List of state leaders in 1891

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1891.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua III Asamu, Asantehene (1888–1896)
• Kingdom of Benin - Ovonramwen (1888-1897)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
• Kingdom of Dahomey – Béhanzin (1889–1894)
• Ethiopia – Menelik II (1889–1913)
• Futa Jallon - Almany Almadou (1873-1896)
• Kingdom of Kaffa - Gaki Sherocho (1890-1897)
• Liberia – Hilary R. W. Johnson, President of Liberia (1884–1892)
• Mahdist State of Sudan – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1885–1898)
• Merina Kingdom - Ranavalona III (1883-1897)
• Nembe Kingdom - Frederick William Koko Mingi VIII of Nembe (1889-1895)
• Kingdom of Wala -
• Wassoulou Empire – Samori Ture, Emperor (1878–1898)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar – Ali bin Said (1890–1893)
• Oranje Vrystaat – President Francis William Reitz (1889–1896)
• Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek – President Paul Kruger (1883–1902)

Asia

• Aceh Sultanate - Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1875-1903)
• Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
• China (Qing dynasty) - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yamagata Aritomo (1889–1891)
    2. Matsukata Masayoshi (1891–1892)
• Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)
• Rajpipla State - Gambhirsinhji II (1860-1897)
• Siam – Chulalongkorn (1868–1910)

Europe

• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France (1887–1894)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Antoni Moles (1888–1897)
• Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe (1879–1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Count Gyula Szapáry (1890–1892)
• Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - Auguste Beernaert (1884–1894)
• Principality of Bulgaria
  • Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister – Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup (1875–1894)
• French Third Republic –
  • President - Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
  • President of the Council - Charles de Freycinet (1890–1892)
• German Empire –
  • Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor - Leo von Caprivi (1890–1894)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1891
• Kingdom of Greece
  • Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister – Theodoros Deligiannis (1890–1892)
• Kingdom of Italy
  • Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Francesco Crispi (1887–1891)
    2. Marchese di Rudinì (1891–1892)
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  • Monarch – Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch – Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
  • Regent – Emma, Regent (1890–1898)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
    1. Aeneas Mackay (1888–1891)
    2. Gijsbert van Tienhoven (1891–1894)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Abdul Hamid II, Sultan (1876–1909)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch – Carlos I (1889–1908)
  • President of the Council of Ministers - João Crisóstomo (1890–1892)
• Kingdom of Romania
  • Monarch – Carol I (1881–1914)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gheorghe Manu (1889–1891)
    2. Ion Emanuel Florescu (1891)
    3. Lascăr Catargiu (1891–1895)
• Russian Empire – Alexander III (1881–1894)
• Kingdom of Spain –
  • Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister - Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1874–1875, 1875–1879, 1879–1881, 1884–1885, 1890–1892, 1895–1897)
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
  • Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gustaf Åkerhielm (1889–1891)
    2. Erik Gustaf Boström (1891–1900)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada -
  • John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada (1878–1891)
  • John Abbott, Prime Minister of Canada (1891–1892)
• Costa Rica – José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón, President of Costa Rica (1890–1894)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of México (1884–1911)
• Nicaragua -

1. Roberto Sacasa (1889-1891)
2. Ignacio Chávez (1891)
3. Roberto Sacasa (1891-1893)

• United States - Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States (1889–1893)

Oceania

• Kingdom of Hawaii –
  1. Kalākaua (1874–1891)
  2. Liliuokalani (1891–1893)
• Niue – Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
• Samoa – Malietoa Laupepa, Malietoa (1880–1898)
• Tonga –
  • Monarch – George Tupou I, King of Tonga (1845–1893)
  • Prime Minister - Siaosi Tuku'aho (1890–1893)

South America

• Argentina – Carlos Pellegrini, President of Argentina (1890–1892)
• Bolivia – Aniceto Arce, President of Bolivia (1888–1892)
• Brazil –
  1. Deodoro da Fonseca, President of Brazil (1889–1891)
  2. Floriano Peixoto, acting President of Brazil (1891–1894)
• Chile –
  1. José Manuel Balmaceda, President of Chile (1886–1891)
  2. Manuel Baquedano, Chief of Government of Chile (1891)
  3. Jorge Montt, President of the Government Junta of Chile (1891)
  4. Jorge Montt, President of Chile (1891–1896)
• Colombia – Rafael Núñez, President of Colombia (1887–1894)
  • Carlos Holguín Mallarino, acting President of Colombia (1888–1892)
• Ecuador – Antonio Flores Jijón, President of Ecuador (1888–1892)
• Paraguay – Juan Gualberto González, President of Paraguay (1890–1894)
• Peru – Remigio Morales Bermúdez, President of Peru (1890–1894)
• Uruguay – Julio Herrera y Obes, President of Uruguay (1890–1894)
• Venezuela Raimundo Andueza Palacio, President of Venezuela (1890–1892)