AKR1B1

AKR1B1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2PDQ, 1IEI, 2ACQ, 2FZB, 2IKH, 2PDH, 3LD5, 2IQ0, 1T40, 2PDG, 2PDB, 3GHR, 2NVD, 2PD5, 2PDU, 3M4H, 4GCA, 2PDX, 2I17, 1US0, 1AZ1, 2R24, 3M64, 1MAR, 3ONC, 1Z3N, 3ONB, 2ACR, 2DUZ, 2DUX, 2HVO, 2FZ8, 4PUW, 4XZH, 4QBX, 4JIR, 2PD9, 3LQL, 1ABN, 2PDW, 4PR4, 2PDI, 3LEP, 2PDJ, 4PUU, 2DV0, 3LEN, 3G5E, 1EF3, 4LB3, 2PDC, 3LBO, 2PDP, 2FZD, 4NKC, 2PZN, 2ISF, 3RX4, 2PDL, 3Q65, 4PRT, 4Q7B, 4QX4, 2FZ9, 2IKJ, 2J8T, 4IGS, 2IS7, 3V35, 1Z8A, 1XGD, 3T42, 2QXW, 4QR6, 1X96, 4RPQ, 2HV5, 2NVC, 2F2K, 3BCJ, 3LZ3, 3V36, 2PDK, 3GHU, 3GHS, 2ACU, 2PDM, 4LAZ, 1T41, 2IKG, 3MB9, 2PDF, 4PRR, 2PDN, 3LQG, 4XZI, 3LZ5, 2AGT, 3S3G, 1PWL, 3M0I, 2PF8, 3RX2, 2IPW, 3MC5, 3DN5, 4QXI, 2HVN, 2INZ, 1X97, 2PDY, 3RX3, 1PWM, 4LBR, 3Q67, 4LAU, 1Z89, 2IKI, 3P2V, 1X98, 1AZ2, 2PFH, 3U2C, 2ACS, 3GHT, 4LB4, 2INE, 1EL3, 2I16, 2IQD, 2PEV, 4LBS, 1ADS, 4YU1, 4YS1
Identifiers
Aliases	AKR1B1, ADR, ALDR1, ALR2, AR, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B
External IDs	OMIM: 103880; MGI: 1353494; HomoloGene: 133743; GeneCards: AKR1B1; OMA:AKR1B1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	134,459,284 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	34,294,413 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right adrenal cortex; ; left adrenal gland; ; left adrenal cortex; ; olfactory bulb; ; spinal ganglia; ; seminal vesicula; ; apex of heart; ; Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; gastrocnemius muscle;
	Top expressed in
	urinary bladder; ; primary oocyte; ; secondary oocyte; ; zygote; ; adrenal gland; ; quadriceps femoris muscle; ; spermatocyte; ; muscle tissue; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; right kidney;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity; electron transfer activity; oxidoreductase activity; glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity; alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase activity; alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity; retinal dehydrogenase activity; allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity; NADP-retinol dehydrogenase activity;
Cellular component	mast cell granule; Schwann cell microvillus; Schmidt-Lanterman incisure; nucleoplasm; plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; paranodal junction; extracellular exosome; extracellular space; cytoplasm; cytosol;
Biological process	stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade; cellular response to peptide; daunorubicin metabolic process; doxorubicin metabolic process; maternal process involved in female pregnancy; monosaccharide metabolic process; norepinephrine metabolic process; fructose biosynthetic process; response to thyroid hormone; response to stress; response to water deprivation; cellular response to methylglyoxal; response to organic substance; C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process; tissue homeostasis; inner medullary collecting duct development; positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; cellular response to hydrogen peroxide; sorbitol biosynthetic process; renal water homeostasis; regulation of urine volume; negative regulation of apoptotic process; renal system development; carbohydrate metabolic process; electron transport chain; cellular hyperosmotic salinity response; retinoid metabolic process; metanephric collecting duct development; retinol metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	231
	11677
	ENSG00000085662
	ENSMUSG00000001642
	P15121
	P45376
	NM_001628; NM_001346142
	NM_009658
	NP_001333071; NP_001619
	NP_033788
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase), also known as AR, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1B1 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This member catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol.^[6]

Gene

There are a few putative pseudogenes for this gene, and one of them has been confirmed and mapped to chromosome 3.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085662 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001642 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Graham A, Heath P, Morten JE, Markham AF (March 1991). "The human aldose reductase gene maps to chromosome region 7q35". Hum. Genet. 86 (5): 509–14. doi:10.1007/BF00194644. PMID 1901827.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: AKR1B1 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)".

External links

Human AKR1B1 genome location and AKR1B1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Human AR genome location and AR gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

v t e Oxidoreductases: alcohol oxidoreductases (EC 1.1)
1.1.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase Aldo-keto reductase 1A1 1B1 1B10 1C1 1C3 1C4 7A2 Aldose reductase Beta-Ketoacyl ACP reductase Carbohydrate dehydrogenases Carnitine dehydrogenase D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) DXP reductoisomerase Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase HMG-CoA reductase IMP dehydrogenase Isocitrate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase L-threonine dehydrogenase L-xylulose reductase Malate dehydrogenase Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase Sorbitol dehydrogenase Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: 3β 3β-HSD NSDHL 11β 11β-HSD1 11β-HSD2 17β
1.1.2: cytochrome acceptor	D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
1.1.3: oxygen acceptor	Glucose oxidase L-gulonolactone oxidase Xanthine oxidase Alcohol oxidase
1.1.4: disulfide as acceptor	Vitamin K epoxide reductase Vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive)
1.1.5: quinone/similar acceptor	Malate dehydrogenase (quinone) Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
1.1.99: other acceptors	Choline dehydrogenase L2HGDH

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Function

Gene

References

External links

Further reading