Sudbrook (stream)
| Sudbrook | |
|---|---|
 Sudbrook, near Ham Gate and pond, Richmond Park | |
  Sudbrook outfall to the Thames at Petersham, London. | |
| Etymology | South Brook |
| Location | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Dann's Pond, Richmond Park, Greater London |
| • coordinates | 51°25′40.74″N 0°16′47.64″W / 51.4279833°N 0.2799000°W |
| Mouth | |
• location | Petersham Meadows, River Thames |
• coordinates | 51°26′55.34″N 0°18′20.88″W / 51.4487056°N 0.3058000°W |
• elevation | 4.5 metres Above Ordnance Datum |
| Length | 3.8 km (2.4 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Latchmere Stream |
Sudbrook and its tributary, the Latchmere stream, are north-flowing streams that drain northern Kingston upon Thames and the eastern extreme of Ham following a meander scar in a terrace; the upper part of the Sudbrook drains a narrow vale in Richmond Park's southern corner into the tidal Thames.
Sudbrook
Sudbrook (from 'South brook') rises at the small pond south of Dann's Pond, at about 150 feet (46 m) elevation,[1] in the far south of Richmond Park, flowing NNW to Ham Gate. It forms a small valley, Ham Dip, and has been dammed and enlarged in two places to form 'Ham Dip Pond' and 'Ham Gate Pond', first mapped in 1861 and 1754 respectively. These were created for the watering of deer.[2] Both saw restoration including de-silting, completed in 2013.[3] It drains the western escarpment of the hill that, to the east, forms part of the catchment of Beverley Brook and, to the south, the Hogsmill River.
Sudbrook is joined by the Latchmere stream just beyond Ham Gate Pond. It then flows into Sudbrook Park, Petersham, and is culverted for the remainder of its course, discharging into the tidal River Thames to the east of 'River Lane' where the culvert outfall is protected from tidal backflow by a flap valve.
Before culverting, the stream used to flow alongside the A307 road in Petersham and was crossed by a ford at Sudbrook Lane.[4] The collapse of this culvert in the late 1970s, referred to as the Petersham Hole, caused widespread traffic disruption for over a year.
Latchmere stream
Latchmere probably combines Old French 'lache', lazy or slow-moving and Old English 'mere', a lake or pond; it may however relate to lammas land, a type of common land with church associations.
The Latchmere stream or Latchmere brook started as drainage ditches in the Canbury manor to the north-east of Kingston railway station that, historically in low gradient seasonally flooded. Flooding is abated by some drains in its catchment now draining to the Thames or Hogsmill River and by many soakaways for the roof of homes. Some surface water still drains north-east then north, added to by percolation of water in Richmond Park into the very small, hillside Gallows Pond. Exactly 305 metres of the south of the Kings Road forms its abrupt dip in Richmond Park's south-west side. Owing to flood deposition centuries ago of the untamed river Thames, the Thames/Latchmere watershed (divide), from the town northward shifts eastward e.g. is 220m from Richmond Road, as to Latchmere Road.[5][6]
The stream's lower course lines the south of the east side of Ham Common, about 50 metres west of Ham Gate of the Richmond Park, via which it joins the Sudbrook just below Ham Gate Pond which together skirt the west side of the Park against the Common.
From Roman to Saxon England or later, the north of Kingston town centre formed a series of island fields formed by a branch of the Hogsmill River and a drainage channel linked to this stream.[7][8]
With the increase of urbanisation of Kingston in the early 19th century, residents of Canbury used many of their ditches as open sewers, causing a public nuisance and a health hazard: The stench from this ditch, which is an open one, is always bad, but in summer it is beyond words to describe reported the Kingston Board of Guardians on 19 June 1866.[9] This and other open sewers were the cause of serious public health problems, and by in the early 1890s a sewerage works served Kingston, on the Thames.[10] However the slow brook, used as or percolating to the main source of water for a few, still caused some fatal infant diarrhoea and diphtheria.[11] Public information not to drink from streams, ditches or shallow wells in urban zones was widespread by the early 20th century.
Expansion of residential housing across former agricultural land has resulted in the Latchmere stream being culverted, but its course is revealed during periods of heavy rainfall. Its streets are the subject of pluvial flood risk management.[5]
References
- ^ https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=18&lat=51.42803&lon=-0.27990&layers=168&b=7
- ^ McDowall, David (1996). Richmond Park: The Walker's Historical Guide. ISBN 095278470X.
- ^ "Work starts on more ponds". Friends of Richmond Park. 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
- ^ "History". Petersham Village, Richmond, Surrey. Archived from the original on 3 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- ^ a b "SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN" (pdf). London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. 21 August 2009.[dead link]
- ^ 'Sheet 006,' in Map of Surrey (Map). 1:10,560. Ordnance Survey. 1871–1882. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
- ^ "The Hogsmill River: Life and Times". Kingston upon Thames Archaeological Society. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
- ^ Lindsell, David (8 May 2010). "Archaeologists reveal Kingston's history unearthed in past 40 years". Surrey Comet. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "Fever, Filth & Fear The History of Public Health in Kingston" (PDF). Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. Archived from the original (pdf) on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ^ https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=17&lat=51.41402&lon=-0.29958&layers=168&b=7 Ordnance Survey Map of 1895, National Libraries of Scotland interactive maps
- ^ French, Christopher; Warren, Juliet (2004). "Medical officers of health and infant mortality: the case of Kingston upon Thames in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries". Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Kingston University. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
