Whiteface Mountain
| Whiteface Mountain | |
|---|---|
 Whiteface Mountain | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,867 ft (1,483 m) |
| Prominence | 3,110 ft (950 m) |
| Listing | #5 Adirondack High Peaks |
| Coordinates | 44°21′57″N 73°54′10″W / 44.36583°N 73.90278°W |
| Geography | |
  Whiteface Mountain Location of Whiteface, northeast of Lake Placid  Whiteface Mountain Whiteface Mountain (the United States) | |
| Location | Wilmington, New York, U.S. |
| Parent range | Adirondacks |
| Topo map | USGS Lake Placid |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | road |
Whiteface Mountain is the fifth-highest mountain in the state of New York, USA, and one of the High Peaks of the Adirondack Mountains. Set apart from most of the other High Peaks, the summit offers a 360-degree view of the Adirondacks and clear-day glimpses of Vermont and even Canada, where the skyscrapers of Montreal, 80 miles (130 km) away, can be seen on a very clear day. Located in the town of Wilmington, about 13 miles (21 km) from Lake Placid, the mountain's east slope is home to a major ski area with the greatest vertical drop east of the Rockies,[1] which hosted the alpine skiing competitions of the 1980 Winter Olympics. Unique among the High Peaks, Whiteface features a developed summit and seasonal accessibility by motor vehicle. Whiteface Memorial Highway reaches a parking area at an elevation of 4,600 feet (1,400 m), with the remaining 267 feet (81 m) being obtained by tunnel and elevator.
Conceived and initiated prior to the Great Depression, Whiteface Castle and the Whiteface Mountain Veterans Memorial Highway were funded entirely by the state of New York, though the timing of the project led to a widespread belief that they were Depression-era public works projects arising from the New Deal.[2] Construction on the toll road began in 1929, after passage of a necessary amendment to the state constitution, with a groundbreaking ceremony featuring then-New York State Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. Eventually costing 1.2 million dollars (21 million in 2023 dollars[3]) and ending vertically within 300 feet (90 m) of the summit, the roadway is 5 miles (8 km) long and features an impressively steep 8% average grade. Officially opened July 20, 1935, in a ceremony featuring Roosevelt, by then President, the highway was dedicated to veterans of the Great War. The Highway is usually open to vehicles from May to October.
Whiteface Castle, built with granite excavated during the road construction, dominates the summit area. From the adjacent parking lot there are two routes to the summit proper. The first route is the Stairway Ridge Trail, a footpath with handrails and intermittent cement and stone steps approximately 0.2 miles (0.32 km) long. The second is a 424-foot (129 m) long tunnel into the core of the mountain. At the end of the tunnel is an elevator, which rises 276 feet (84 m), approximately 27 stories, to the summit.
Whiteface Mountain Ski Area
| Whiteface Mountain Ski Area | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Wilmington, New York, U.S. |
| Nearest major city | Lake Placid - 13 miles (21 km) |
| Coordinates | 44°21′57″N 73°54′10″W / 44.36583°N 73.90278°W |
| Vertical | 3,166 ft (965 m) (lift-served) 3,430 ft (1,045 m) |
| Top elevation | 4,386 ft (1,337 m) (lift-served) 4,650 ft (1,417 m) |
| Base elevation | 1,220 ft (372 m) |
| Skiable area | 314 acres (127 ha) |
| Trails | 87 total - 20% easiest  - 43% more difficult  - 37% most difficult |
| Lift system | 1 gondola 9 chairlifts 1 conveyor lift |
| Terrain parks | 7 |
| Snowfall | 190 in (480 cm)[4] |
| Snowmaking | yes |
| Night skiing | no |
| Website | Whiteface.com |
 | |
Whiteface was part of the post-World War II growth in recreational skiing attributed to the efforts of returning veterans of the U.S. Army's 10th Mountain Division. It is a major ski area, run by the Olympic Regional Development Authority. Known for its big-mountain skiing, Whiteface is consistently ranked as one of the top ski resorts in the Northeast. It was a prime venue of the 1980 Winter Olympics, hosting all six of the alpine ski events.[5] Whiteface regularly hosts major alpine ski events, such as the US Alpine Skiing Championships, most recently in 2010, and is a U.S. Olympic Training Site.
Whiteface's ski area boasts 90 trails stretching over 25 miles and encompassing three peaks.[6] Whiteface's highest lift unloads at 4,386 feet (1,337 m), a vertical drop of 3,166 ft (965 m) to the base area at 1,220 ft (372 m). Its hike-to terrain, The Slides, is 264 ft (80 m) higher at 4,650 ft (1,417 m), providing Whiteface with the greatest continuous vertical drop in eastern North America at 3,430 feet (1,045 m). Its neighbor, Little Whiteface, tops in elevation at 3,676 ft (1,120 m). Whiteface has a total of 22 miles (35 km) of ski terrain, spread out over 88 trails. 314 acres (127 ha) of skiing area includes 35 in-bounds, off-piste double-black diamond wilderness terrain skiing on "The Slides" (conditions permitting), 85.5 acres (34.6 ha) of tree skiing, 35 acres (14 ha) of expert extreme adventure terrain. The Slides is an unmaintained wilderness area that is rarely open due to safety hazards. They can only be accessed by hiking from the top of the Summit Quad. Whiteface has a separate area for beginners known as Bear Den Mountain (formerly Kids Kampus).
In recent years there have been major improvements in snowmaking and grooming. Whiteface contains 90 trails accessible by one gondola, nine chairlifts, and one conveyor lift. Some 98% of the trails are covered by snowmaking, excluding the glades and the Slides. The Slides are double-black diamond runs that are usually only open at the end of the skiing season due to avalanche danger. They are between 35 and 40 degrees with high natural hazards (such as waterfalls, rocks, cliffs, trees, and variable conditions) vertically for over 1,250 feet (381 m). The Slides are considered[by whom?] to be one of the most challenging[further explanation needed] ski slopes that are marked on a trail map in the Northeast.[7]
In summer, Whiteface Mountain offers gondola rides and mountain biking.
History
In July 1909, a fire lookout was established on the mountain, but no tower was built due to unobstructed views due to lack of tree cover. The original lookout was a pole frame structure with a canvas tent stretched over it for the observer to get out of the weather. The shelter was later improved to a stone hut. In 1919, a 22-foot-tall (6.7 m) steel Aermotor tower was built on the mountain. In 1930, along with the construction of the memorial highway, a 46-foot-tall (14 m) memorial tower with a 60 inches (150 cm) revolving light to honor the Veterans of the World War. It was later proposed through legislative process, that the tower be built of stone and be 70-foot-tall (21 m). The legislation was vetoed by Governor Lehman. After the completion of the memorial highway, a dispute arose over whether the Conservation Department or the State Highway Department would have control over the fire lookout tower. In June 1935, Governor Lehman intervened and ruled in favor of the Conservation Department. In 1937, the state completed the improvements on the mountaintop which included the Summit House along with the tunnel and elevator. Due to increased use of aerial fire detection, the tower was closed at the end of the 1970 fire lookout season. On May 23, 1972, the fire tower was removed and was one of the first of many towers to be removed from Adirondack Mountains. New York State Forest Rangers and Operations personnel dismantled the tower and marked the pieces for possible future use. The tower's historical sign remained on the mountain for an additional year. The sign was then removed and donated along with the tower to the Adirondack Museum at Blue Mountain Lake.[8]
Climate
Whiteface Mountain has a subarctic climate (Dfc) according to the Köppen climate classification, with severely cold, snowy winters and cool to mild wet summers. The average snowfall at Whiteface Mountain averages 190 inches per year plus 99% of the mountain trails are serviced by snowmaking. During the 2016-2017 season Whiteface boasted a record-breaking 281 inches of natural snowfall.[9] The record for the absolute minimum temperature ever measured on Whiteface Mountain's weather station was set on Feb. 4 2023, when the temperature fell to -40.2 °F (-40.1 °C), during an unprecedented arctic blast.[10]
| Climate data for Whiteface Mountain 44.3661 N, 73.9009 W, Elevation: 4,354 ft (1,327 m) (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 18.2 (−7.7) |
19.6 (−6.9) |
26.9 (−2.8) |
43.0 (6.1) |
55.4 (13.0) |
63.8 (17.7) |
68.0 (20.0) |
66.8 (19.3) |
61.4 (16.3) |
48.9 (9.4) |
32.7 (0.4) |
23.5 (−4.7) |
44.0 (6.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 10.3 (−12.1) |
11.7 (−11.3) |
19.3 (−7.1) |
33.2 (0.7) |
45.8 (7.7) |
55.0 (12.8) |
59.5 (15.3) |
58.3 (14.6) |
52.3 (11.3) |
40.2 (4.6) |
26.5 (−3.1) |
16.8 (−8.4) |
35.7 (2.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 2.4 (−16.4) |
3.8 (−15.7) |
11.7 (−11.3) |
23.4 (−4.8) |
36.3 (2.4) |
46.2 (7.9) |
51.1 (10.6) |
49.8 (9.9) |
43.3 (6.3) |
31.6 (−0.2) |
20.2 (−6.6) |
10.0 (−12.2) |
27.5 (−2.5) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.35 (110) |
3.31 (84) |
4.13 (105) |
5.24 (133) |
5.65 (144) |
6.76 (172) |
6.06 (154) |
5.71 (145) |
5.54 (141) |
6.36 (162) |
5.03 (128) |
4.77 (121) |
62.91 (1,599) |
| Source: PRISM Climate Group[11] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Whiteface Mountain, New York (1937-1946 normals, extremes 1937-1946) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 42 (6) |
41 (5) |
63 (17) |
69 (21) |
73 (23) |
79 (26) |
78 (26) |
78 (26) |
75 (24) |
69 (21) |
57 (14) |
52 (11) |
79 (26) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 16.3 (−8.7) |
17.8 (−7.9) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
36.3 (2.4) |
50.9 (10.5) |
59.6 (15.3) |
62.7 (17.1) |
59.9 (15.5) |
53.9 (12.2) |
42.1 (5.6) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
20.0 (−6.7) |
39.7 (4.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 7.5 (−13.6) |
8.4 (−13.1) |
17.5 (−8.1) |
28.2 (−2.1) |
42.6 (5.9) |
51.4 (10.8) |
55.3 (12.9) |
53.1 (11.7) |
46.1 (7.8) |
33.6 (0.9) |
23.5 (−4.7) |
11.4 (−11.4) |
31.6 (−0.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −1.8 (−18.8) |
−1.1 (−18.4) |
8.7 (−12.9) |
20.1 (−6.6) |
34.2 (1.2) |
43.2 (6.2) |
47.9 (8.8) |
46.0 (7.8) |
38.3 (3.5) |
27.1 (−2.7) |
16.0 (−8.9) |
3.0 (−16.1) |
23.5 (−4.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −36 (−38) |
−40 (−40) |
−35 (−37) |
−18 (−28) |
9 (−13) |
16 (−9) |
28 (−2) |
28 (−2) |
16 (−9) |
6 (−14) |
−10 (−23) |
−34 (−37) |
−40 (−40) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.11 (104) |
3.76 (96) |
3.27 (83) |
4.26 (108) |
3.84 (98) |
3.26 (83) |
4.20 (107) |
3.56 (90) |
4.48 (114) |
3.71 (94) |
4.08 (104) |
4.27 (108) |
46.80 (1,189) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 27.0 (69) |
29.7 (75) |
19.2 (49) |
11.4 (29) |
1.1 (2.8) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
10.1 (26) |
23.2 (59) |
17.8 (45) |
139.7 (355.31) |
| Source: Western Regional Climate Center[12] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
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Whiteface Mountain -
Whiteface Mountain from near Franklin Falls NY -
Whiteface Mountain as seen from Esther Mountain -
View from the Cloudsplitter Gondola on the way to the summit of Little Whiteface -
A view of nearby Lake Placid from the summit of Whiteface Mountain
.JPG)
References
- ^ "Interactive Trail Map - Check Open Lifts and Trails". Whiteface Mountain. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ Plattsburgh Press-Republican, September 14, 2010, Whiteface Memorial Highway feted at 75 (full text here)
- ^ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
- ^ Whiteface Stats - mountain stats
- ^ 1980 Winter Olympics official report. Volume 1. pp. 20-8.
- ^ "Interactive Trail Map - Check Open Lifts and Trails". Whiteface Mountain. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "Best Ski Towns In America". Retrieved September 15, 2015.
- ^ "Searchable list of NY Fire Towers". nysffla.org. The New York State Chapter of the Forest Fire Lookout Association. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ^ "Whiteface Mountain Ski Resort | SkiCentral.com". www.skicentral.com. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ https://www.adirondackexplorer.org/stories/whiteface-may-see-record-cold-tonight#:~:text=The%20summit%20of%20Whiteface%20Mountain,record%20low%20for%20the%20mountain.
- ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
To find the table data on the PRISM website, start by clicking Coordinates (under Location); copy Latitude and Longitude figures from top of table; click Zoom to location; click Precipitation, Minimum temp, Mean temp, Maximum temp; click 30-year normals, 1991-2020; click 800m; click Retrieve Time Series button.
- ^ "WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN, NY". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
External links
- Whiteface Mountain website
- Wilmington Historical Society Photos
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Whiteface Mountain
- Peakbagger.com: Whiteface Mountain
- Summitpost.org: Whiteface Mountain
- The History of Whiteface Mountain Ski Center
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