Tebipenem

Tebipenem
	Tebipenem pivoxil
Clinical data
Trade names	Orapenem
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	J01DH06 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	Prescription-only in Japan; investigational elsewhere;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (4R,5S,6S)-(Pivaloyloxy)methyl 3-((1-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)thio)-6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate;
CAS Number	161715-24-8 ;
UNII	95AK1A52I8;
KEGG	D09598;
PDB ligand	1TE (PDBe, RCSB PDB);
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00167228 ;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C22H31N3O6S2
Molar mass	497.63 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES [H][C@]12N(C(C(OCOC(C(C)(C)C)=O)=O)=C(SC3CN(C4=NCCS4)C3)[C@@H]2C)C([C@@]1([C@H](O)C)[H])=O;

Tebipenem (brand name Orapenem) is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. It was developed as a replacement drug to combat bacteria that had acquired antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics.^[1]^[2] Tebipenem is formulated as the ester tebipenem pivoxil due to the better absorption and improved bioavailability of this form.^[3] It has performed well in clinical trials for ear infection and looks likely to be further developed in future.^[4] It is only marketed in Japan.^[5] Tebipenem is the first carbapenem whose prodrug form, the pivalyl ester, is orally available.^[6]

References

^ El-Gamal MI, Oh CH (2010). "Current status of carbapenem antibiotics". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (18): 1882–97. doi:10.2174/156802610793176639. PMID 20615191.
^ Fujimoto K, Takemoto K, Hatano K, Nakai T, Terashita S, Matsumoto M, et al. (February 2013). "Novel carbapenem antibiotics for parenteral and oral applications: in vitro and in vivo activities of 2-aryl carbapenems and their pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 57 (2): 697–707. doi:10.1128/AAC.01051-12. PMC 3553697. PMID 23147735.
^ Kato K, Shirasaka Y, Kuraoka E, Kikuchi A, Iguchi M, Suzuki H, et al. (October 2010). "Intestinal absorption mechanism of tebipenem pivoxil, a novel oral carbapenem: involvement of human OATP family in apical membrane transport". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 7 (5): 1747–56. doi:10.1021/mp100130b. PMID 20735088.
^ Sugita R (June 2013). "Good transfer of tebipenem into middle ear effusion conduces to the favorable clinical outcomes of tebipenem pivoxil in pediatric patients with acute otitis media". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 19 (3): 465–71. doi:10.1007/s10156-012-0513-5. PMID 23393013. S2CID 1228827.
^ Rossi S, ed. (7 August 2014). "Tebipenem Pivoxil". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
^ Hazra S, Xu H, Blanchard JS (June 2014). "Tebipenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, is a slow substrate that inhibits the β-lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Biochemistry. 53 (22): 3671–8. doi:10.1021/bi500339j. PMC 4053071. PMID 24846409.

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[1] El-Gamal MI, Oh CH (2010). "Current status of carbapenem antibiotics". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (18): 1882–97. doi:10.2174/156802610793176639. PMID 20615191.

[2] Fujimoto K, Takemoto K, Hatano K, Nakai T, Terashita S, Matsumoto M, et al. (February 2013). "Novel carbapenem antibiotics for parenteral and oral applications: in vitro and in vivo activities of 2-aryl carbapenems and their pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 57 (2): 697–707. doi:10.1128/AAC.01051-12. PMC 3553697. PMID 23147735.

[3] Kato K, Shirasaka Y, Kuraoka E, Kikuchi A, Iguchi M, Suzuki H, et al. (October 2010). "Intestinal absorption mechanism of tebipenem pivoxil, a novel oral carbapenem: involvement of human OATP family in apical membrane transport". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 7 (5): 1747–56. doi:10.1021/mp100130b. PMID 20735088.

[4] Sugita R (June 2013). "Good transfer of tebipenem into middle ear effusion conduces to the favorable clinical outcomes of tebipenem pivoxil in pediatric patients with acute otitis media". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 19 (3): 465–71. doi:10.1007/s10156-012-0513-5. PMID 23393013. S2CID 1228827.

[5] Rossi S, ed. (7 August 2014). "Tebipenem Pivoxil". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

[6] Hazra S, Xu H, Blanchard JS (June 2014). "Tebipenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic, is a slow substrate that inhibits the β-lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Biochemistry. 53 (22): 3671–8. doi:10.1021/bi500339j. PMC 4053071. PMID 24846409.

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