1909 in literature

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	In poetry 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912
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This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1909.

Events

January – T. E. Hulme's poems "Autumn" and "A City Sunset", included in the Poets' Club anthology For Christmas MDCCCCVIII (sic.), are the first examples of Imagism.
January 15 – Opening night of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's drama La donna è mobile at the Teatro Alfieri, Turin.
February 1 – La Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF), a literary magazine founded in Paris by a group of intellectuals including André Gide, Jacques Copeau, Jean Schlumberger and Gaston Gallimard, brings out its first issue.^[1]
February 20 – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto is first published, in the French newspaper Le Figaro.
March 2 – Katherine Mansfield, at this time pregnant by another man, marries singing teacher George Bowden (who she barely knows) in London, leaving him the same evening to resume a lesbian relationship with Ida Baker.^[2]
April
- The opening night of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's drama Le Roi bombance ("The Feasting King", written 1905) is heckled by the audience and the writer.
- The German periodical Die Tat is founded by Ernst Horneffer.^[3]
April 24 – The Metropolitan Library (京师图书馆, Jīngshī Túshūguǎn) in Beijing, predecessor of the National Library of China, is founded by the Qing government.
September 6 – Israel Zangwill's play The Melting Pot opens in New York City.
September 23 – Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de l'Opéra) begins serialization in the Paris newspaper Le Gaulois.
September 29 – Franz Kafka's short story "The Aeroplanes at Brescia" (Die Aeroplane in Brescia), based on a real event, is published in the Prague newspaper Bohemia, the first description of aeroplanes in German literature.^[4]
November – E. M. Forster's science fiction short story "The Machine Stops" is published in The Oxford and Cambridge Review.

New books

Poetry

Guillaume Apollinaire – L'Enchanteur pourrissant (The Putrifying Enchanter)
François Mauriac – Les Mains jointes (Clasped Hands)
John Millington Synge – Poems and Translations

Non-fiction

Henry James – Italian Hours
William James – A Pluralistic Universe
Jane's All the World's Aircraft (first annual edition)
Daniel Jones – The Pronunciation of English
Charlotte Fell Smith – John Dee: 1527-1608
A. E. Waite – The Hidden Church of the Holy Graal

Births

January 18 – Oskar Davičo, Serbian novelist and poet (died 1989)
January 29 – Phoebe Hesketh (Phoebe Rayner), English poet (died 2005)
February 15 – Miep Gies (Hermine Santruschitz), Austrian-born biographer (died 2010)
February 24 – August Derleth, American anthologist (died 1971)
March 17 – Margiad Evans, Anglo-Welsh poet, novelist and illustrator (died 1958)
March 22 – Gabrielle Roy, French Canadian author (died 1983)
March 28 – Nelson Algren, American novelist (died 1981)
March 31 – Robert Brasillach, French author (died 1945)
April 8 – John Fante, American novelist (died 1983)
May 1 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet (died 1990)
May 5 – Miklós Radnóti, Hungarian poet (died 1944)
May 9 – Robert Garioch, Scottish poet (died 1981)
June 6 – Isaiah Berlin, German philosopher (died 1997)
June 19 – Osamu Dazai (太宰治), Japanese author (died 1948)
June 28 – Eric Ambler, English novelist (died 1998)
July 1 – Juan Carlos Onetti, Uruguayan writer (died 1994)
July 8 – Petar Šegedin, Croatian diplomat, novelist and essayist (died 1998)
July 17 – G. P. Wells, son and co-author of H. G. Wells (died 1985)
July 28 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist (died 1957)
July 29 – Chester Himes, American writer (died 1984)
July 30 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and author (died 1993)
August 3 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark, American novelist (died 1971)
August 11 – Uku Masing, Estonian religious philosopher, linguist and writer (died 1985)
August 19 – Jerzy Andrzejewski, Polish author (died 1983)
October 24 – Sheila Watson (Sheila Doherty), Canadian novelist and critic (died 1998)
November 26 – Eugène Ionesco (Eugen Ionescu), Romanian-born French playwright (died 1994)
November 27 – James Agee, American writer (died 1955)
December 16 – Edgar Mittelholzer, Guyanese novelist (suicide 1965)

Deaths

January 14 – William à Beckett, English journalist (born 1844)
February 11 – Russell Sturgis, American art critic (born 1836)
March 24 – John Millington Synge, Irish dramatist and poet (born 1871)
March 27 (probable) – John Davidson, Scottish poet (born 1857)
April 9
- Francis Marion Crawford, American novelist (born 1854)
- Paschal Grousset, French journalist and science fiction writer (born 1844)
April 12 – Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet (born 1837)
April 26 – Marcus Dods, Scottish theologian (born 1834)
May 18 – George Meredith, English novelist and poet (born 1828)
June 11 – Jacob Mikhailovich Gordin, American dramatist (born 1853)
July 8 – Albert Craig (The Surrey Poet), English cricket writer (born 1850)
July 9 – Rosa Nouchette Carey, English children's writer (born 1840)
August 18 – Theodore Martin, Scottish-born writer (born 1816)
August 21 – George Cabot Lodge, American poet (born 1873)^[6]
August 23 – Liu E (劉鶚, Liu O), Chinese scholar, entrepreneur and novelist (born 1857)
August 26 – George Manville Fenn, English novelist and educationalist (born 1831)
September 4 – Clyde Fitch, American playwright (born 1865)
September 19 – József Borovnyák, Slovene writer, politician and priest (born 1826)
October 24 – Henry Charles Lea, American historian (born 1825)
November 18 – Renée Vivien, English-born French-language Symbolist poet (born 1877)
December 14 – Frederick Greenwood, English journalist (born 1830)
Unknown date – H. L. Fischer, Pennsylvania German-language writer and translator (born 1822)

Awards

References

^ "La Nouvelle Revue française (NRF)", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010, retrieved 2010-07-21
^ Woods, Joanna (2007). "Katherine Mansfield, 1888–1923". Kōtare. 7 (1). Victoria University of Wellington: 63–98. Retrieved 2015-12-03.
^ Ernst Horneffer: Unsere Ziele, in: Die Tat, 1. Jg., Heft 1 (April/1909), S.1 (German)
^ Wagenbach, Klaus [in German] (1964). Franz Kafka, in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. Reinbek: Rowohlt Verlag. p. 73. ISBN 3-499-50091-4.
^ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
^ Adams, Henry Brooks (1911). The Life of George Cabot Lodge.

[1] "La Nouvelle Revue française (NRF)", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010, retrieved 2010-07-21

[2] Woods, Joanna (2007). "Katherine Mansfield, 1888–1923". Kōtare. 7 (1). Victoria University of Wellington: 63–98. Retrieved 2015-12-03.

[3] Ernst Horneffer: Unsere Ziele, in: Die Tat, 1. Jg., Heft 1 (April/1909), S.1 (German)

[4] Wagenbach, Klaus [in German] (1964). Franz Kafka, in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. Reinbek: Rowohlt Verlag. p. 73. ISBN 3-499-50091-4.

[5] Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.

[6] Adams, Henry Brooks (1911). The Life of George Cabot Lodge.

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Events

New books

Fiction

Children and young adults

Drama

Poetry

Non-fiction

Births

Deaths

Awards

References