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Alexander

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Alexander
Gender: Male
Origin: Greek
Meaning: "Protector of man"

Alexander is a common male first name. It also occurs, less frequently, as a surname.

Origin

The name in English is taken from the Latin "Alexander," which is a Romanization of the original Greek nominative Aλέξανδρος (Alexandros). The genitive form in Greek is Alexandrou.

Etymologically, the name derives from alex-, the compound-form of alexis (from the Proto-Indo-European [PIE] *alek-), meaning "refuge, protection, defence," together with -andros, the compound form of anēr (genitive andros), the Greek word for "man." Thus it may be roughly translated as "protector of man." The term is either a rare type of "inverse tatpurusha" compound, with the modifier in second position (the cognate Sanskrit tatpurusha being *nararakṣa, cf. Ramayana 6.33.45; the exact Sanskrit counterpart would be *rakṣinara, from PIE hleks(i)-hnros), or a worn-down terpsimbrotos type compound, whose original verbal meaning was "he protects men".

The earliest attested record of the name is the Mycenaean of the feminine Alexandra, written in Linear B [1] (The Mycenaean World, by John Chadwick, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976, 1999). Another early reference to the name may be that to Alaksandu in the 13th century BC.

The name was one of the titles ("epithets") given to the Greek goddess Hera and as such is usually taken to mean "one who comes to the aid of warriors." In the Iliad, the character Paris is known also as Alexander. The name's popularity was spread throughout the Hellenistic world by the military conquests of King Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as "Alexander the Great" (Μέγας Αλέξανδρος).

Variants and diminutives

  • Albanian - Aleksandri, Aleksandër, Lekë, Skënder, Skender, Aleks, Sandër
  • Amharic - Eskender
  • Arabic - Iskandar, Skandar, Skender
  • Belarusian - Аляксандp(Aliaksandr), Алeсь (Ales'), Алелька(Alyel'ka)
  • Bosnian - Aleksandar, Aco, Saša, Aleksa, Sandro
  • Bulgarian - Алeксандъp (Aleksander), Сашо (Sasho)
  • Catalan - Alexandre, Àlex, Xandre
  • Croatian - Aleksandar, Aco, Acika, Saša, Sale
  • Danish - Aleksander, Alexander
  • Dutch - Alexander, Alexandra, Alex, Alexia, Lex, Sander, Sanne, Sandra, Xander
  • English - Alexander, Alec, Alex, Lex, Xander, Sandy, Andy, Alexis, Alexa, Alexandria, Alexandra, Sandra, Al, Sasha, Ali, Lexxi, Zander, Xander, Sashi
  • Estonian - Aleksander, Sander
  • Finnish - Aleksanteri, Aleksi, Santeri
  • French - Alexandre, Alexis, Alex
  • Galician - Alexandre, Álex
  • German - Alexander (short: Alex, Ali, Akki)
  • Greek - Αλέξανδρος (Alexandros), Alexis, Alekos/Aleka, Aki
  • Hebrew - אלכסנדר (Alexander)
  • Hindi - Hindustani - Sikandar
  • Hungarian - Sándor
  • Icelandic - Alexander
  • Italian - Alessandro, Leandro, Ale, Sandro, Alessio
  • Kazakh - Ескендiр
  • Lithuanian - Aleksandras
  • Malay - Iskandar
  • Maltese - Lixandru
  • Norwegian - Alexander, Aleksander
  • Persian - Eskandar
  • Polish - Aleks, Aleksander, Olek
  • Portuguese - Alexandre, Alexandro (rare), Alexandra, Xana (feminine), Xano, Alex, Xande, Xanocas
  • Romanian - Alexandru, Alec, Alex, Alle, Alecu, Sandu
  • Russian - Александp (Aleksandr), Алик (Alik), Саша (Sasha), Саня (Sanja), Санёк (Sanjok), Шура (Shura), Шурик (Shurik)
  • Sanskrit language - Alekchendra
  • Scots Gaelic - Alasdair, Alastair, Alistair
  • Serbian - Александар, Аца, Саша, Алексa - Aleksandar, Aca, Saša, Aleksa
  • Slovenian - Aleš, Sandi, Sanja, Sandra, Saša, Sašo
  • Spanish - Alejandro, Ale, Alejo
  • Swedish - Alexander
  • Turkish - İskender
  • Ukrainian - Олександр (Oleksandr), Сашко (Sashko), Олелько (Olelko, rare)
  • Urdu - Hindustani - Sikandar
  • Urdu - Pakistani - Sikander ("Sikander-e-Azam" is "Alexander the Great")
  • Uzbek - Iskandar
  • Yiddish - סענדער - Sender, Senderl

People known as just Alexander

Monarchs

Antiquity

Middle Ages

Modern

Religious leaders

Other people

People with the surname Alexander

Fictional

See also

References