Union affiliation by U.S. state

Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017

  20+%

  15–19.9%

  10–14.9%

  5–9.9%

  0–4.9%

Union affiliation by U.S. state (2019)

Rank	State	Percent union members	Union members	Percent represented by unions	Represented by unions	Total employed	Right to Work
1	Hawaii	23.5	135,000	25.5	147,000	574,000	No
2	New York	21.0	1,732,000	22.7	1,877,000	8,253,000	No
3	Washington	18.8	638,000	20.2	684,000	3,393,000	No
4	Rhode Island	17.4	83,000	19.0	90,000	475,000	No
5	Alaska	17.1	48,000	18.7	53,000	282,000	No
6	New Jersey	15.7	642,000	17.4	712,000	4,094,000	No
7	California	15.2	2,504,000	16.5	2,726,000	16,485,000	No
8	Nevada	14.6	201,000	16.1	222,000	1,379,000	Yes
9	Connecticut	14.5	244,000	16.0	269,000	1,680,000	No
10	Oregon	14.4	255,000	15.7	277,000	1,772,000	No
11	Minnesota	13.7	364,000	14.3	381,000	2,662,000	No
12	Illinois	13.6	771,000	14.7	832,000	5,658,000	No
13	Michigan	13.6	589,000	15.0	648,000	4,323,000	Yes
14	Pennsylvania	12.0	676,000	13.1	740,000	5,642,000	No
15	Massachusetts	12.0	406,000	13.2	449,000	3,397,000	No
16	Ohio	11.9	610,000	13.1	673,000	5,127,000	No
17	Maine	11.8	69,000	13.7	81,000	588,000	No
18	Maryland	11.3	330,000	12.8	371,000	2,912,000	No
19	Vermont	11.2	33,000	12.0	35,000	290,000	No
20	Missouri	11.1	297,000	12.5	333,000	2,661,000	No
21	Montana	10.5	46,000	12.0	52,000	437,000	No
—	United States	10.3	14,574,000	11.6	16,383,000	141,737,000	N/A
22	New Hampshire	10.3	69,000	11.6	79,000	677,000	No
23	West Virginia	10.2	72,000	11.1	78,000	704,000	Yes
24	District of Columbia	9.3	35,000	10.2	41,000	354,000	No
25	Colorado	9.0	237,000	9.8	259,000	2,631,000	No
26	Delaware	8.7	38,000	9.9	43,000	432,000	No
27	Kansas	8.7	112,000	10.1	130,000	1,280,000	Yes
28	Alabama	8.5	173,000	9.8	199,000	2,041,000	Yes
29	Nebraska	8.4	75,000	9.6	86,000	894,000	Yes
30	Indiana	8.3	249,000	9.8	296,000	3,007,000	Yes
31	Wisconsin	8.1	218,000	9.1	245,000	2,698,000	Yes
32	Kentucky	8.0	144,000	9.5	169,000	1,786,000	Yes
33	Wyoming	7.3	18,000	8.7	21,000	243,000	Yes
34	New Mexico	7.1	58,000	8.8	72,000	813,000	No
35	Mississippi	6.3	70,000	8.4	93,000	1,105,000	Yes
36	Iowa	6.3	97,000	7.9	122,000	1,543,000	Yes
37	Florida	6.2	551,000	7.6	667,000	8,827,000	Yes
38	Oklahoma	6.2	96,000	7.9	123,000	1,554,000	Yes
39	North Dakota	6.0	21,000	7.5	27,000	356,000	Yes
40	Arizona	5.7	174,000	7.1	214,000	3,048,000	Yes
41	South Dakota	5.6	22,000	6.7	26,000	395,000	Yes
42	Louisiana	5.3	94,000	6.1	108,000	1,784,000	Yes
43	Arkansas	5.2	62,000	5.9	71,000	1,200,000	Yes
44	Idaho	4.9	37,000	6.0	46,000	764,000	Yes
45	Tennessee	4.6	135,000	5.5	162,000	2,947,000	Yes
46	Utah	4.4	62,000	5.9	83,000	1,409,000	Yes
47	Georgia	4.1	180,000	5.0	223,000	4,422,000	Yes
48	Texas	4.0	497,000	5.2	642,000	12,334,000	Yes
49	Virginia	4.0	156,000	5.2	201,000	3,881,000	Yes
50	North Carolina	2.3	102,000	3.4	150,000	4,396,000	Yes
51	South Carolina	2.2	47,000	2.7	59,000	2,140,000	Yes

See also

• International comparisons of labor unions
• Labor unions in the United States
• Right-to-work law

External links

• Hirsch, Barry T.; Macpherson, David (2016). "Union Membership and Coverage Database". Unionstats.com.
  • Hirsch, Barry T.; Macpherson, David A.; Vroman, Wayne G. (2016). "Union Density Estimates by State, 1964–2015". Atlanta: Georgia State University.
    • State Union Membership Density, 1964–2008 (Excel file)
    • State Union Coverage Density, 1977–2008 (Excel file)