List of diplomatic relations of Croatia

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  Croatia
  Countries that have recognised Croatia
  Countries that haven't recognised Croatia

The international recognition of Croatia refers to the diplomatic recognition of the Republic of Croatia which was established by the decision of the Croatian Parliament on 25 June 1991.[1] Out of 193 UN member states, 182 recognised Croatia.

History

See also: Independence of Croatia

Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from the SFR Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. On the next day, the newly independent countries mutually recognised each other.

At the time of dissolution of Yugoslavia, dissolution of the Soviet Union was happening as well. Ukraine and Baltic states, first of them being Lithuania, recognised Croatia in 1991. However, Ukraine was at the time only partially recognised.

The international community did not immediately recognise the dissolution of Yugoslavia or the independence of its constituent republics, and during 1991 the Croatian War of Independence started.

Two countries that prevailed in diplomatic efforts for the international recognition of Croatia were the Holy See and Germany. Vatican diplomacy, as the world's first, announced on October 3, 1991 that it was working on the Croatian international recognition.[2]

Iceland recognised Croatian independence on 19 December 1991.[3] On the same day, Germany announced its intention to recognise Croatia which was to come into effect on 15 January 1992. Italy, Sweden and the Holy See also announced their intention of recognition. Holy See recognised Croatia on 13 January, and San Marino on 14 January 1992.

On 15 January 1992, Croatia was recognised by all 12 members of the European Economic Community (the predecessor of the European Union) as well as by Austria, Canada, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Malta, Norway and Switzerland. By the end of January 1992, Croatia was recognised by 44 countries. Therefore, 15 January is celebrated in Croatia as the Day of International Recognition.

Russia recognised Croatia in February, Japan in March, the United States in April, and India in May 1992.

At the session of the United Nations General Assembly held on 22 May 1992, which was chaired by Saudi ambassador Sinan Shihabi, Croatia was, alongside Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, admitted to the membership of the United Nations. Croatia's UN delegation was led by the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman. After a solemn session, United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali sent delegations from the new UN members states to the main entrance of the UN headquarters, where Croatian, Slovenian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian flags were erected on the masts. Many diplomats and thousands of Croatian emigrants attended flag hoisting ceremony.[4]

By 31 December 1995, Croatia was recognised by 124 countries.[5] On 9 September 1995, Croatia and FR Yugoslavia concluded a Mutual Reconciliation Agreement which included mutual recognition, and established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1996.[6]

Chronology

Chronological review of countries recognising the independence of Croatia (note that Croatia has established diplomatic relations with countries that had not previously recognised it and thus not in the following list):[7]

Country Date of recognition Note
–  Slovenia 26 June 1991 Unrecognised country at the time
–  Lithuania 30 July 1991 Unrecognised country at the time
1  Ukraine 11 December 1991
2  Latvia 14 December 1991
3  Iceland 14 December 1991  NATO member
4  Estonia 31 December 1991
–  Holy See 13 January 1992 Not a member of the United Nations
–  San Marino 14 January 1992 Not a member of the United Nations
5  Germany 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
6  United Kingdom 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
7  Italy 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
8  France 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
9  Spain 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
10  Netherlands 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
11  Denmark 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
12  Belgium 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
13  Ireland 15 January 1992 European Union EEC member
14  Luxembourg 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
15  Portugal 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union
16  Greece 15 January 1992  NATO member and European Union EEC member
17  Austria 15 January 1992
18  Bulgaria 15 January 1992
19  Canada 15 January 1992  NATO member
20  Hungary 15 January 1992
21  Malta 15 January 1992
22  Norway 15 January 1992  NATO member
23  Poland 15 January 1992
24   Switzerland 15 January 1992
25  Australia 16 January 1992
26  Argentina 16 January 1992
27  Chile 16 January 1992
–  Czechoslovakia 16 January 1992 Recognition continued as  Czech Republic and  Slovakia from 1 January 1993.
28  Liechtenstein 16 January 1992
29  New Zealand 16 January 1992
30  Sweden 16 January 1992
31  Uruguay 16 January 1992
32  Finland 17 January 1992
33  Romania 18 January 1992
34  Albania 21 January 1992
– Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 January 1992 Part of Yugoslavia at the time
35  Brazil 24 January 1992
36  Paraguay 27 January 1992
37  Bolivia 29 January 1992
38  Turkey 6 February 1992  NATO member
– Socialist Republic of Macedonia Macedonia 12 February 1992 Unrecognised country at the time
39  Russia 17 February 1992
–  Kyrgyzstan 26 February 1992 Not a member of the United Nations
40  Colombia 3 March 1992
41  Iran 15 March 1992
42  Peru 15 March 1992
43  Japan 17 March 1992
44  Libya 17 March 1992
45  Cyprus 30 March 1992
46  Tajikistan 31 March 1992
47  South Africa 2 April 1992
48  United States 7 April 1992  NATO member
49  South Korea 15 April 1992
50  Egypt 16 April 1992
51  Israel 16 April 1992
52  United Arab Emirates 18 April 1992
53  Sudan 21 April 1992
54  Algeria 24 April 1992
55  Tunisia 26 April 1992
56  People's Republic of China 27 April 1992
57  Morocco 27 April 1992
58  Oman 28 April 1992
59  Thailand 2 May 1992
60  Philippines 4 May 1992
61  Malaysia 4 May 1992
62  Venezuela 6 May 1992
63  North Korea 8 May 1992
64  India 11 May 1992
65  Pakistan 11 May 1992
66  Singapore 15 May 1992
67  Indonesia 16 May 1992
68  Jordan 17 May 1992
69  Brunei 21 May 1992
Croatia became part of the United Nations on 22 May 1992
70  Ghana 22 May 1992
71  Kenya 22 May 1992
72  Mexico 22 May 1992[8]
73  Yemen 22 May 1992
74  Sri Lanka 27 May 1992
75  Cuba 28 May 1992[9]
76  Panama 28 May 1992
77  El Salvador 29 May 1992[10]
78  Zambia 1 June 1992
79  Mauritania 4 June 1992
80  Cape Verde 18 June 1992
81  Lebanon 7 July 1992
82  Kazakhstan 10 August 1992
83  Jamaica 14 August 1992
84  Belarus 2 September 1992
85  Burkina Faso 7 October 1992
86  Tanzania 13 November 1992
87  Ethiopia 16 November 1992
88  Mongolia 19 November 1992
89  Qatar 5 December 1992
90  Guatemala 12 December 1992
91  Nigeria 21 December 1992
92  Georgia 13 January 1993
93  Bahrain 18 January 1993
94  Samoa 8 March 1994
95  Vietnam 5 May 1994
96  Armenia 21 June 1994
97  Saudi Arabia 22 August 1994
98  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7 October 1994
99  Kuwait 8 October 1994
100  Uzbekistan 6 February 1995
101  Andorra 28 April 1995
102  Moldova 25 May 1995
103  Costa Rica 19 October 1995
104  Belize 23 January 1996
105  Ecuador 22 February 1996
106  Nicaragua 29 March 1996
107  FR Yugoslavia 23 August 1996
108  Montenegro 12 June 2006
–  Kosovo 19 March 2008 Not a member of the United Nations
109  Rwanda 15 February 2018
110  Eswatini 5 April 2019
111  Marshall Islands 24 September 2019
112  Tuvalu 2 November 2020

States that haven't recognised Croatia

8 UN member states haven't formally recognised Croatia or established diplomatic relations with Croatia. These are Bhutan, Burundi, Central African Republic, Liberia, Niger, Somalia, South Sudan, and Tonga.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hrvatski sabor". www.sabor.hr. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  2. ^ "Tri rođendana: Svaki datum ima povijesno značenje za Hrvatsku".
  3. ^ Erceg, Artur. "Pravni fakultet Split - Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu". www.pravst.unist.hr. Faculty of Law, University of Split.
  4. ^ "Hrvatska primljena u punopravno članstvo UN-a".
  5. ^ "Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata". www.centardomovinskograta.hr. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  6. ^ Zlatko (2010-10-04). "ZAKON | O POTVRĐIVANJU SPORAZUMA O NORMALIZACIJI ODNOSA IZMEĐU REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE I SAVEZNE REPUBLIKE JUGOSLAVIJE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  7. ^ "Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  8. ^ "Croacia" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 12. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  9. ^ Daily Report: Latin America. Index. Newsbank. 1996. p. 183.
  10. ^ "Bilateral relations (archived)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Archived from the original on 13 August 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  11. ^ "MVEP • Datumi priznanja". www.mvep.hr.
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