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5 World Trade Center

Coordinates: 40°42′37″N 74°00′46″W / 40.71028°N 74.01278°W / 40.71028; -74.01278
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"130 Liberty Street" redirects here. For the former building also known by this address, see Deutsche Bank Building.
5 World Trade Center
130 Liberty Street
5 World Trade Center's proposed design as of February 2021.
Map
General information
StatusIn Negotiation
TypeOffice, Residential
Location130 Liberty Street
Manhattan, New York City 10007, United States
Coordinates40°42′37″N 74°00′46″W / 40.71028°N 74.01278°W / 40.71028; -74.01278
Construction started2023; 1 year ago (2023)
Estimated completion2028
Height
Roof910 feet (280 m)[1]
Technical details
Floor count80
Floor area1,560,000 square feet (145,000 m2)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Kohn Pedersen Fox
DeveloperSilverstein Properties Brookfield Properties
Website
officialworldtradecenter.com/5wtc

5 World Trade Center (5 WTC; also referred to as 130 Liberty Street)[2] is a planned skyscraper at the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The site is across Liberty Street, to the south of the main 16-acre (6.5 ha) World Trade Center site. In February 2021 it was announced the new 5 World Trade Center will be developed in a joint venture between Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties.[3] The proposed building shares its name with the original 5 World Trade Center, which was heavily damaged as a result of the collapse of the North Tower during the September 11 attacks and was later demolished.

In June 2007, JPMorgan Chase announced plans to develop the building as the headquarters of its investment division, J.P. Morgan & Co.. However, after JPMorgan Chase's acquisition of Bear Stearns in March 2008, as the company relocated J.P. Morgan to 383 Madison Avenue. In June 2019, the Port Authority and Lower Manhattan Development Corporation agreed to a joint Request for proposal (RFP) for the site.[4][5]

As of February 2021, a new design has been announced for the new 5 World Trade Center to be developed by Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties. The new design calls for a 1,560,000 square feet (145,000 m2) mixed-use 910-foot-tall (280-metre) tower.[6]

Original building (1970–2001)

Original 5 World Trade Center building seen from the courtyard of The Sphere, 1998.

5 World Trade Center (5 WTC) was originally a steel-framed nine-story low-rise office building built in 1970–72 at New York City's World Trade Center. The building was designed by Minoru Yamasaki and Emery Roth & Sons. The structure was 118 ft (36 m) tall and had a black exterior. It suffered severe damage and partial collapse on its upper floors as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001. The remaining structure was demolished by the Port Authority in December 2001, making way for reconstruction. The building was L-shaped and occupied the northeast corner of the World Trade Center site. Overall dimensions were 330 by 420 feet (100 by 130 m), with an average area of 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2) per floor. It hosted a police desk.[7]

The Chambers Street and World Trade Center (A, ​C, and ​E trains) subway stations were located directly east of the building, and access to the station was available through the lobby. The building's remaining underground concourse space housed The Mall at the World Trade Center. The largest Borders bookstore in New York City spread across three floors of 5 World Trade Center, on the corner of the building adjacent to the intersection of Church and Vesey Street.

In 1984, artist Joanna Gilman Hyde painted the 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) canvas titled "Self Organizing Galaxy" on the roof of 5 World Trade Center, a temporary art exhibit.[8] It took eight days to paint and was signed on October 10, 1984.

September 11 attacks

Drawing of the original World Trade Center complex. The "¬"-shaped building on the northeast corner of the site is 5 WTC.
Preliminary site plans for the World Trade Center rebuild.
A picture showing the remnants of the World Trade Center complex. The original outline of the entire site can be seen at left.
5 World Trade Center in a NOAA aerial image following September 11, 2001.

5 WTC was the least damaged building of the entire complex. Floors 4–9 suffered partial collapse and/or fire damage as a result of the September 11 attacks, while Floors 1–3 were not damaged. The building's structural integrity on its upper floors were partially compromised due to the impact of steel and other debris from the North Tower. Other collapsed sections were due to fire damage. Portions of internal collapse and burnout were found on upper floors, mainly floors 6–8. The black exterior facade suffered severe fire damage. Floors 5–9 were on fire after the collapse of the South Tower. A section of the fuselage from United Airlines Flight 175 landed on the roof and a plane engine was found in the ninth floor cafeteria.[9] The Borders bookstore was undamaged after both towers collapsed.

The building was demolished by weakening its internal structure and using cables to pull down the rest of the structure, the same way 4 and 6 World Trade Center were demolished.[citation needed] The last standing section of 5 WTC was removed by December 2001.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)/ASCE Building Performance Study Team found that some connections between the structural steel beams failed in the fire. This was most apparent in the collapse of 5 World Trade Center, where the fireproofing did not protect the connections, causing the structure to fail. The structural failure didn't cause the entire building to collapse, as seen after the attacks that the structural skeleton remained intact.[10]

The building was the location of the Survivors' Staircase, which was moved 200 feet along Vesey Street in 2008 to prevent further damage. In 2010, the staircase was placed inside the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, where it resides today.

2 World Trade Center will stand at the exact location where the original 5 World Trade Center once stood.

Tenants

FL# Companies
9 Credit Suisse First Boston, Howard Publications, Council of State Governments, American Shipper, Our Planet Mgmt. Institute, Ltd., Hunan Resources & Tech. Institute
8 Credit Suisse First Boston, NYS Court of Claims, Continental Forwarding
7 Credit Suisse First Boston, U.S. Airways
6 Morgan Stanley
5 Morgan Stanley
4 Morgan Stanley
3 World Trade Center Dental, Affiliated Physicians of St. Vincent, Children's Discovery Center
2 JPMorgan Chase, FedEx, DHL
L Borders Books & Music, Daniel Pehr, Inc., Krispy Kreme
C Borders Books & Music, Charles Schwab, Sam Goody, Perfumeria Milano, American Airlines

New building

World Trade Center
Towers
Other elements
Artwork
History

5 World Trade Center (5 WTC) was expected to be designed for residential or mixed use in the original master plan for the complex by Daniel Libeskind. The building was to have a height limit of no more than 910 feet (280 m) and up to 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m2) of floor space. Negotiations over the World Trade Center site concluded in April 2006, with private developer Larry Silverstein yielding his right to develop on the site designated for One World Trade Center along with 5 World Trade Center to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in exchange for assistance in financing Towers 2, 3, and 4.

The Deutsche Bank Building began undergoing deconstruction in March 2007, which was finally completed by 2011. During this time, work along Liberty Street involved preparing the northern quadrant of the site for development. After site preparation work was done, construction began on the Vehicular Security Center and Liberty Park, which are both complete as of 2016.

Construction history

On June 22, 2007, the Port Authority announced that JPMorgan Chase will spend $290 million to lease the site until 2011 for construction of a 42-story building.[11] Following JPMorgan Chase's acquisition of Bear Stearns in March 2008, the company announced plans to use Bear Stearns' existing headquarters at 383 Madison Avenue as its new headquarters for J.P. Morgan Investment Bank.[12] The company abandoned plans to occupy a skyscraper at 130 Liberty Street.[13] A proposal to convert the planned office tower into a residential or mixed-use tower was explored instead.[13] On May 1, 2008, deconstruction of the former Deutsche Bank building resumed.[14]

By May 2009, the Port Authority was seeking to reduce the size of 2 and 3 WTC and postpone the construction of 5 WTC, citing the Great Recession and disagreements with Silverstein.[15][16] The developer had requested that the Port Authority fund two of the towers, but the agency wanted to provide funding for only one tower.[16][17] New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg attempted to mediate the dispute with little success.[18] It was proposed in July 2009 to move the planned construction site for the Performing Arts Center to the 130 Liberty Street location, but these plans were later rejected.[13] Also in July 2009, Silverstein wrote a letter to the development's stakeholders, recommending that the dispute go to arbitration.[19][20] Silverstein officially requested arbitration the next month.[21][22] He requested that the Port Authority pay $2.7 billion in damages.[23][24] An arbitration panel ruled in January 2010 that the agency did not owe him any damages.[23][24] However, the panel also voided a clause that would have forced Silverstein to hand over the towers to Port Authority if they were not completed by 2014.[24][25]

The Port Authority announced in March 2010 that it had assumed responsibility for the development of 5 World Trade Center, in addition to One World Trade Center, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, the transportation hub, and other site infrastructure. Towers 2, 3, and 4 would continue to be developed by Silverstein Properties.[26] Later that year, New York University had expressed interest in expanding to 5 World Trade Center as part of its NYU 2031 program.[27] These plans were also eventually rejected.

The deconstruction of the Deutsche Bank Building was completed in February 2011, and construction of another World Trade Center project, the Vehicular Security Center and Tour Bus Parking Facilities began.[28] Development of the site was officially given to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[29] On September 1, 2011, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey began construction to incorporate the site into the new WTC development, acting as its developer.[30][31]

Governor Andrew Cuomo signed an agreement in October 2011 to rebuild the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Liberty Park.[32] The church would be located adjacent to the future Liberty Park, which would be built on top of the Vehicular Security Center.[33] That December, Phase 2 construction of the South bathtub, located on the site of 130 Liberty Street, continued with the excavation and concrete placement.[34] By mid-2013, the ground was prepared for construction. A walkway that is next to the site of 5 WTC would be constructed into a supermarket. By 2014, the ground had been transformed into parking spaces for vehicles belonging to the Port Authority Police Department (PAPD). According to the agency, this usage of the site is only temporary.

In June 2019 a joint RFP was issued following a deal between Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation with the agencies to split the proceeds. In November 2019 a possible partnership between Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties was reported to develop the site.[4][5] In February 2021 that partnership was confirmed and a new design unveiled with construction slated to begin in 2023.[35]

Design

The original design for the tower was by Kohn Pedersen Fox,[36] and called for a 42-story building with a seven-floor cantilevered section starting at the 12th floor. This section of the building would have housed JPMorgan Chase's large trading floors, rising above the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, and would be taller than 7 World Trade Center.[37] As of September 2013, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation and Port Authority were actively marketing the site, but had not released any information about the building.[38]

In June 2018, New York YIMBY reported on a new design for the tower, after rendering was spotted on a fence surrounding the construction site, hinting an announcement from the Port Authority may be coming soon. According to the article, it is "a glassy building with a triangular motif reminiscent of the David Childs-designed 1 WTC. The depiction is roughly 70 stories in height, which could indicate yet another supertall is planned for the area."[39]

In February 2021, a new design was announced for the new 5 World Trade Center to be developed by Silverstein Properties and Brookfield Properties. The new design calls for a 910-foot (280 m) tall mixed use tower rising 80 stories. The tower will consist mainly of 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m2) of residential space spread over 69 floors, numbering 1,325 units, with 25 percent or roughly 330 units of the apartments being set aside for permanent affordable housing. The base of the tower will include the lobbies, 7,000 square feet (650 m2) of retail, 55,000 square feet (5,100 m2) of public amenity space spread across 2 floors, a floor with 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) of public space and 190,000 square feet (18,000 m2) of office space spread across 6 floors. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2023 and finish by 2028.[35][40]

See also

References

  1. ^ Appelbaum, Alec (June 30, 2007). "Kohn Responds to WTC5 Criticisms". Architectural Record. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  2. ^ "Five World Trade Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
  3. ^ "Silverstein, Brookfield Win Bid to Build Tower at 5 World Trade Center". Commercial Observer. February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Morris, Sebastian (June 4, 2019). "City Agencies Broker New Deal With Developers to Bring 5 WTC to Market". New York Yimby. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  5. ^ a b Young, Michael (September 11, 2019). "Silverstein Updates YIMBY On Continued World Trade Center Progress as Work on Perelman PAC Gains Momentum". New York Yimby. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  6. ^ "Five World Trade Center's 900-Foot-Tall Redesign by Kohn Pedersen Fox Revealed, in Manhattan's Financial District". New York YIMBY. February 13, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  7. ^ "World Trade Center History". New York City. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  8. ^ "New York Day By Day: Putting Mop to Canvas". The New York Times. September 5, 1984.
  9. ^ "When ash fell like snow: 20 years on, a fire warden's 9/11 memories still haunt". The Times of Israel.
  10. ^ Testimony of Dr. W. Gene Corley Archived September 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, on behalf of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), to Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, U. S. House of Representatives, May 1, 2002.
  11. ^ Naanes, Marlene (June 22, 2007). "JP Morgan releases WTC tower plans". am New York. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  12. ^ Cuozzo, Steve (March 18, 2008). "Deal's Downtown Domino". New York Post. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  13. ^ a b c Shapiro, Julie (July 17, 2009). "Arts center might swing over to the south side". Downtown Express. Archived from the original on September 22, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
  14. ^ "Work to Resume at Burned Bank Tower". The New York Times. The Associated Press. May 1, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  15. ^ "Port Authority wants to dump three of five proposed skyscrapers for WTC site". New York Daily News. May 11, 2009. Archived from the original on April 24, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  16. ^ a b Agovino, Theresa (May 18, 2009). "Port Authority vs. Silverstein feud heads to Gracie Mansion". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 25, no. 20. p. 4. ProQuest 219150700.
  17. ^ Reuters (July 18, 2009). "Trade Center Developer and Port Authority at Odds Again". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 14, 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  18. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (June 9, 2009). "Little Progress Is Seen in Talks on Ground Zero". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  19. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (July 7, 2009). "Port Authority Is Blamed for Trade Center Delays". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  20. ^ Brown, Eliot (July 6, 2009). "Silverstein Goes to the Mattresses! Takes Legal Action To End WTC Stalemate". Observer. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  21. ^ "Agency report supports Silverstein in World Trade Center dispute". amNewYork. August 13, 2009. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  22. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (August 5, 2009). "Developer at Ground Zero Seeks Arbitration". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  23. ^ a b Bagli, Charles V. (January 27, 2010). "Trade Center Site Developer Set Back". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  24. ^ a b c "Arbitrators rule against Silverstein at Ground Zero". Crain's New York Business. January 27, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  25. ^ Polsky, Sara (January 27, 2010). "Arbitration Panel Awards Zero Dollars to Silverstein for WTC". Curbed NY. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
  26. ^ "Joint Statement on World Trade Center Development". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. March 25, 2010. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
  27. ^ "NYU Considers WTC for Expansion Plan". NBC New York. June 15, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  28. ^ Daily Activities, Lower Manhattan, April 4, 2011, archived from the original on March 28, 2011, retrieved March 23, 2011
  29. ^ "World Trade Center South Bathtub / Vehicular Security Center". Archived from the original on January 9, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  30. ^ Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. "130 Liberty Street". Archived from the original on March 28, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  31. ^ "Tower 5". Silverstein Properties. 2008.
  32. ^ "Governor Cuomo Signs Agreement to Kick-Start The Rebuilding of the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Lower Manhattan". Governor's Press Office, New York. October 14, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  33. ^ The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (June 4, 2009). "Ask The Port Authority". Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  34. ^ Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. "World Trade Center South Bathtub / Vehicular Security Center". Archived from the original on January 9, 2012. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
  35. ^ a b "Silverstein, Brookfield Win Bid to Build Tower at 5 World Trade Center". Commercial Observer. February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  36. ^ Cuozzo, Steve (June 22, 2007). "What a Zero!". New York Post. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  37. ^ Schuerman, Matthew (June 21, 2007). "Chase Tower to Shadow Church". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  38. ^ "New Port Authority chief Pat Foye addresses audit, W.T.C. in exclusive interview". March 14, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
  39. ^ "New Renderings Appear for Supertall 5 World Trade Center". New York YIMBY. June 14, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  40. ^ "Five World Trade Center's 900-Foot-Tall Redesign by Kohn Pedersen Fox Revealed, in Manhattan's Financial District". New York YIMBY. February 13, 2021. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
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