Tropical cyclones in 2017 Year summary map
First system 06F Formed January 2, 2017 (2017-01-02 ) Last system Ava Dissipated January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09 ) Name Maria Lowest pressure 908 mbar (hPa ); 26.81 inHg Name 19F & Noru Duration 20 days Total systems 146 Named systems 88 Total fatalities 5,645 total Total damage $321.44 billion (2017 USD )
Other years 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , 2019
Three simultaneous hurricanes active on September 8, 2017 – with Katia (left) , Irma (center) , and Jose (right) . All three were threatening land at the time.
During 2017, tropical cyclones formed within seven different tropical cyclone basins , located within various parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. During the year, a total of 146 tropical cyclones had formed this year to date. 88 tropical cyclones had been named by either a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC). The most active basin in the year was the Western Pacific , which documented 27 named systems, the season was a slightly below-average season and the first since 1977 season saw no Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. The Eastern Pacific , despite only amounting to 18 named systems, also was a was significantly less active than the previous three Pacific hurricane seasons (2014 , 2015 and 2016 ). However, the North Atlantic hurricane features 17 named storms, which was costliest tropical cyclone season on record. It also had the fifth-most named storms since reliable records began in 1851 – tied with 1936 – and the most major hurricanes since 2005 . The Australian region season experienced the average number of cyclones reaching tropical storm intensity, numbering 11, respectively. Activity across the southern hemisphere's three basins—South-West Indian , Australian , and South Pacific —was spread evenly, with each region recording seven named storms apiece.
The strongest tropical cyclone was Hurricane Maria with a minimum barometric pressure of 908 mbar (hPa ; 26.81 inHg ). The costliest tropical cyclone of the year was Hurricane Harvey in the Atlantic, which struck Houston metropolitan area in August causing US$ 125 billion in damage, tying with Hurricane Katrina as the costliest tropical cyclone worldwide. The deadliest tropical cyclone of the year was Hurricane Maria in the North Atlantic which killed 3,000 people in Puerto Rico and Dominica .
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
For the majority of the year, the tropics were dominated by neutral El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions, before La Niña conditions set in later in the year.[1] As the year opened, sea surface temperatures anomalies across the central and east-central equatorial Pacific were cooler than average, while the impacts of La Niña lingered within the atmospheric circulation , following an abrupt end to the 2016 La Niña episode. Over the next few months, these anomalies warmed and nearly reached the thresholds needed for an El Niño event to be declared, however, they subsequently cooled throughout the rest of the year and the 2017–18 La Niña event was declared to be underway.
North Atlantic
The map above shows sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico on September 5, 2017
Scientists pointed out that the increase of CO2 emissions contributes to warmer ocean waters and more moist air for rain.[2] Because of sea level rise it is assumed that the storm surge of Hurricane Irma and other storms will cause greater flooding to vulnerable areas.[3] [2] Data collected by NASA showed that ocean surface temperatures in the path of Irma were above 30 °C (86 °F), capable of sustaining a Category 5 hurricane .[4]
Prior to affecting the U.S. mainland, Miami ’s mayor Tomás Regalado noted on Hurricane Irma, "This is the time to talk about climate change. This is the time that the president and the EPA and whoever makes decisions needs to talk about climate change."[5] A day later the head of the EPA, Scott Pruitt said, "..to discuss the cause and effect of these storms, there’s the… place (and time) to do that, it’s not now."[6] Following Irma's landfall, Donald Trump was asked about the connection between hurricanes and climate change, and stated that "We’ve had bigger storms than this."[7] Richard Branson who was directly impacted by hurricane Irma noted, "..hurricanes are the start of things to come. Look, climate change is real. Ninety-nine per cent of scientists know it's real. The whole world knows it's real except for maybe one person in the White House."[8]
United Nations secretary general António Guterres citing the devastation from hurricanes noted in September, "The catastrophic Atlantic hurricane season has been made worse by climate change. Cutting carbon emissions must clearly be part of our response to the disaster. The rise in the surface temperature of the ocean has had an impact on weather patterns and we must do everything possible to bring it down."[9]
The Associated Press looked at the yearly average Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE), which accounts for wind speed and storm duration to assess hurricane power of the past 30 years and found it to be 41 percent higher than the previous 30 years. They asked several experts about their opinion, James Kossin from NOAA “There’s no question that the storms are stronger than they were 30 years ago.” Climate scientist Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , “The only caveat being that the increase might be exaggerated somewhat because of undercounting early storms.” Meteorologist Philip Klotzbach noted, “What’s happening with hurricanes — the frequency, the duration, and the energy — is probably a combination of factors caused by both nature and man, a mish-mosh of everything.”[10] Kerry Emanuel who studies hurricanes, told the BBC, "The warming of the climate has increased the underlying probabilities of very heavy rain events like happened in Harvey and very high category hurricanes like Irma. It is just not sensible to say either storm was caused by climate change, but the underlying probabilities are going up."[11]
Summary
Systems
January
Tropical Low 14U
Tropical cyclones formed in January 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
06F
January 2–6
Unspecified
1002
None
None
None
08U
January 3–7
Unspecified
994
Northern Territory , Western Australia
None
None
09U
January 3–15
Unspecified
1003
Cocos (Keeling) Islands , Christmas Island
None
None
10U
January 7–12
Unspecified
1001
Northern Territory
None
None
11U
January 7–8
Unspecified
1000
Queensland
None
None
01W (Auring)
January 7–16
55 (35)
1002
Philippines , Vietnam , Cambodia
$140 thousand
11
[12] [13]
07F
January 10–20
Unspecified
998
None
None
None
08F
January 10–11
Unspecified
1009
None
None
None
12U
January 18–19
Unspecified
Unspecified
None
None
None
13U
January 21–25
Unspecified
1009
None
None
None
14U
January 23–31
85 (50)
988
Northern Territory, Western Australia
None
None
03
January 27–28
55 (35)
1005
None
None
None
February
Cyclone Dineo
Tropical cyclones formed in February 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Carlos
February 2–10
130 (80)
965
None
None
None
Bising
February 3–7
55 (35)
1000
None
None
None
09F
February 5–11
Unspecified
999
Fiji
None
None
10F
February 7–11
Unspecified
993
Fiji, Vanuatu
None
None
15U
February 7–11
Unspecified
984
Western Australia
Unknown
2
16U
February 9–10
Unspecified
Unspecified
New Caledonia
None
None
11F
February 9–12
Unspecified
1002
Vanuatu, Fiji
None
None
17U
February 11–12
Unspecified
1004
Northern Territory
None
None
Dineo
February 13–17
140 (85)
955
Mozambique , South Africa , Zimbabwe , Botswana , Malawi
$217 million
280
[14] [15] [16]
12F
February 15–24
Unspecified
1002
Fiji
None
None
13F
February 15–18
Unspecified
998
None
None
None
14F
February 16–22
55 (35)
997
Fiji
None
None
18U
February 16–22
Unspecified
Unspecified
None
None
None
Alfred
February 16–22
85 (50)
994
Northern Territory, Queensland
Unknown
Unknown
Bart
February 19–22
75 (45)
994
Southern Cook Islands
None
None
16F
February 23–26
Unspecified
1005
None
None
None
March
Cyclone Enawo
April
Cyclone Ernie
Tropical cyclones formed in April 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
19F
April 1–20
Unspecified
988
Samoa , Niue
None
None
Ernie
April 5–10
220 (140)
922
None
None
None
27U
April 6–16
55 (35)
998
Northern Territory , Western Australia
None
None
Cook
April 6–10
155 (100)
961
Vanuatu , New Caledonia , New Zealand
Moderate
1
[21]
02W (Crising)
April 13–20
55 (35)
1006
Philippines , Taiwan
$1.7 million
10
[22] [23]
Maarutha
April 15–17
75 (45)3
996
Myanmar , Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Thailand , Yunnan
$23.4 thousand
4
[24] [25] [26]
Arlene
April 19–21
85 (50)4
990
None
None
None
Frances
April 21 – May 1
120 (75)
980
New Guinea , Maluku , Northern Territory, Timor , Western Australia
None
None
Muifa (Dante)
April 22–29
65 (40)
1002
None
None
None
Greg
April 29 – May 3
65 (40)
997
None
None
None
May
Cyclone Donna
Tropical cyclones formed in May 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Donna
May 1–10
205 (125)
935
Solomon Islands , Vanuatu , Fiji , New Caledonia , New Zealand
Significant
2
[27]
Ella
May 7–14
110 (70)
977
Samoan Islands, Tonga , Wallis and Futuna
None
None
Adrian
May 9–10
75 (45)4
1004
None
None
None
Mora
May 28–31
110 (70)3
978
Sri Lanka , Andaman and Nicobar Islands , East India , Northeast India , Bangladesh , Myanmar , Bhutan , Tibet
$1.36 billion
135
[28] [29] [30] [31]
Beatriz
May 31 – June 2
75 (45)4
1001
Southwestern Mexico
$3.7 million
7
June
Hurricane Dora
Tropical cyclones formed in June 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Merbok
June 10–13
100 (65)
985
Philippines, South China
$90.8 million
None
Calvin
June 11–13
75 (45)4
1004
Southwestern Mexico, Guatemala
Unknown
None
BOB 03
June 11–13
55 (35)3
988
Northeast India , Bangladesh
$223 million
170
[32]
Bret
June 19–20
85 (50)4
1007
Guyana , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago , Windward Islands
≥$3 million
2
Cindy
June 20–23
95 (60)4
991
Honduras , Belize , Cayman Islands , Yucatán Peninsula , Cuba , Southern United States , Eastern United States
$25 million
2
[33]
Dora
June 25–28
165 (105)4
974
Southwestern Mexico
Minimum
None
TD
June 29 – July 1
Unspecified
1008
Japan
None
None
July
Hurricane Fernanda
Tropical cyclones formed in July 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Nanmadol (Emong)
July 1–4
100 (65)
985
Japan
$1.99 billion
41
[34] [35] [36] [37]
TD
July 4–7
55 (35)
1010
Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands
None
None
Four
July 5–7
45 (30)4
1009
None
None
None
Eugene
July 7–12
185 (115)4
966
Baja California Peninsula , California
None
None
Fernanda
July 12–22
230 (145)4
948
Hawaii
None
None
TD
July 13–16
55 (35)
1006
None
None
None
Talas
July 14–17
95 (60)
985
Hainan , Indochina
$80.1 million
14
[38] [39]
Don
July 17–18
85 (50)4
1005
Windward Islands , Barbados , Trinidad and Tobago
None
None
Eight-E
July 17–20
55 (35)4
1007
None
None
None
Greg
July 17–26
95 (60)4
1000
None
None
None
BOB 04
July 18–19
45 (30)3
992
Orissa , Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh
$34.3 million
7
[40]
Noru
July 19 – August 8
175 (110)
935
Japan
$100 million
2
[41] [42]
Kulap
July 20–28
75 (45)
1002
None
None
None
Hilary
July 21–30
175 (110)4
969
Southwestern Mexico
None
None
Sonca
July 21–29
65 (40)
994
Hainan, Indochina
$306 million
37
[43] [44] [45]
Roke (Fabian)
July 21–23
65 (40)
1002
Philippines, Taiwan, South China
None
None
Irwin
July 22 – August 1
150 (90)4
970
None
None
None
Nesat (Gorio)
July 25–30
150 (90)
960
Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, East China
$281 million
3
[46]
TD
July 25–29
55 (35)
1006
None
None
None
LAND 01
July 26–27
45 (30)3
992
West Bengal , Jharkhand , Madhya Pradesh
$2.19 billion
152
[47] [48]
Haitang (Huaning)
July 27 – August 2
85 (50)
985
Taiwan, East China
$3.77 million
None
Emily
July 30 – August 1
95 (60)4
1001
Florida
$10 million
None
[49]
Nalgae
July 31 – August 5
85 (50)
990
None
None
None
August
Hurricane Harvey
Tropical cyclones formed in August 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Eleven-E
August 4–5
55 (35)4
1006
None
None
None
Franklin
August 7–10
140 (85)4
981
Nicaragua , Honduras , Guatemala , Cayman Islands , Belize , Yucatán Peninsula , Central Mexico
$15 million
None
01U
August 8
35 (25)
1005
None
None
None
Banyan
August 10–17
150 (90)
955
None
None
None
Jova
August 12–14
65 (40)4
955
Western Mexico
None
None
Gert
August 12–17
175 (110)4
962
Bermuda , East Coast of the United States , Atlantic Canada
None
2
Harvey
August 17 – September 1
215 (120)4
937
Barbados , Suriname , Guyana , Windward Islands , Jamaica , Cayman Islands , Nicaragua , Belize , Yucatán Peninsula , Northeastern Mexico , Southern United States (Texas , Louisiana ), Eastern United States
$125 billion
107
Hato (Isang)
August 19–24
140 (85)
965
Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam
$6.4 billion
24
Pakhar (Jolina)
August 24–27
100 (65)
985
Philippines, South China, Vietnam, Thailand
$115 million
13
TD
August 25–26
Unspecified
1002
Vietnam
None
None
Sanvu
August 27 – September 3
150 (90)
955
Mariana Islands , Ogasawara Islands
Unknown
1
TD
August 28–29
55 (35)
1002
Philippines
Unknown
None
Mawar
August 30 – September 4
95 (60)
990
Philippines, South China
$1.53 million
None
Irma
August 30 – September 12
180 (285)4
914
Cape Verde , Leeward Islands (Barbuda , Saint Martin , Saint Barthelemy , U.S. Virgin Islands ), Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Turks and Caicos Islands , The Bahamas , Cuba , Southeastern United States (Florida and Georgia ), Northeastern United States
$64.76 billion
134
Lidia
August 31 – September 3
100 (65)4
986
Western Mexico, Baja California Peninsula, Arizona , California
$36.1 million
20
September
Hurricane Maria
Tropical cyclones formed in September 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Guchol (Kiko)
September 3–7
65 (40)
1000
Philippines , Taiwan , East China
None
None
Jose
September 5–22
250 (155)
938
Leeward Islands , East Coast of the United States
$2.84 million
0 (1)
Katia
September 5–9
165 (105)
972
Eastern Mexico
Unknown
3 (0)
Talim (Lannie)
September 8–17
175 (110)
935
Mariana Islands , Taiwan, East China, Japan
$750 million
5
Doksuri (Maring)
September 10–16
150 (90)
955
Philippines, Hainan , Indochina , Bangladesh
$819 million
45
Otis
September 11–19
185 (115)
965
None
None
None
Max
September 13–15
150 (90)
980
Southern Mexico
$19.8 million
1
Norma
September 14–20
120 (75)
985
Baja California Peninsula
None
None
Lee
September 14–30
185 (115)
962
None
None
None
Maria
September 16–30
280 (175)
908
Lesser Antilles (British Virgin Islands , Dominica , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Saint Croix ), Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Turks and Caicos Islands , The Bahamas , Southeastern United States , Mid-Atlantic States , United Kingdom , Ireland , France , Spain
$91.606 billion
3,057
22W (Nando)
September 23–25
55 (35)
1002
Philippines, South China , Vietnam
Minimal
None
Pilar
September 23–25
85 (50)
1000
Western Mexico
Minimal
None
October
Typhoon Lan
Tropical cyclones formed in October 2017
Storm aame
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Ramon
October 3-4
75 (45)
1002
Southern Mexico
None
None
Nate
October 4-9
150 (90)
981
Central America , Cayman Islands , Cuba , Yucatán Peninsula , Gulf Coast of the United States (Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama ), East Coast of the United States , Atlantic Canada
$787 Million
48
23W
October 7-10
45 (35)
1000
Philippines , Hainan , Indochina
$602 Million
109
LAND 02
October 9-10
45 (35)
996
Bangladesh , West Bengal, Jharkhand , Odisha , Andhra Pradesh
Unknown
7
Ophelia
October 9-16
185 (115)
959
Azores , Portugal , Spain , France , Ireland , United Kingdom , Norway , Sweden , Finland , Estonia , and Russia
> $87.7 million
3
Khanun (Odette)
October 11-16
175 (110)
955
Philippines , Taiwan , South China , Vietnam
$373 million
1
Lan (Paolo)
October 15-23
250 (155)
915
Caroline Islands , Philippines , Japan , South Korea
$2 Billion
17
26W
October 18-19
45 (30)
1002
Philippines
Minimal
14
BOB 05
October 19-22
45 (30)
997
Odisha , West Bengal , Northeastern India , Bangladesh
Unknown
1
Saola (Quedan)
October 22-29
120 (75)
975
Caroline Islands , Japan
$250 Million
None
Selma
October 27-28
65 (40)
1004
El Salvador , Honduras , Nicaragua
Unknown
17
Philippe
October 28-29
65 (40)
1000
Central America , Cayman Islands , Yucatán Peninsula , Cuba , Florida
Minimal
None
29W
October 30-November 7
55 (35)
1004
Vietnam , Cambodia , Thailand , Malaysia
Minimal
7
Damrey (Ramil)
October 31-November 4
165 (105)
970
Philippines , Vietnam , Cambodia , Thailand
$1.03 Billion
151
November
Cyclone Ockhi
Tropical cyclones formed in November 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Rina
November 5-9
95 (60)
991
None
None
None
Haikui (Salome)
November 7-13
75 (45)
998
Philippines , South China , Central Vietnam
$4.26 Million
None
BOB 06
November 15-17
45 (35)
1000
Odisha , West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh
Unknown
20
Kirogi (Tino)
November 16-19
75 (45)
1000
Philippines , Malaysia , Indochina
$10 Million
10
Numa
November 16-20
100 (65)
995
United Kingdom , Ireland , France , Italy , Tunisia , Greece , Turkey
$100 Million
22
Cempaka
November 22-29
65 (40)
998
Central Java , Special Region of Yogyakarta , East Java , Bali , Banten , West Java
$74 Million
41
Dahlia
November 26-December 4
100 (65)
985
Sumatra , Java
None
None
Ockhi
November 29-December 6
185 (115)
976
Sri Lanka , India , Maldives
$920 Million
318
December
Tropical cyclones formed in December 2017
Storm name
Dates active
Max wind km/h (mph)
Min pressure (mbar )
Areas affected
Damage (USD )
Deaths
Refs
Global effects
Season name
Areas affected
Systems formed
Named systems
Damage (USD )
Deaths
2017 Atlantic hurricane season
Guyana , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago , Windward Islands , Honduras , Belize , Cayman Islands , Mexico , Cuba , United States , Barbados , Nicaragua , Bermuda , Suriname , Jamaica , Atlantic Canada , Cape Verde , Leeward Islands , Puerto Rico , Hispaniola , Turks and Caicos , The Bahamas , United Kingdom , Ireland , France , Spain , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Panama , Azores , Portugal , Norway , Sweden , Finland , Estonia , Russia
18
17
≥$294.92 billion
3,364
2017 Mediterranean tropical cyclone season
United Kingdom , Ireland , France , Italy , Tunisia , Greece , Turkey
1
1
$100 million
22
2017 South Atlantic tropical cyclone
Brazil
1
1
$0
None
2017 Pacific hurricane season
Mexico , Guatemala , Baja California Peninsula , California , Arizona , Nicaragua , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Honduras
20
18
$375.28 million
45
2017 Pacific typhoon season 1
Philippines , Vietnam , Cambodia , Malaysia , Taiwan , Japan , China , Ryukyu Islands , Mariana Islands , Bangladesh , Ogasawara Islands , Caroline Islands , Thailand
41
28
$14.3 billion
860
2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Myanmar , Andaman and Nicobar Islands , India , Thailand, Sri Lanka , Maldives , Malaysia, Aceh , China, Bangladesh , Bhutan
10
3
>$3.65 billion
834
2016–17 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 1
Réunion , Mauritius , Mozambique , South Africa , Zimbabwe , Botswana , Malawi , Madagascar , Rodrigues
5
4
$236.5 million
376
2017–18 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2
Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius, Mozambique
2
1
$4.62 million
73
2016–17 Australian region cyclone season 1
Northern Territory , Western Australia , Cocos Islands , Christmas Island , Queensland , New Caledonia , New South Wales , New Zealand , New Guinea , Maluku , Timor
22
8
$2.82 billion
16
2017–18 Australian region cyclone season 2
Java , Sumatra , Indonesia , Western Australia
6
3
$83.6 million
41
2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season 1
Solomon Islands , Vanuatu , Fiji , New Caledonia, New Zealand, Southern Cook Islands , Tonga , Samoa , American Samoa , Wallis and Futuna
17
4
$43 million
3
2017–18 South Pacific cyclone season 2
Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Wallis and Futuna, Samoan Islands , Tonga, Vanuatu, Rotuma
3
0
$285 million
11
Worldwide
(See above)
146
88
> $321,44 billion
5,645
Notes
1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2017 are counted in the seasonal totals.
2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2017 are counted in the seasonal totals. 3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
See also
References
^ Hartfield, Gail; Blunden, Jessica; Arndt, Derek S. (2018). "State of the Climate in 2017" (PDF) . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society . 99 (8): S101–S142. doi :10.1175/2018BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 .
^ a b "Irma and Harvey should kill any doubt that climate change is real" . The Washington Post . September 7, 2017.
^ "Why Hurricane Irma Could Hurt, a Lot: Much Lies in Harm's Way" . The New York Times . September 7, 2017.
^ "Hot water ahead for Hurricane Irma" . NASA Global Climate Change. September 7, 2017.
^ "Miami's mayor on Hurricane Irma: 'If this isn't climate change, I don't know what is' " . Miami Herald. September 8, 2017.
^ "Scott Pruitt says it's not the time to talk climate change. For him, it never is" . The Washington Post . September 9, 2017.
^ "Trump weighs in on climate change: Hey, there have been big hurricanes before" . The Washington Post . September 14, 2017.
^ "Richard Branson criticises Donald Trump after hurricanes: 'Whole world knows climate change is real' " . The Independent. September 20, 2017.
^ "UN secretary general links hurricane devastation to climate change" . Climate Home. September 19, 2017.
^ "Hurricane period ravaging Atlantic is the most active on record" . Global News. October 5, 2017.
^ "Hurricanes: A perfect storm of chance and climate change?" . BBC. September 21, 2017.
^ "Global Catastrophe Recap January 2017" (PDF) . thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com . Aon Benfield. Retrieved February 8, 2017 .
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External links
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This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Weather Service .