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1991 FIFA Women's World Cup

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1991 FIFA Women's World Cup
1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&Ms Cup
1991年女子世界杯足球赛
File:WWC1991 emblem.jpg
Official logo
Tournament details
Host countryChina
Dates16 – 30 November
Teams12 (from 6 confederations)
Venue(s)6 (in 4 host cities)
Final positions
Champions United States (1st title)
Runners-up Norway
Third place Sweden
Fourth place Germany
Tournament statistics
Matches played26
Goals scored99 (3.81 per match)
Attendance510,000 (19,615 per match)
Top scorer(s)United States Michelle Akers
(10 goals)
Best player(s)United States Carin Jennings
1995 →

The 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup was the inaugural FIFA Women's World Cup, the world championship for women's national association football teams.[1][2] It took place in Guangdong, China from 16 November to 30 November 1991. FIFA, football's international governing body selected China as host nation as Guangdong had hosted a prototype world championship three years earlier, the 1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament. Matches were played in the state capital, Guangzhou, as well as in Foshan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan. The competition was sponsored by Mars, Incorporated. With FIFA still reluctant to bestow their "World Cup" brand, the tournament was officially known as the 1st FIFA World Championship for Women's Football for the M&M's Cup.[3]

It was won by the United States,[4] whose captain April Heinrichs formed a forward line dubbed the "triple–edged sword" with Carin Jennings and Michelle Akers-Stahl. Jennings was named player of the tournament while Akers-Stahl's ten goals won the Golden Shoe.[5] The United States beat Norway 2–1 in the final in front of a crowd of 65,000 people at Guangzhou's Tianhe Stadium.[6] Total attendance was 510,000, an average per match of 19,615. In the opening match at the same stadium, Norway had been defeated 4–0 by hosts China. Chinese defender Ma Li scored the first goal in Women's World Cup history, while goalkeeper Zhong Honglian, also of China, posted the first official "clean sheet" in the tournament.

The 12 qualified teams were divided into three groups of four (A to C). The top two teams and the two best third-place finishers from the three groups advanced to the knockout round of eight teams.

Venues

1991 FIFA Women's World Cup (Guangdong)
 Yuexiu, Guangzhou Tianhe, Guangzhou Panyu, Guangzhou
Guangdong Provincial Stadium Tianhe Stadium Ying Tung Stadium
Capacity: 25,000 Capacity: 60,000 Capacity: 15,000
Foshan Jiangmen Zhongshan
New Plaza Stadium Jiangmen Stadium Zhongshan Stadium
Capacity: 14,000 Capacity: 13,000 Capacity: 12,000

Teams

Qualifying countries
Main article: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification

Twelve teams qualified for the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup final tournament. Each of the six FIFA confederations had at least one representative.

Squads

For a list of the squads that disputed the final tournament, see 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup squads.

Match officials

For the first time in FIFA competition, six female officials were included. All functioned as assistant referees, except for Cláudia Vasconcelos who took charge of the third place play–off; becoming the first woman to referee a match sanctioned by FIFA.[7][8]

Tournament review

FIFA's technical report demonstrates that, after the tournament, players and officials were undecided whether to persist with 80 minute matches, or to change to 90 minutes in line with men's football. Opinion was also divided about the suitability of using a size five football. Some teams reported difficulty in sourcing good quality equipment in the correct size.[9]

The tournament was considered a major success in the quality of play and attendances at the games. FIFA president João Havelange wrote that:[10]

"As president of FIFA it was a special pleasure for me to watch these young ladies playing with such flair and such elegance, and according to the reports of the many media representatives present, making the game truly into a celebration ... women's football is now well and truly established."

The perceived success of the tournament was a significant factor in the subsequent inclusion of women's football in the 1996 Summer Olympics.[11] Sue Lopez reported that although attendances were very high, many tickets were complimentary. The "novelty factor" of women from foreign lands playing football also encouraged local people to attend.[12]

Group Stage

Group A

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 China 3 2 1 0 10 3 7 5
 Norway 3 2 0 1 6 5 1 4
 Denmark 3 1 1 1 6 4 2 3
 New Zealand 3 0 0 3 1 11 −10 0
China 4–0 Norway
Ma 22'
Liu 45', 50'
Sun Q. 75'		 (Report)
Attendance: 65,000
Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile)
Denmark 3–0 New Zealand
Jensen 15', 40'
MacKensie 42'		 (Report)
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Omer Yengo (Congo)
Norway 4–0 New Zealand
Campbell 30' (o.g.)
Medalen 32', 38'
Riise 49'		 (Report)
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile)
China 2–2 Denmark
Sun W. 37'
Wei 76'		 (Report) Kolding 24'
Nissen 55'
Attendance: 27,000
Referee: Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece)
China 4–1 New Zealand
Zhou 20'
Liu 22', 60'
Wu 24'		 (Report) Nye 65'
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal)
Norway 2–1 Denmark
Svensson 14' (pen.)
Medalen 56'		 (Report) Thychosen 54' (pen.)
Attendance: 15,500
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR)

Group B

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 United States 3 3 0 0 11 2 9 6
 Sweden 3 2 0 1 12 3 9 4
 Brazil 3 1 0 2 1 7 −6 2
 Japan 3 0 0 3 0 12 −12 0
Japan 0–1 Brazil
(Report) Elane 4'
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Lu Jun (China)
Sweden 2–3 United States
Videkull 65'
I. Johansson 71'		 (Report) Jennings 40', 49'
Hamm 62'
Attendance: 14,000
Japan 0–8 Sweden
(Report) Videkull 1', 11'
Andelen 15', 60'
Lundgren 25'
Nilsson 27'
Sundhage 35'
Yamaguchi 70' (o.g.)
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Gyanu Raja Shresta (Nepal)
Brazil 0–5 United States
(Report) Heinrichs 23', 35'
Jennings 38'
Akers 39'
Hamm 63'
Attendance: 15,500
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR)
Japan 0–3 United States
(Report) Akers 20', 37'
Gebauer 39'
Attendance: 14,000
Brazil 0–2 Sweden
(Report) Sundhage 42' (pen.)
Hedberg 56'
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Lu Jun (China)

Group C

Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
 Germany 3 3 0 0 9 0 9 6
 Italy 3 2 0 1 6 2 4 4
 Chinese Taipei 3 1 0 2 2 8 −6 2
 Nigeria 3 0 0 3 0 7 −7 0
Germany 4–0 Nigeria
Neid 16'
Mohr 32', 34'
Gottschlich 57'		 (Report)
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador)
Chinese Taipei 0–5 Italy
(Report) Ferraguzzi 15'
Marsiletti 29'
Morace 37', 52', 66'
Attendance: 11,000
Referee: Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia)
Italy 1–0 Nigeria
Morace 68' (Report)
Attendance: 12,000
Chinese Taipei 0–3 Germany
(Report) Wiegmann 10' (pen.)
Mohr 21', 50'
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Fethi Boucetta (Tunisia)
Chinese Taipei 2–0 Nigeria
Lim 38'
Chou 55'		 (Report)
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador)
Italy 0–2 Germany
(Report) Mohr 67'
Unsleber 79'
Attendance: 12,000

Knockout stage

 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 24 November — Zhongshan
 
 
  United States 7
 
 27 November — Guangzhou
 
  Chinese Taipei 0
 
  United States 5
 
 24 November — Foshan
 
  Germany 2
 
  Germany 2
 
 30 November — Guangzhou
 
  Denmark 1
 
  United States 2
 
 24 November — Guangzhou
 
  Norway 1
 
  China 0
 
 27 November — Panyu
 
  Sweden 1
 
  Sweden 1
 
 24 November — Jiangmen
 
  Norway 4 Third place
 
  Norway 3
 
 29 November — Guangzhou
 
  Italy 2
 
  Sweden 4
 
 
  Germany 0
 

Quarterfinals

Germany 2–1
(a.e.t.)		 Denmark
Wiegmann 17' (pen.)
Mohr 98'		 (Report) MacKensie 25' (pen.)
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Vassilios Nikkakis (Greece)
China 0–1 Sweden
(Report) Sundhage 3'
Attendance: 55,000
Norway 3–2
(a.e.t.)		 Italy
Hegstad 22'
Carlsen 67'
Svensson 96' (pen.)		 (Report) Salmaso 31'
Guarino 80'
Attendance: 13,000
Referee: Rafael Medina (El Salvador)
United States 7–0 Chinese Taipei
Akers 8', 29', 33', 44' (pen.), 48'
Foudy 38'
Biefield 79'		 (Report)
Attendance: 12,000
Referee: Omer Yengo (Congo)

Semifinals

Sweden 1–4 Norway
Videkull 6' (Report) Svensson 39' (pen.)
Medalen 41', 77'
Carlsen 67'
Attendance: 16,000
United States 5–2 Germany
Jennings 10', 22', 33'
Heinrichs 54', 75'		 (Report) Mohr 34'
Wiegmann 63'
Attendance: 15,000
Referee: Salvador Marcone (Chile)

Third place

Sweden 4-0 Germany
Andelen 7'
Sundhage 11'
Videkull 29'
Nilsson 43'		 (Report)
Attendance: 20,000
Referee: Claudia Vasconcelos (Brazil)

Final

Main article: 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup Final

For three days prior to the final both teams stayed at the 843-room luxury White Swan Hotel, a cost saving measure which upset the players. Many felt that male teams would not be asked to share a hotel before a game of comparable importance.[13]

Norway's Birthe Hegstad had played for American coach Anson Dorrance at North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer from 1985 to 1988.

United States 2–1 Norway
Akers 20', 78' (Report) Medalen 29'
Attendance: 63,000
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (USSR)

Awards

 1991 Women's World Cup Winners 

United States
First title
Golden Shoe Winner Golden Ball Winner FIFA Fair Play Trophy
United States Michelle Akers United States Carin Jennings  Germany

Goal scorers

Michelle Akers of the United States won the Golden Shoe award for scoring ten goals. In total, 99 goals were scored from 45 different players with 2 of them credited as own goal.

10 goals
7 goals
6 goals
5 goals
4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal
Own goals

References

  1. ^ "Raising Their Game: An introduction". YouTube. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
  2. ^ "Raising Their Game: Passing the test". YouTube. 2012-06-05. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
  3. ^ Mattei, Al. "WUSA opening a feast for the eyes -- and ears". TopOfTheCircle.com. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
  4. ^ Ciapala, Derek (2012-06-18). "History of the FIFA Women's World Cup, 1991-present - World Soccer - Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
  5. ^ "CNN/SI - Women's World Cup - Women's World Cup History - Thursday February 11, 1999 06:04 PM". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
  6. ^ "Raising Their Game: Blazing the way in 1991". YouTube. 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
  7. ^ Lopez 1997, p. 195
  8. ^ "FIFA Women's World Cup - China PR 1991". FIFA. Retrieved 21 April 2013. In keeping with the true spirit of the celebration, six female referees or assistant referees were appointed among match officials for the first time in FIFA history. Claudia de Vasconcelos of Brazil, the referee for the 3rd-place match, became the first woman to officiate at this level for FIFA.
  9. ^ "FIFA Women's World Cup China '91 - Technical Report & Statistics" (PDF). FIFA. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  10. ^ Lopez 1997, p. 173
  11. ^ Lopez 1997, p. 175
  12. ^ Lopez 1997, p. 207
  13. ^ Lisi 2010, p. 16

Bibliography

  • Lisi, Clemente Angelo (2010). The U.S. Women's Soccer Team: An American Success Story. Plymouth, England: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810874156. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lopez, Sue (1997). Women on the Ball: A Guide to Women's Football. London, England: Scarlet Press. ISBN 1857270169. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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