Bismuth pentafluoride

Bismuth pentafluoride
Names
	Other names bismuth(V) fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7787-62-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:30426 ;
ChemSpider	21172752;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.205
PubChem CID	123260;
UNII	BX273GFK98 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10228490 ;
	InChI InChI=1/Bi.5FH.3H/h;51H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;;/p-5/rBiH3.5FH/h1H3;51H/q+3;;;;;/p-5 Key: MELFHUKMGVSOTN-COTDSHSIAY;
	SMILES [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[BiH3+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	BiF5
Molar mass	303.97 g mol−1
Appearance	long white needles, colourless crystalline solid
Density	5.40 g cm−3
Melting point	151.4 °C (304.5 °F; 424.5 K) , 154.4 °C
Boiling point	230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)
Structure
Coordination geometry	octahedral Bi
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 3 OX
Related compounds
Other anions	bismuth trichloride, bismuth tribromide, bismuth triiodide, pentamethylbismuth
Other cations	phosphorus pentafluoride, arsenic pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride
Related compounds	bismuth trifluoride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Bismuth pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula BiF₅. It is a white solid that is highly reactive. The compound is of interest to researchers but not of particular value.

Structure

BiF₅ is polymeric and consists of linear chains of trans-bridged corner sharing BiF₆ octahedra.^[1]^[3] This is the same structure as α-UF₅.^[1]


(BiF₅)_∞ chain	packing of chains

Preparation

BiF₅ can be prepared by treating BiF₃ with F₂ at 500 °C.^[2]

BiF₃ + F₂ → BiF₅

In an alternative synthesis, ClF₃ is the fluorinating agent at 350 °C.^[4]

BiF₃ + ClF₃ → BiF₅ + ClF

Reactions

Bismuth pentafluoride is the most reactive of the pnictogen pentafluorides and is an extremely strong fluorinating agent. It reacts vigorously with water to form ozone and oxygen difluoride, and with iodine or sulfur at room temperature. BiF₅ fluorinates paraffin oil (hydrocarbons) to fluorocarbons above 50 °C and oxidises UF₄ to UF₆ at 150 °C. At 180 °C, bismuth pentafluoride fluorinates Br₂ to BrF₃ and Cl₂ to ClF.^[1]

BiF₅ also reacts with alkali metal fluorides, MF, to form hexafluorobismuthates, M[BiF₆], containing the hexafluorobismuthate anion, [BiF₆]⁻.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 561–563. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, pp. 769–770, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
^ C. Hebecker (1971). "Zur Kristallstruktur von Wismutpentafluorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 384 (2): 111–114. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713840204.
^ A. I. Popov; A. V. Scharabarin; V. F. Sukhoverkhov; N. A. Tchumaevsky (1989). "Synthesis and properties of pentavalent antimony and bismuth fluorides". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 576 (1): 242–254. doi:10.1002/zaac.19895760128.

[G&E-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 561–563. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[H&W-2] Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, pp. 769–770, ISBN 0-12-352651-5

[3] C. Hebecker (1971). "Zur Kristallstruktur von Wismutpentafluorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 384 (2): 111–114. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713840204.

[4] A. I. Popov; A. V. Scharabarin; V. F. Sukhoverkhov; N. A. Tchumaevsky (1989). "Synthesis and properties of pentavalent antimony and bismuth fluorides". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 576 (1): 242–254. doi:10.1002/zaac.19895760128.

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