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Fairmount Park

Coordinates: 39°59′22″N 75°12′10″W / 39.98944°N 75.20278°W / 39.98944; -75.20278
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This article is about the municipal park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. For other uses, see Fairmount Park (disambiguation).
Fairmount Park
Belmont Plateau view toward Center City
Fairmount Park is located in Philadelphia
Fairmount Park
Fairmount Park is located in Pennsylvania
Fairmount Park
Fairmount Park is located in the United States
Fairmount Park
LocationBoth banks of Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek, from Spring Garden St. to Northwestern Ave. in Philadelphia[2]
Coordinates39°59′22″N 75°12′10″W / 39.98944°N 75.20278°W / 39.98944; -75.20278
AreaSchuylkill River 2,052 acres (830 ha),
Wissahickon Creek 2,042 acres (826 ha)[3] (8.26 square kilometers)
Built1812
ArchitectRobert Morris Copeland; Olmsted & Vaux et al.
Architectural styleColonial Revival, Georgian, Federal
NRHP reference No.72001151[1]
Added to NRHPFebruary 7, 1972

Fairmount Park is the largest municipal park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the historic name for a group of parks located throughout the city.[4][5] Fairmount Park consists of two park sections named East Park and West Park, divided by the Schuylkill River, with the two sections together totalling 2,052 acres (830 ha).[3] Management of Fairmount Park and the entire citywide park system is overseen by Philadelphia Parks & Recreation, a city department created in 2010 from the merger of the Fairmount Park Commission and the Department of Recreation.[6][7]

Many other city parks had also been historically included in the Fairmount Park system prior to 2010, including Wissahickon Valley Park in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennypack Park in Northeast Philadelphia, Cobbs Creek Park in West Philadelphia, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park in South Philadelphia and 58 additional parks, parkways, plazas, squares and public golf courses spread throughout the city.[4][8] Since the 2010 merger, however, the term "Fairmount Park system" is no longer used by the Parks & Recreation department, and the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park and all other park areas are considered completely separate entities.[5]

History

Sculpture of General Ulysses S. Grant by Daniel Chester French

Fairmount Park, Philadelphia's first park, occupies 2,052 acres (830 ha) adjacent to the banks of the Schuylkill River.[3] Since 2010, Philadelphia Parks & Recreation divides the original park into East and West Fairmount parks. The original domain of Fairmount Park consisted of three areas: "South Park" or the South Garden immediately below the Fairmount Water Works extending to the Callowhill Street Bridge; "Old Park," which encompassed the former estates of Lemon Hill and Sedgeley; and West Park, the area including the Philadelphia Zoo and the Centennial Exposition grounds. The South Garden predated the establishment of the Park Commission in 1867, while Lemon Hill and Sedgeley were added in 1855–56. After the Civil War, work progressed on acquiring and laying out West Park. In the 1870s, the Fairmount Park Commission expropriated properties along the Wissahickon Creek to extend Fairmount Park. The Schuylkill River Trail is a modern paved multi-use trail by Kelly Drive in the East Park.

The Belmont Plateau Cross Country Course is located in the park.[9] The 1923 and 1976 USA Cross Country Championships were held in the park.

Growth

East Fairmount Park, ca. 1900

The park grew out of the Lemon Hill estate of Henry Pratt, whose land was originally owned by Robert Morris, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Purchased by the city in 1844, the estate was dedicated to the public by city council's ordinance on September 15, 1855. A series of state and local legislative acts over the next three years increased the holdings of the city. In 1858, the city held a design competition to re-landscape Lemon Hill and Sedgeley for public use as the best way to better protect the city's water supply.[10]

As the site of the 1876 Centennial Exposition and the first zoo in the United States, the Philadelphia Zoo, Fairmount Park was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on February 7, 1972. The adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park, located to the immediate northwest, was also included in the Fairmount Park NRHP registration document.[2]

Properties

Park properties include the Centennial Arboretum, a Horticulture Center, Fairmount Water Works, Memorial Hall (home of the Please Touch Museum), Shofuso Japanese House and Garden, Boathouse Row, Smith Memorial Playground and Playhouse, recreation centers, reservoirs, statues and other pieces of art.[5][7]

Public art

See also: List of public art in Philadelphia § Fairmount Park and Schuylkill River
One of the Florentine lions

Fairmount Park is home to a large collection of public art, largely due to the efforts of the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1872 to embellish Fairmount Park with outdoor sculpture,[11] including the Florentine Lions installed in 1887.[12] The Art Association continues to commission and care for a large number of sculptures, in coordination with the park and city. In 2007, the Art Association installed Iroquois by Mark di Suvero near the Philadelphia Museum of Art on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway.[13]

Historic houses

See also: List of houses in Fairmount Park
Strawberry Mansion

Mount Pleasant, built in 1762–65 for a Scottish ship captain named John Macpherson, is administered by the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The Art Museum also administers Cedar Grove Mansion, a house built in 1748–50 in what later became the Frankford neighborhood of the city. Cedar Grove was relocated to the park in 1926–1928.[14]

Other historic houses in the park, listed by year of construction, include Boelson Cottage (1678–84), The Lilacs (c. 1711),[15] Letitia Street House (c. 1713), Ridgeland Mansion (1719),[16] Belmont Mansion (1745), The Cliffs (1753; ruins since a fire in 1986), Woodford Mansion (1756), Hatfield House (1760), Randolph House (c. 1767; renamed Laurel Hill Mansion in 1976),[17] Strawberry Mansion (c. 1783–89), The Solitude (1784–85; located within the zoo),[18] Sweetbriar Mansion (1797), Ormiston Mansion (1798),[19] Lemon Hill Mansion (1800), Chamounix Mansion (1802),[20] Rockland Mansion (c. 1810),[21][22] and the Ohio House which was built for the Centennial Exposition of 1876.[23]

Sedgeley Mansion was built in 1799 on Lemon Hill, then abandoned and later demolished after being acquired through eminent domain by the city in 1857.[24][10][25] The Sedgeley property also included a servant's cottage constructed of stone which still exists.[26] The cottage was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe and is presently known as the Sedgeley Porter's House.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. ^ a b "National Register of Historic Places - Fairmount Park - #72001151". focus.nps.gov. National Park Service. February 7, 1972. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2016. Locations: Philadelphia ; Both banks of Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek, from Spring Garden St. to Northwestern Ave.
  3. ^ a b c "The City of Philadelphia, Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan" (PDF). dcnr.state.pa.us. The City of Philadelphia. 2012. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 19, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016. The City contains approximately 6,781 acres of watershed parks including East/West Fairmount Parks (2052 ac.), Wissahickon Valley Park (2042 ac.), Pennypack Creek Park (1343 ac.), Cobbs Creek Park (851 ac.), Tacony Creek Park (304 ac.), and Poquessing Creek Park (189 ac.)
  4. ^ a b "Centennial Exhibition and Expansion of Fairmount Park System". phila.gov. The City of Philadelphia. n.d. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016. Fairmount Park System...expanded from the initial parks under the management of the Fairmount Park Commission (Fairmount Park, Wissahickon Valley Park and Hunting Park), to include several large watershed parks located throughout the city.
  5. ^ a b c Milroy, Elizabeth (2016). "The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia - Fairmount Park". philadelphiaencyclopedia.org. Mid-Atlantic Regional Center for the Humanities (MARCH) at Rutgers-Camden, NJ. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  6. ^ "Department History". phila.gov. The City of Philadelphia. n.d. Archived from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2016. the Fairmount Park Commission, created in 1867, and the Philadelphia Department of Recreation, created in 1951...officially merged on July 1, 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Pathport to Philadelphia Parks & Recreation" (PDF). phila.gov. The City of Philadelphia. December 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  8. ^ "63 Neighborhood and Regional Parks". fairmountpark.org. Philadelphia Parks and Recreation. n.d. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
  9. ^ "Belmont Plateau 5K Cross Country Course". usatf.org. Retrieved 2018-09-12.
  10. ^ a b Moss 1998, p. 9
  11. ^ Richman, M: “Sculpture of a City”, page 54. Walker Publishing Co., 1974.
  12. ^ si.edu
  13. ^ Salisbury.S: “Can’t miss this art” a 17½-ton sculpture is installed on the Parkway”, The Philadelphia Inquirer. June 23, 2007.
  14. ^ "Philadelphia Museum of Art - Visiting: Plan Your Visit: Historic Houses". Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  15. ^ "Fairmount Park Trail Master Plan". issuu.com. Andropogon Associates, Ltd (for the Fairmount Park Commission). December 31, 2000. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  16. ^ "Ridgeland Rentals". (archive) cancersupportphiladelphia.org. Cancer Support Community of Greater Philadelphia. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  17. ^ "Laurel Hill Mansion – History Highlights". Women for Greater Philadelphia Inc. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  18. ^ "The Solitude House" (archive). philadelphiazoo.org. Philadelphia Zoo. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  19. ^ "Ormiston House, Reservoir Drive, Philadelphia". Library of Congress. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  20. ^ "A brief history of Chamounix Mansion" Archived 2017-10-09 at the Wayback Machine. Hostelling International. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  21. ^ "Rockland, Mount Pleasant Drive, Fairmount Park". Library of Congress. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  22. ^ "Rockland Mansion and Fairmount Park". Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  23. ^ "Ohio House". Philadelphia Parks & Recreation: Fairmount Park. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  24. ^ Scharf 1884, p. 1885
  25. ^ Westcott 1877, pp. 452–453
  26. ^ Fazio 2006, p. 267
  27. ^ "Sedgeley (Porter's House)". fairmountpark.org. Fairmount Park. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2009.

Bibliography

  • Fazio, Michael W. (2006), The Domestic Architecture of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Johns Hopkins University Press
  • Moss, Roger W.; Crane, Tom (1998), Historic Houses of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press
  • Scharf, John Thomas; Westcott, Thompson (1884), History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, L. H. Everts
  • Westcott, Thompson (1877), The Historic Mansions and Buildings of Philadelphia, Porter & Coates
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