the recording sessions, Spector pulled a gun on Dee Dee, and forced him to repeatedly play a riff.[20] The band would later consider this one of their "not-so-great" albums, crediting tensions between the producer and the artists. Johnny recalls that he was disappointed with the outcome of End of the Century. When asked in interviews, Johnny would indicate that he favored the band's more aggressive punk material. (He also conveyed this feeling with the title and track selection of the post-breakup collection CD that he compiled: Loud, Fast Ramones: Their Toughest Hits.) In contrast, End of the Century material such as the syrupy, string-section laden Ronettes cover "Baby, I Love You" is entirely lacking the guitarist's trademark "buzzsaw" sound.[21]

Joey Ramone and Dee Dee Ramone in concert, 1983

In 1981 the Ramones released Pleasant Dreams, which continued the trend established by End of The Century of diluting the rawer punk sound showcased on the band's initial four albums. Instead, slick production was again featured, this time provided by Graham Gouldman of UK pop act 10 cc. Johnny would contend in retrospect that this direction was a record company decision and represented a continued futile attempt to get airplay on American radio.[21][1] On August 1 of that year, however, while promoting the album, they did become the first band to be interviewed on the newly formed cable video station MTV, which temporarily provided a more receptive outlet for the band's music than FM. After the release of the 1983 Subterranean Jungle, Marky Ramone was fired from the band because of his alcoholism and was eventually replaced by Richard Reinhardt (under the name Richie Ramone). The first album the Ramones recorded with Richie was Too Tough to Die in 1984, produced by former drummer Tommy Ramone. The album was largely considered a return to form after the non-flattering pop-production techniques characterizing the previous three full-length releases. Some rock critics contend that it represents their final high quality album.[22]

In 1986, the Ramones were invited to record the soundtrack to the film Sid and Nancy. During their work, some management problems developed, and the deal was cancelled.[citation needed] However, a handful of songs created for this movie were included in their 1986 album Animal Boy. The album was produced by Jean Beauvoir of the Plasmatics, and included a mix of hard and poppier punk songs.

In 1987, the band recorded their last album with Richie, Halfway to Sanity. Halfway to Sanity was the first collaboration with producer and former Shrapnel (another late 1970s NYC punk band) guitarist Daniel Rey. Richie left in August 1987, upset that after being in the band for five years, the other members would still not give him a share of the money they made selling t-shirts.[23]

Richie was replaced by Clem Burke (Elvis Ramone) from Blondie. According to Johnny, the shows with Burke were a disaster. He was fired after two shows because his drumming could not keep up with the rest of the band.[23] Marky, now clean and sober, returned.

Dee Dee Ramone left after 1989's Brain Drain and was replaced by Christopher Joseph Ward (C.J. Ramone), who performed and recorded with the band until their break-up. However, Dee Dee did continue contributing to the music of the Ramones by lending his lyrics for use in later songs. Dee Dee left to pursue a brief solo career as a rapper, adopting the name Dee Dee King.[24]

1990–1996

After 16 years at Sire Records, the band moved to new label Radioactive Records with their 1992 album Mondo Bizarro, which also reunited them with producer Ed Stasium. Mondo Bizarro was followed the next year with Acid Eaters, an album made entirely of cover songs.

In 1993 the Ramones appeared on an episode of The Simpsons ("Rosebud"). They were booked to sing "Happy Birthday" at Mr. Burns's birthday party, where they showed their distaste for the gig, shouting, "I'd just like to say this gig sucks!" (Joey), "Hey, up yours, Springfield!" (Johnny), and "Go to Hell, you old bastard!" (C.J.); though Marky quipped, "Hey, I think they liked us!" Afterwards, Mr. Burns mistakenly ordered Smithers to "have The Rolling Stones killed."

In 1995 they released what would be their last studio album, ¡Adios Amigos!. After a spot in the 1996 Lollapalooza festival, the Ramones went on a short club tour and then disbanded, reportedly due to ongoing personality clashes and frustration at not achieving commercial success commensurate with their influence.

Their final show was on August 6, 1996, at the Palace in Hollywood.[25] The show was recorded, and later released on video and CD as We're Outta Here!. The show featured several special guests such as Lemmy from Motörhead, Eddie Vedder from Pearl Jam, Tim Armstrong and Lars Frederiksen of Rancid, and Chris Cornell (then in Soundgarden).

Breakup and deaths

On July 20, 1999, Dee Dee, Johnny, Joey, Marky, and Tommy appeared together at the Virgin Megastore in New York City for an autograph signing. This was the last occasion on which the ex-members of the group appeared together before Joey's death. Joey Ramone died of lymphoma on April 15, 2001, in New York. Joey's last partially finished works were compiled as a posthumous solo album, Don't Worry About Me.

In 2002, Joey, Johnny, Dee Dee, Tommy, and Marky Ramone were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. At the ceremony, the surviving inductees spoke on behalf of the band. Tommy spoke first, saying how honored the band felt, but how much it would have meant for Joey. Johnny thanked the band's fans and blessed George W. Bush and his presidency, Dee Dee congratulated and thanked himself, while Marky thanked Tommy for influencing his drumstyle. This was one of Dee Dee's last public appearances; two months later he was found dead at his Hollywood home on June 5, 2002, from a heroin overdose. Also at the ceremony, Green Day played "Teenage Lobotomy" and "Blitzkrieg Bop" as a tribute to the Ramones, showing the influence that the Ramones had on later post punk rock bands.

In the summer of 2004, the Ramones documentary End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones was released in theaters. Johnny Ramone, who had been privately battling prostate cancer, died on September 15, 2004, in Los Angeles, California, almost exactly as the film was released.

On the same day as Johnny's death, the world's first and only Ramones Museum opened its doors for the public.[26] Located in Berlin, Germany, the Ramones Museum Berlin features more than 300 original memorabilia items from the Ramones, including a pair of stage-worn jeans from Johnny Ramone, a stage-worn glove from Joey Ramone, Marky Ramone's sneakers and CJ Ramone's stage-worn bass strap. The Ramones were inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007.[27]

In October 2007, a DVD was released containing live footage.[28] It's Alive 1974-1996 includes 118 songs from 33 performances over the span of the group's career.

Conflicts between members

The Ramones always had a certain amount of tension, mainly between Joey and Johnny. The pair were highly politically antagonistic, Joey being a liberal and Johnny a conservative. There was also tension caused by their very different personalities; Johnny was a military brat who lived by a code of self-discipline, while Joey struggled with obsessive-compulsive disorder. It was Johnny who "stole" Joey's girlfriend Linda, whom he later married. Despite still playing in the same band, Joey and Johnny stopped talking to each other because of this.[29] It is believed the song "The KKK Took My Baby Away", written by Joey, alludes to this enmity. Johnny did not call Joey before his death in 2001, but said in the documentary End of the Century that he was depressed for "the whole week" after the singer's death. Aside from Joey and Johnny's animosities, Dee Dee's constant addictions, relapses, and bipolar disorder had put significant strain on the band's interactions.[30] Furthermore, the methods of payment and exact positions in overall band image for later members were also matters of dispute.[31]

Style

Musical style

The Ramones' minimalist, loud, fast musical style was influenced by pop music that the band members grew up listening to in the 1950s and 1960s, such as The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Kinks, The Ronettes, The Rolling Stones as well as what are now known as proto-punk bands like The Stooges and the New York Dolls.[32][33][34] It was also a reaction against the bombastic, complex, and heavily produced pop and rock music -- ranging from Led Zeppelin to progressive rock, as well as the smooth sounds of Los Angeles studio musicians later termed yacht rock -- which dominated the charts in the 1970s. The Ramones were considered leaders in the punk rock scene,[1] although others considered them power pop[35] or pop punk.[36][13] This Sound also influenced the sound in the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal scene with metal bands such as Motörhead, Judas Priest, and Iron Maiden.

On stage, the band adopted a focused approach directly intended to increase the audience's concert experience. Johnny's instructions to C.J. when preparing for his first live performances with the group were to play facing the audience, to stand with the bass slung low between spread legs, and to walk forward to the front of stage at the same time as he did. Johnny Ramone was not a fan of guitarists who performed facing their drummer, amplifier or other band members.[37]

Due to a similar musical style, many bands were claimed to be "an answer to the Ramones" by critics in the late 1970s. There were the "English answer" (The Lurkers), the "Irish answer" (The Undertones),[38] the "Canadian answer" (Teenage Head), and the "Mexican answer" (The Zeros).

Visual imagery

The Ramones' art and visual imagery complemented the themes of their music and performance. The band members adopted a uniform look of long hair, leather jackets, t-shirts, torn jeans, and sneakers. This fashion emphasized minimalism, which was a powerful influence on the New York punk scene of the 1970s and reflected the band's short, simple songs.[39] Tommy Ramone recalled that, both musically and visually, "we were influenced by comic books, movies, the Andy Warhol scene, and avant-garde films. I was a big Mad Magazine fan myself."[39]

The band's logo was based on the Seal of the President of the United States.

The band's logo was created by New York City artist Arturo Vega, a longtime friend who had allowed Joey and Dee Dee to move into his loft.[40] Vega produced the band's t-shirts, their main source of income, basing most of the images on a black-and-white self-portrait photograph he had taken of his American bald eagle belt buckle which had appeared on the back sleeve of the Ramones' first album.[15] He was inspired to create the band's logo after a trip to Washington, D.C.:

"I saw them as the ultimate all-American band. To me, they reflected the American character in general–an almost childish innocent aggression. Then the first time I went to Washington, D.C., I was impressed by the official atmosphere of the buildings and agencies and all the flags everywhere. I thought, 'The Great Seal of the President of the United States' would be perfect for the Ramones, with the eagle holding arrows–to symbolize strength and the aggression that would be used against whomever dares to attack us–and an olive branch, offered to those who want to be friendly. But we decided to change it a little bit. Instead of the olive branch, we had an apple tree branch, since the Ramones were American as apple pie. And since Johnny was such a baseball fanatic, we had the eagle hold a baseball bat instead of the [Great Seal]'s arrows."[15]

The scroll in the eagle's beak originally read "Look out below", but was later changed to "Hey, ho! Let's go!" after the opening lyrics of the band's first single "Blitzkrieg Bop", while the arrowheads on the shield came from a design on a polyester shirt Vega had bought. The name "Ramones" was spelled out in block capitals above the logo using plastic stick-on letters.[15] Where the presidential seal read "Seal of the President of the United States" clockwise in the border around the eagle, Vega instead placed the stage names of the four band members: Johnny, Joey, Dee Dee, and Tommy. Over the years the names in the border would change as the band's lineup fluctuated. Vega went on to serve as the band's lighting director and sold their merchandise. In 2003 he had the original logo tattooed across his back with his own nickname, "Arty", in place of Tommy.[41]

Influence

The Ramones' first British concert was held on July 4, 1976. Prior to the performance, the band hung out with fans who turned out to be members of the Sex Pistols and The Clash. During the meeting Paul Simonon claimed The Clash had not played a show yet because they felt they were not good enough, to which Johnny Ramone responded, "We stink. You don't have to be good, just get out there and play".[23] Later that day The Clash would play their first show.[42] Likewise another band who met with the Ramones that day, The Damned, played their first show two days later.[43] Similarly, early Ramones concerts in California inspired early California punk groups like Black Flag, The Descendents, The Germs, the Dead Kennedys,[44] Bad Religion,[45] and Social Distortion.

Bands such as Screeching Weasel, The Vindictives, The Queers, The Huntingtons, The Mr. T Experience and the Beatnik Termites have all recorded covers of entire Ramones albums; including Ramones, Leave Home, Rocket to Russia, File Under Ramones, Road to Ruin, and Pleasant Dreams, respectively.

The first Ramones tribute album by multiple bands was released in 1991 under the title Gabba Gabba Hey: A Tribute to the Ramones, featuring tracks recorded by such notable bands as L7, Mojo Nixon, and Bad Religion. Many more tribute albums followed, We're a Happy Family being the most well-known, with artists such as Green Day, Kiss, Metallica, The Offspring, Red Hot Chili Peppers, U2, and Rob Zombie (who also did the album cover artwork).

Metal musician Lemmy first met the Ramones in 1976. His band Motörhead composed and performed the song "R.A.M.O.N.E.S" as a tribute, and Lemmy would perform at the final Ramones concert in 1996.[46] The band Bad Brains took its name from a Ramones song. Green Day members have gone as far as naming their children in honor of the band. Billie Joe Armstrong named his son Joey as tribute to Joey Ramone, and Tré Cool named his daughter Ramona for similar reasons.[47]

Members

The following is a complete chronology of the various line-ups of the Ramones, from the group's inception in 1974 until their break-up in 1996.

Ramones line-ups
(1974)
(1974)
  • Joey Ramone - drums, lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • Dee Dee Ramone - bass
(1974-1978)
  • Joey Ramone - lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • Dee Dee Ramone - bass, backing vocals
  • Tommy Ramone (Tamás Erdélyi) - drums
(1978-1983)
  • Joey Ramone - lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • Dee Dee Ramone - bass, vocals
  • Marky Ramone (Marc Bell) - drums
(1983-1987)
  • Joey Ramone - lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • Dee Dee Ramone - bass, vocals
  • Richie Ramone (Richard Reinhardt) - drums, vocals
(1987)
  • Joey Ramone - lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • Dee Dee Ramone - bass, backing vocals
  • Elvis Ramone (Clement Bozewski) - drums
(1987-1989)
  • Joey Ramone - lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • Dee Dee Ramone - bass, vocals
  • Marky Ramone - drums
(1989-1996)
  • Joey Ramone - lead vocals
  • Johnny Ramone - guitar
  • C. J. Ramone (Christopher Joseph Ward) - bass, vocals
  • Marky Ramone - drums

Discography

Main article: Ramones discography

References

  1. ^ a b c "The Ramones". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Ramones". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum. 15 September 2004 (last update). Retrieved 2007-07-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ "The Ramones". MP3.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  4. ^ "Ramones Raw Signing & Gold Award Presentation at Tower Records". OsakaPopstar.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  5. ^ "Rock List: The Twenty-Five Best Live Albums: An unranked collection of incredible shows captured on record, with audio". Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  6. ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  7. ^ "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock". VH1.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  8. ^ "Mojo Magazine's 100 Greatest Albums (August 1995 Issue)". RateYourMusic.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  9. ^ "50 Greatest Bands Of All Time". Spin Magazine. February 2002. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  10. ^ Jennifer Vineyard (19 March 2002). "Vedder Rambles, Green Day Scramble As Ramones Enter Hall". VH1.com. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
  11. ^ "McCartney" Sandford, C: London, Century, 2006. ISBN 1844136027. p.11.
  12. ^ "Interview with Marky Ramone". PunkBands.com. November 30, 1999. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  13. ^ a b End of the Century: The Ramones PBS.org. Accessed 2008-03-24.
  14. ^ "Dee Dee Ramone found dead; OD suspected". CNN.com. June 7, 2002. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  15. ^ a b c d Jim Bessman (1993). Ramones: An American Band. St. Martin's Press. pp. p.211. ISBN 0312093691. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  16. ^ Associated Press (1 November 2007). "Linda Stein, 62, manager/real estate broker: Pioneer of punk music killed in N.Y. apartment". Variety magazine. Retrieved 2007-11-09. A former schoolteacher, she and Danny Fields co-managed the Ramones during the band's heyday. She is credited with bringing the Ramones to England for their infamous July 4, 1976, concert that helped spark the young British punk scene.
  17. ^ "A History of Punk". Fastnbulbous.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  18. ^ Dave Marsh (15 December 1977). "Album Reviews: Ramones: Rocket to Russia". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  19. ^ Chris Jones (24 January 2008). The Ramones Leave Home. BBC.co.uk. Accessed 2008-04-11.
  20. ^ John Harlow (18 March 2007). "Spector calls ex-wife for murder defence". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  21. ^ a b Colin Devenish (24 June 2002). "Johnny Ramone Stays Tough: Ramones guitarist reflects on Dee Dee's death and the difficult Eighties". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  22. ^ "Too Tough to Die". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  23. ^ a b c From the film End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones
  24. ^ Joe D'Angelo (6 June 2002). "Dee Dee Ramone Found Dead In Los Angeles". MTV News. Retrieved 2008-01-05. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Ramones". RoughEdge.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  26. ^ "Ramones Museum". Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  27. ^ "Inductees". LIMusicHallofFame.org. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  28. ^ "DVD set to be released featuring over 4 hours of The Ramones live at work". Side-line.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  29. ^ "Johnny Ramone, Signal Guitarist for the Ramones, Dies at 55". New York Times. September 16, 2004. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  30. ^ Monte A. Melnick (2003). On The Road with the Ramones. Bobcat Books. ISBN 97818477721037. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
  31. ^ Livewire's one on one (December 3, 2001). Concertlivewire.com Accessed 2008-04-11.
  32. ^ "The musical misfits". BBC News. 16 April 2001. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  33. ^ Chris Morris (29 April 2001). "Joey Ramone, Punk's First Icon, Dies". Billboard. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  34. ^ "BBC - Music Profiles - New York Dolls>".
  35. ^ John Holmstrom (December 2004). Happy Family Interviews. RamonesMania.com. Accessed 2008-04-11.
  36. ^ Ramones Discography LPs punk77.co.uk. Accessed 2007-10-08.
  37. ^ David Fricke (1999). Hey Ho Let's Go!: The Anthology liner notes. Rhino Entertainment, R2 75817.
  38. ^ Gavin McNett. "Teenage Kicks". Salon.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  39. ^ a b Stephen Colegrave (2001). Punk: The Definitive Record of a Revolution. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. p. 67. ISBN 1-56025-369-X. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Legs McNeil (1996). Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk, 2nd ed. New York: Penguin Books. pp. p. 211. ISBN 0 14 02.6690 9. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ Arturo Vega. "My Ramones World". OfficialRamones.com. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  42. ^ Kurt Loder. "The Clash: Ducking bottles, asking questions". MTV.com. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  43. ^ "BBC _ Seven Ages of Rock: The Ramones play The Roundhouse, 4 July 1976". BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  44. ^ Gregg Turkington. "Dead Kennedys: A concise History For Consumers Everywhere". Alternative Tentacles. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
  45. ^ Dennis Lyxzén (June 2004). "Bad Religion's Brett Gurewitz Exclusively Interviewed by (International) Noise Conspiracy's Dennis Lyxzén - Back To The Beginning". Exclaim!. Retrieved 2008-01-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ Myers, Sarah L. (14 May 2007). "The Head Cat: Lemmy interview". Thirsty. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  47. ^ "Tré's Support System". GeekStinkBreath.net. Retrieved 2008-04-11.

See also

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External links

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