Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe
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Debate has occurred throughout the European Union over a proposal which would require each member to legally recognize each other's same-sex marriages as well as any member's civil unions and registered partnerships. Debate on this issue has continued for some time, and has recently revived.[1][2]
Of the 27 member states in the European Union, four legally recognize same-sex marriage, namely Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sweden. An additional eleven have a form of civil union, registered partnership or unregistered cohabitation.[3] Of those, the United Kingdom grants the identical rights of marriage under such unions but with a different name. An assortment of cities in Italy have also created forms of registered civil unions, though included benefits are slim to none, making the unions a largely symbolic provision. In comparison, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland constitutionally define marriage as being between a man and a woman.
Future legislation
At the moment, four countries (Luxembourg, Iceland, Portugal and Slovenia) have confirmed their intent to vote on same-sex marriage bills sometime in 2009 (Iceland is not an EU member, although it has announced its intention to acceede to the Union). A same-sex marriage bill will be re-introduced in Portugal after September 2009 if the ruling Socialist Party, which for the first time ever has clarified its support for same-sex marriage legislation, wins the national election that will be held on the 27th September. The Socialist Party along with the broad left has won this election.[4] In Iceland, the government has announced its intention to reconstruct its marriage laws to make them gender-neutral.[5] In Slovenia, the minister announced that the government would vote on a same-sex marriage bill in the near future after the government agreed that same-sex couples were entitled to the same rights as opposite-sex couples.[6] There have also been discussions of Denmark legalizing same-sex marriage, though due to the current party in power, such legislation is not likely this year.
While debates in the nations of Italy and Poland have been far from unknown, national legislation of same-sex unions in any form is very unlikely in the near future due to more conservative views on the debate throughout the nations, mainly due to religious reasons, such as the heavy influence of the Catholic Church in many EU nations.
Austria, Estonia and Ireland are expected to legalize civil unions or registered partnerships within the next two years.[citation needed]
Public opinion
Public support from EU members is the greatest in the Netherlands (82%), Sweden (71%), Denmark, (69%), Spain (66%), Belgium (65%), Luxembourg (58%), Germany (52%) and the Czech Republic (52%).[7] However, other polls have also placed Germany and France between 54% to 65%[8], the UK at 61%.[9] In comparison, support tends to be the lowest from former-Communist states, such as Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. The average percentage of support for same-sex marriage in the European Union is 44%, which had descended from a previous percentage of 53%, due to more socially-conservative nations joining the EU.[7]
See also
- Civil partnership in the United Kingdom
- Civil union in Belgium
- Civil union in Portugal
- Civil union in Spain
- Pacte civil de solidarité
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Austria
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Bulgaria
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Estonia
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Germany
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Greece
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Ireland
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Lithuania
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Luxembourg
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovakia
- Recognition of same-sex unions in Slovenia
- Registered partnership in the Czech Republic
- Registered partnership in Denmark
- Registered partnership in Finland
- Registered partnership in the Netherlands
- Registered partnership in Sweden
- Same-sex marriage in Belgium
- Same-sex marriage in France
- Same-sex marriage in Latvia
- Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands
- Same-sex marriage in Portugal
- Same-sex marriage in Spain
- Same-sex marriage in Sweden
- Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom
- LGBT rights in Cyprus
- LGBT rights in Malta
- LGBT rights in Europe
References
- ^ 365gay.com
- ^ gayrights.change.org
- ^ The 11 are: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovenia and the United Kingdom.
- ^ SSM legislation Portugal
- ^ [1]
- ^ Slovenia to legalize same-sex marriage soon: minister
- ^ a b EU Public Opinion: SSM
- ^ http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/societe/200826/couples-homosexuels-les-francais-sont-pour-l-adoption_129096.html
- ^ Church 'out of touch' as public supports equal rights for homosexuals, The Times, 27 June 2009