William Fox (pirate)
William Fox[1] (fl. 1718–1723) was a pirate active in the Caribbean and off the African coast. He was indirectly associated with a number of more prominent pirates such as Bartholomew Roberts, Edward England, and Richard Taylor.
History
Fox's early career is not recorded. He was among a large number of pirates (including Benjamin Hornigold, Paulsgrave Williams, Francis Leslie, Richard Noland, and more) who accepted King George's 1717 offer of pardon to all pirates who gave themselves up within a year. He did so at New Providence in the Bahamas, possibly surrendering to Captain Pearse of HMS Phoenix, who had sailed to the Caribbean to deliver news of the pardon.[2]
By July 1720 he had returned to piracy, joining up with Daniel Porter to embark a fresh crew. They sailed under the pretense of a privateering commission from Governor Robert Hunter of New York. Governor Woodes Rogers of the Bahamas wrote, "…Capts. Porter and Fox has left us since wth. about 60 men and I hear are gone under a coppy of a New York Commission from Govr. Hunter … I wish they may do no mischief for they began very suspiciously by lying near us and stealing as many men as they could from the shore yt. were not permitted to depart these Islands."[3] Within a year they had attacked both ships and plantations in the area and had attracted another pirate named Miller to their flotilla. Captain Edward Vernon was stationed in the vicinity at the time; frustrated at the growing pirate presence, he wrote of them, "Their names are Porter and Fox, who were formerly pirates that surrendered themselves at Providence and took the benefit of the King's last pardon but are now returned to their old courses, and I verily believe such rogues are never to be reclaimed but by a halter."[4]
The next appearance of Fox is aboard the former East Indiaman Cassandra, which had been captured in the Indian Ocean by Edward England. After England was deposed from his command it was captained by Olivier Levasseur, who then traded it to England's associate Richard Taylor.[5] Fox may have crossed the Atlantic with Porter and joined them on the return trip: Porter was known to be in the vicinity at the time, meeting with Bartholomew Roberts alongside fellow pirate Richard Tookerman.[6] Taylor, Fox, and others had sailed back to the Caribbean and petitioned the English for a pardon but had been marked as pirates; they were rebuffed and were refused permission to land or trade. Instead they surrendered Cassandra to the Spanish in Panama in 1723 in exchange for a pardon.[7]
Fox’s further activities are not known. Other English Captains who’d sided with the Spanish (including Richard Noland, who’d taken the King's Pardon on New Providence alongside Fox) were known to have continued to sail as guarda costa privateers in Spanish service.[8]
See also
- George Bond, Philip Fitzgerald, and John Bear – three other English captains who, like Noland, sailed in Spanish service.
References
- ^ First name uncertain. Initially referred to only as "Fox;" later references to "Wm. Fox" presumed to be the same individual.
- ^ Woodard, Colin (2008). The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Orlando FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0547415758.
- ^ Headlam, Cecil (1933). America and West Indies: July 1720 | British History Online (Vol 32 ed.). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 60–76. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ Headlam, Cecil (1933). America and West Indies: June 1721, 1–15 | British History Online (Vol 32 ed.). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 329–346. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ Fox, E. T. (2014). Pirates In Their Own Words. Raleigh NC: Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN 9781291945218. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ Gosse, Philip (1924). The Pirates' Who's Who by Philip Gosse. New York: Burt Franklin. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ Headlam, Cecil (1936). America and West Indies: March 1724, 1–10 | British History Online (Vol 34 ed.). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 37–56. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ Marley, David (2010). Pirates of the Americas. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 726. ISBN 9781598842012. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
