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This article is about the Japanese animated film. For the village in Burma, see Ponyo, Lahe. For the language, see Ponyo language.
Ponyo
Ponyo, in a jellyfish of sorts is looking outside. Behind her is three boats sailing in the sea near a cliff. Text below reveals the film's title and the credits.
Japanese theatrical release poster
Directed byHayao Miyazaki
Written byHayao Miyazaki
Based onThe Little Mermaid
by Hans Christian Andersen
Produced byToshio Suzuki
StarringTomoko Yamaguchi
Kazushige Nagashima
Yūki Amami
George Tokoro
Yuria Nara
Hiroki Doi
Rumi Hiiragi
Akiko Yano
Kazuko Yoshiyuki
Tomoko Naraoka
CinematographyAtsushi Okui
Edited byTakeshi Seyama
Music byJoe Hisaishi
Production
company
Distributed byToho
Release date
  • July 19, 2008 (2008-07-19)
Running time
101 minutes[1]
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese
Budget¥3.4 billion
(US$34 million)
Box officeUS$203.2 million[2]

Ponyo (Japanese: 崖の上のポニョ, Hepburn: Gake no Ue no Ponyo, literally "Ponyo on the Cliff")[note 1] is a 2008 Japanese animated fantasy film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, animated by Studio Ghibli for the Nippon Television Network, Dentsu, Hakuhodo DY Media Partners, Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Mitsubishi, and distributed by Toho. The film stars Yuria Nara, Hiroki Doi, Tomoko Yamaguchi, Kazushige Nagashima, Yūki Amami, George Tokoro, Rumi Hiiragi, Akiko Yano, Kazuko Yoshiyuki and Tomoko Naraoka. It is the eighth film Miyazaki directed for Studio Ghibli, and his tenth overall. The film tells the story of Ponyo (Nara), a goldfish who escapes from the ocean and is rescued by a five-year-old human boy, Sōsuke (Doi) after she is washed ashore while trapped in a glass jar. As they bond with each other, the story deals with resolving Ponyo's desire to become a human girl, against the devastating circumstances brought about by her acquisition and use of magic.

The film was originally released in Japan on July 19, 2008 by distributor Toho. It was a major commercial success, with a total gross of over 203 million US dollars worldwide, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing anime film of all time. It was critically acclaimed for its uplifting themes, visual design, and simultaneous appeal towards young children and all audiences.

Plot

Fujimoto, a once-human wizard/scientist, lives underwater along with his daughter, Brunhilde, and her numerous smaller sisters. While she and her siblings are on an outing with their father in his four-flippered submarine, Brunhilde sneaks off and floats away on the back of a jellyfish. After an encounter with a fishing trawler, she becomes trapped in a glass jar and drifts to the shore of a small fishing town where she is rescued by a five-year-old boy named Sōsuke. Shattering the jar with a rock, Sōsuke cuts his finger in the process. Brunhilde licks his wound causing it to heal almost instantly. Sōsuke names her Ponyo and promises to protect her. Meanwhile, a distraught Fujimoto searches frantically for his lost daughter whom he believes to have been kidnapped. He calls his wave spirits to recover her, leaving Sōsuke heartbroken and confused by what happened.

Ponyo and Fujimoto have an argument, during which Ponyo refuses to let her father call her by her birth name. She declares her desire to be known as 'Ponyo' and to become human. Using her magic, she forces herself to grow leg- and arm-like appendages and start changing into a human, a power granted to her by the human blood she ingested when she licked Sōsuke's finger. Her alarmed father forces her to change back into her true form and leaves to summon Ponyo's mother, Gran Mamare. Meanwhile, Ponyo, with the help of her sisters, breaks away from her father and inadvertently uses his magic to make herself fully human. The huge amount of magic that she releases into the ocean causes an imbalance in the world, resulting in a tsunami, leaving ships stranded at sea. Ponyo goes back to Sōsuke, who is amazed and overjoyed to see her. He tells his mother, Lisa, that Ponyo has returned as a little girl. Lisa allows Ponyo to stay at their house for the time being, and they wait out the storm together at Sōsuke's house. Worried about the residents of the nursing home where she works, Lisa leaves to check up on them, promising Sōsuke that she will return home as soon as possible.

Gran Mamare arrives at Fujimoto's submarine. Sōsuke's father, Kōichi, sees her traveling and recognizes her as the Goddess of Mercy. Fujimoto notices the moon appears to be falling out of its orbit and satellites are falling like shooting stars, symptoms of the dangerous imbalance of nature that now exists. Gran Mamare declares that if Sōsuke can pass a test, Ponyo can live as a human and that the order of the world will be restored. A still-worried Fujimoto reminds her that if Sōsuke fails the test, Ponyo will turn into sea foam.

Sōsuke and Ponyo wake up to find that most of the land around the house has been covered by the ocean. Since it is impossible for Lisa to come home, the two children decide to find her. With the help of Ponyo's magic, they make Sōsuke's toy pop pop boat life-size and set out across the swollen ocean.

When Ponyo and Sōsuke make it to the forest, however, Ponyo tires and falls asleep only to be woken by Sōsuke, who implores her to ignite a second candle as the one powering their boat is about to go out. Ponyo then dozes off multiple times before concentrating enough to make the candle, which then goes out. She then passes out, and Sōsuke has to push the boat to shore, only to find that the boat is reverting to its toy size. Sōsuke drags Ponyo to the shore, where he finds Lisa's abandoned car. Ponyo then wakes up, and the two decide to continue looking for her.

Ponyo and Sōsuke head into a tunnel, where Ponyo mysteriously reverts to her fish form. Meanwhile, Lisa and the residents of the nursing home, who are temporarily able to breathe water because of Gran Mamare, are waiting excitedly below the surface for Ponyo and Sōsuke to arrive. Sōsuke and Ponyo encounter Fujimoto, who warns the boy that the balance of nature is in danger and begs Sosuke to return Ponyo to him. Sōsuke doubts Fujimoto and attempts to flee, but the two children are quickly captured and Fujimoto takes them down to the protected nursing home.

Sōsuke is reunited with Lisa and meets Gran Mamare, with whom Lisa has just had a long private conversation. Gran Mamare asks Sōsuke if he can love Ponyo whether she is a fish or human. Sōsuke replies that he "loves all the Ponyos." Gran Mamare then tells her daughter that if she chooses to become human once and for all, she will have to give up her magical powers. Ponyo agrees to this, so Gran Mamare encases her in a bubble and gives her to Sōsuke. She tells him that kissing the bubble will complete Ponyo's transformation. The balance of nature is thus restored and the previously stranded ships head back to port. Fujimoto respects his daughter's choice to become a human, having decided he can trust Sōsuke. Ponyo then joyfully jumps high in the air and kisses Sōsuke, completing her transformation as a human.

Cast

Character name Japanese voice actor[5] English dubbing actor[6]
Ponyo (ポニョ) Yuria Nara Noah Cyrus
Sōsuke (宗介) Hiroki Doi Frankie Jonas
Lisa (リサ) Tomoko Yamaguchi Tina Fey
Kōichi (耕一) Kazushige Nagashima Matt Damon
Gran Mamare (グランマンマーレ) Yūki Amami Cate Blanchett
Fujimoto (フジモト) George Tokoro Liam Neeson
Young Mother Rumi Hiiragi Mona Marshall
Ponyo's sisters (ポニョの妹達) Akiko Yano
Toki (トキ) Kazuko Yoshiyuki Lily Tomlin
Yoshie (ヨシエ) Tomoko Naraoka Betty White
Kayo (カヨ, Cayo) Tokie Hidari Cloris Leachman

The cast also includes Nippon Television announcer Shinichi Hatori as The Announcer, a television news reporter who relays information about the hurricane; he is voiced by Kurt Knutsson in Disney's English adaptation. Emi Hiraoka and Nozomi Ōhashi voice Kumiko and Karen, attendants of Himawari Nursery School; their respective English voice actresses are Jennessa Rose and Colleen O'Shaughnessey, who are also credited.

Production

The setting for Ponyo was inspired by the real-life town Tomonoura in Japan.

Hayao Miyazaki, the film's director and writer, was prompted to create Ponyo after producer Toshio Suzuki suggested he make a film aimed at children, noting the success of Howl's Moving Castle (2004).[7] The film would be created from a mixture of real-world and fictional influences, combined with a desire to implement new art and animation approaches developed by other Studio Ghibli staff in a feature length film.[8] In 2004 and 2005, Miyazaki spent time in Tomonoura, a seaside town in Setonaikai National Park, where he familiarised himself with its community and environment. His experience in Tomonoura established the kind of setting he wanted for his next film.[9][10] During his time there, he read the complete works of Natsume Sōseki. He took particular interest in The Gate, a book involving a character named Sōsuke who lived at the bottom of a cliff. This provided him more concrete ideas for characters and settings.[11] Initially, Miyazaki solely considered the concept of a film that would depict a stormy sea with "waves higher than the house on a hillside". He later created the character Ponyo, a name he thought of as an onomatopoeia of what "soft, squishy softness" feels like when touched.[12] Miyazaki recalled that as a nine-year-old he borrowed a copy of Hans Christian Andersen's "The Little Mermaid" from his neighbour, and that while he was reading it he had difficulty accepting its premise that its protagonist did not have a soul.[13]

When preparing pre-production materials, Miyazaki hit a creative block before visiting the Tate Britain art museum, where he found himself startled by an 1852 painting named Ophelia and its attention to detail. He remarked, "I thought, my work is shoddy compared to those artists. I was just astonished. At that point, it became clear to me. Our animation style could not go on as before."[14] At the time Katsuya Kondō, Miyazaki's colleague, had been the animation director of House Hunting (2006), a 12 minute short film made for screening at the Ghibli Museum.[15] The short used solid and simple lines, and largely used hand-drawn animation. During the production of the short, Kondō had discussed the possibility of producing a feature length film like this. Kondō accepted an offer to work on the next Studio Ghibli feature film soon after completing the short, identifying an opportunity to progress the ideas behind House Hunting with more consideration to story.[16]

Production of Ponyo began in May 2006. Kondō was given the role of animation supervisor, and worked closely with Miyazaki in outlining a set of goals that defined the direction of the project, including the use of traditional animation throughout production.[8] Borrowing from Kondō's experience in animating House Hunting, Ponyo would use solid and simple lines; in isolating basic animation elements, the film would aim to demonstrate the advantages of hand drawn animation through the depiction of motion that cannot be reproduced in any other medium.[8][16] An example of the simple style is when Miyazaki painted a picture of Ponyo riding on a flock of fish, called "Ponyo is Here", which was inspired by him listening to Ride of the Valkyries while writing a letter to his staff about going with a more elemental style. This would later become a scene in the film.[17] In normal productions, animating a sailing ship would usually involve drawing one cel and sliding it across the frame, which would fix it in a predefined perspective and direction. Miyazaki, however, wanted the ships that appeared in Ponyo to be drawn frame-by-frame.[18] A few previous Studio Ghibli films used computer-generated imagery (CGI), the earliest being Princess Mononoke (1997).[19] For the production of Ponyo however, the computer graphics section at the studio was closed to prioritize hand-drawn animation.[20]

Some elements of the film was inspired by Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre.[21] The music also makes reference to Wagner's opera. The character of Sōsuke is based on Miyazaki's son Gorō Miyazaki when he was five.[22] The name of the ship on which Sōsuke's father works is Koganei Maru, a reference to Studio Ghibli's location in Koganei, Tokyo.[23] Maru (丸) is a common ending for ship names.

Miyazaki wanted his next film to be Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea 2, but producer Toshio Suzuki convinced him to make The Wind Rises instead.[24]

Distribution

Japan

The film was released by Toho on July 19, 2008, in theatres across Japan on 481 screens—a record for a domestic film.[25][26][27][28] As it had beaten Pokémon: Giratina and the Sky Warrior (which had opened on the same day). It grossed ¥10 billion ($91 million) in its first month of release,[29] and a total of ¥15.0 billion ($153.1 million) as of November 9, 2008.[30][31]

Tokyo Anime Fair chose Ponyo as Animation of the Year of 2008, as revealed in a press release by Anime News Network.

International

File:Poster ponyo us.jpg
American poster for Ponyo

Ponyo was released in the U.S. and Canada on August 14, 2009 by Walt Disney Pictures and The Kennedy/Marshall Company, opening at a wide release at 927 theaters across America, which is by far the widest release for a Studio Ghibli film ever in the U.S, as compared to other Miyazaki films (Spirited Away opened in 26 theaters, Howl's Moving Castle opened in 36 theaters, and Princess Mononoke opened in 38 theaters).[32]

The film's English dub was directed by John Lasseter, Brad Lewis and Peter Sohn of Pixar and produced by Frank Marshall, Hayao Miyazaki, John Lasseter, Steve Alpert, and Kathleen Kennedy; the English script was written by Melissa Mathison.[33][34]

In July 2009, there were multiple pre-screenings of the film in California. Miyazaki traveled to America to promote this film by speaking at the University of California, Berkeley and the San Diego Comic-Con.[35]

GKIDS re-issued the film on Blu-ray and DVD on October 17, 2017 under a new deal with Studio Ghibli.[36]

Ponyo was released in Southeast Asia on January 1, 2009.[4]

The film was re-released from March 25 to 28, 2018 for its 10th anniversary.

Reception

Box office

On its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, it made $3,585,852 on 927 screens, which is a per screen average of $3,868.[2] It also opened at number nine at the United States and Canada box office.[2] The film made a total of $15,743,471 in the United States and Canada and $187,461,411 in other countries for a worldwide total of $203,204,882.[2] It was released on DVD and Blu-ray, as well as a DVD/Plush Toy pack, on March 2, 2010.

Critical response

Ponyo has received widespread acclaim from film critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% "Certified Fresh", based on 167 reviews with an average score of 7.61/10, stating "While not Miyazaki's best film, Ponyo is a visually stunning fairy tale that's a sweetly poetic treat for children and Miyazaki fans of all ages."[37] Metacritic reported a Metascore of 86 based on 29 reviews, signifying "universal acclaim".[38]

The Japan Times gave the film four out of five stars, and praised the film's simple thematic elements and its visual scheme, and compared the film to Miyazaki's classic animation My Neighbor Totoro.[39]

Anime Diet cited the quality of the translation, noting, "The story and the core of the film was communicated more than adequately through the professional dub and it did not get in the way of the sheer delight and joy that Miyazaki wanted to convey." Citing "slight pacing problems," it gave Ponyo a rating of 88%.[40]

Critics at the Venice International Film Festival generally had high praise.[41][42] Wendy Ide of The Times said Ponyo "is as chaotic and exuberant as a story told by a hyperactive toddler," and gave it 4 stars out of 5.[43] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a full four stars, the highest rank on his review scale, stating that, "There is a word to describe Ponyo, and that word is magical. This poetic, visually breathtaking work by the greatest of all animators has such deep charm that adults and children will both be touched. It's wonderful and never even seems to try: It unfolds fantastically."[44]

Awards

Year Award Category Recipient Result
2009 Japan Academy Film Prize Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year Ponyo Won[45]

The film was rated #2 on Dentsu's list of "2008 Hit Products in Japan", after the Wii console.[46]

Ponyo was an entrant in the 65th Venice International Film Festival.[47] It received a special mention in the Bologna Future Film Festival, for "the high artistic and expressive quality of animation able to give form to wonderful imagination of the worldwide cinema master".[48]

In 2009, Ponyo won five awards at the 8th annual Tokyo Anime Awards. The awards included "Anime of the year" and "Best domestic feature". Miyazaki received the award for best director and best original story, and Noboru Yoshida received the award for best art direction.[49]

The film won the awards for Animation of the Year and Outstanding Achievement in Music at the 32nd Japan Academy Prize.

Soundtrack

Nozomi Ōhashi, January 2009, who also voices Kumiko and Karen in the original Japanese version.

Ponyo's eponymous theme song, "Gake no Ue no Ponyo", was released ahead of the film on December 5, 2007, performed by Fujioka Fujimaki (a duo consisting of Takaaki Fujioka and Naoya Fujimaki who are known for their underground band Marichans from the 1970s) and eight-year-old Nozomi Ōhashi.[50] It entered the top 100 on the Oricon Weekly Charts on July 14, then rose to 24th on (July 21), then 6th on (July 28), and after the release of the film it ranked 3rd (August 4).[51] By the end of 2008, it was ranked as the 14th highest selling single on the Oricon Yearly Charts. Ōhashi was also the youngest participant in the 59th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen, beating Cute's Mai Hagiwara's record at age 11. Afterward, Ōhashi announced her unit with Fujioka Fujimaki was disbanding.[52]

An English-translated pop version of the theme was recorded by Frankie Jonas and Noah Cyrus, the voices of Sōsuke and Ponyo in the North American dub, to tie in with the film's English release. The theme plays over the second half of the English version's closing credits; the first half is merely a translated version of the theme rather than remix.[citation needed]

The film score of Ponyo was composed by Joe Hisaishi, Miyazaki's regular collaborator. The score album, published on compact disc in Japan by Tokuma Japan Communications,[53] in South Korea by Pony Canyon Korea[54] and throughout Europe by Germany-based label Colosseum,[55] received a great deal of press in the West, including positive reviews from several veteran film music reviewers.[53][56]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Early press information gave the English title of the film as Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea[3][4]

Citations

  1. ^ "Ponyo (2008)". British Board of Film Classification. 2 February 2010. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d "Ponyo (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  3. ^ "Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea" (Press release). 2008.
  4. ^ a b http://encorefilms.com/ponyo
  5. ^ 映画「崖の上のポニョ」公式サイト - 作品のクレジット (in Japanese). Studio Ghibli. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
  6. ^ "Ponyo". Walt Disney Studios. Archived from the original on June 2, 2009.
  7. ^ Tsuchiya 2008, 26:30.
  8. ^ a b c Ghibli 2009, p. 16.
  9. ^ Arakawa 2009, 35:50.
  10. ^ 宮崎駿監督最新作「崖の上のポニョ」イラスト独占入手 (in Japanese). 報知新聞. March 6, 2008. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
  11. ^ Tsuchiya 2008, 13:40.
  12. ^ Prokopy, Steve (August 3, 2009). "Comic-Con '09: Capone Chats With The Mighty Hayao Miyazaki about his Latest, PONYO!!". Ain't It Cool News. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
  13. ^ Kanazawa 2008, 00:10.
  14. ^ Arakawa 2009.
  15. ^ "House Hunting (movie)". Anime News Network. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
  16. ^ a b Ghibli 2009, p. 19.
  17. ^ Arakawa 2009, 22:10-24:05 ; 25:12-27:59.
  18. ^ Ghibli 2009, p. 23.
  19. ^ Tsuchiya 2008, 08:20.
  20. ^ Desowitz, Bill (August 7, 2009). "Character Designer Katsuya Kondo Talks 'Ponyo'". Animation World Network. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
  21. ^ 崖の上のポニョ公式サイト キーワード (in Japanese). Studio Ghibli. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
  22. ^ "The Ultimate Ghibli Collection Site—NEWS & UPDATES". GhibliWorld.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  23. ^ スタジオジブリ 会社情報 (in Japanese). STUDIO GHIBLI, Inc. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  24. ^ "Producer: Miyazaki Wanted to Make 'Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea II' Instead of The Wind Rises". Anime News Network. March 1, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
  25. ^ "Animator Miyazaki's new film hits screens in Japan". AFP. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
  26. ^ "'Ponyo' a taste of magic". Daily Yomiuri Online. Archived from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2008.
  27. ^ "『崖の上のポニョ』"千尋超え"目指し順風な船出". Variety Japan. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
  28. ^ ""Ponyo" opening leaves room for debate". Variety Asia. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
  29. ^ 「崖の上のポニョ」観客動員、４１日間で１０００万人突破 (in Japanese). Yomiuri Online. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  30. ^ "boxofficemojo". boxofficemojo. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  31. ^ "'Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea' brings in 15 billion yen during opening weekend". Japan News Review. Archived from the original on July 28, 2008.
  32. ^ "Miyazaki's Ponyo Brings in US$1.2 Million on Friday". Anime News Network. August 15, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  33. ^ "Ponyo Dated for August 14 in U.S. Theaters". Ghibli's. March 24, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2009.
  34. ^ Disney picks up Ponyo for an August Release
  35. ^ Cieply, Michael. "Hayao Miyazaki, Anime Master, to Visit San Diego Comic-Con - NYTimes.com". Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  36. ^ Carolyn Giardina (July 17, 2017). "Gkids, Studio Ghibli Ink Home Entertainment Deal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  37. ^ "Ponyo (2009)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  38. ^ "Ponyo". Metacritic. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  39. ^ "It's kids' play for anime king". The Japan Times. July 11, 2008. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  40. ^ "Review: Ponyo Dub, 88%". Anime Diet. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  41. ^ "Ponyo on Cliff by the sea - Recensioni dalla Critica - Trovacinema - Repubblica". La Repubblica (in Italian). Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  42. ^ "65ª Mostra internazionale del Cinema" (in Italian). Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
  43. ^ Wendy Ide (September 1, 2008). "Ponyo On The Cliff By The Sea". The Times. London. Retrieved September 1, 2008.
  44. ^ Roger Ebert. "Ponyo On The Cliff By The Sea". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
  45. ^ "Ponyo, DMC Won Japan Academy Awards on Friday". Anime News Network. February 23, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  46. ^ "This year's Big in Japan: consumers rank 2008's attention-grabbing products". mdn.mainichi.jp. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
  47. ^ David Gritten Published: 12:01AM BST August 31, 2008 (August 31, 2008). "telegraph". London: telegraph. Retrieved May 20, 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ "Future Film Festival Digital Award at 65th Venice Film Festival". Future Film Festival. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  49. ^ 'Ponyo' tops anime awards, Schilling, Mark, Variety (February 20, 2009)
  50. ^ "October 8, 2007 Radio Ghibli, "Ponyo" Theme Song". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  51. ^ ポニョ主題歌、ジブリ曲で歴代最高3位＆「ツトム君」以来約32年ぶり快挙 (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
  52. ^ "Nozomi Ōhashi shines as little star of 59th Red and White Singing Contest". Japan Today. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
  53. ^ a b "Movie Music UK: Ponyo on the Cliff". Moviemusicuk.us. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  54. ^ "Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea OST (Korea Version)". YesAsia.com. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  55. ^ "Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea CAS 8508.2". Colosseum Music Entertainment. February 2, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  56. ^ "Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea". Filmtracks. July 22, 2008. Retrieved May 20, 2010.

Bibliography

  • Studio Ghibli (2009). The Art of Ponyo. Viz Media. ISBN 978-1-4215-3064-2.
  • Arakawa, Kaku (2019). "Ponyo Is Here". 10 Years With Hayao Miyazaki. Episode 1. NHK.
  • Tsuchiya, Toshio (2008). "Interview with Toshio Suzuki" special feature. Ponyo (Blu-ray). StudioCanal. Nippon TV "Dai2" interview on May 21, 2008.
  • Kanazawa, Makoto (2008). "Interview with Hayao Miyazaki" special feature. Ponyo (Blu-ray). StudioCanal. Interview on June 30, 2008.

Further reading

Wikiquote has quotations related to Ponyo.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ponyo.
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