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BATS Global Markets

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Bats Global Markets, Inc
TypeStock exchange
LocationLenexa, Kansas, United States
FoundedJune 2005
OwnerBats Global Markets Inc.,
Key peoplePresident and CEO: Chris Concannon;[1][2]
Chairman: Paul Atkins[1]
CurrencyUnited States dollar
Volume1B shares (Jan 2009)
IndicesBats (withdrawn)
Websitewww.bats.com

Bats Global Markets is a global stock exchange operator based in Lenexa, Kansas, with additional offices in London, New York, Chicago and Singapore. Bats was founded in June 2005, became operator of a licensed U.S. stock exchange in 2008 and opened its pan-European stock market in October 2008. As of February 2016, it operates four U.S. stock exchanges, two U.S. equity options exchanges, the pan-European stock market and a global market for the trading of foreign exchange products.

History

The company was founded in June 2005 by David Cummings, a computer programmer. Cummings said he was inspired to start the company after observing Archipelago Holdings be acquired by the New York Stock Exchange and Instinet be acquired by NASDAQ within a week of each other in 2005. After the launch of Bats, other brokerage firms, hedge funds and other clients became involved with the company. Cummings publicized the Bats service by sending emails to companies highlighting the niche that could be carved out by trading on platforms other than the big two—NASDAQ and NYSE.[3] The niche that he sought for the company was for it to be "a neutral, private, broker-dealer owned, semi-profitable utility" with no party owning more than 20 percent.[4] He noted that the consolidation of the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ eliminated competition and they raised prices for their services. The Bats system was intended to charge less.[5] Among the items it did to draw customers was to offer free listings to companies with shares that traded a certain amount each day.[6]

Cummings stepped down in 2007 and was replaced by Joe Ratterman who had been associated with the company from the start. Cummings said in his resignation, "As Bats prepares to become an exchange, my ownership of a broker-dealer precludes me from serving in management". Cummings returned to his position as CEO at Tradebot.[4][7]

European expansion

Under the leadership of Joe Ratterman, in March 2008, Bats entered the European equities markets by establishing a multilateral trading facility (MTF) to compete on a pan-European basis against the incumbent securities exchanges. Bats Europe was formally launched in October 2008.[8][9]

In February 2011, Bats Global Markets agreed to buy Chi-X Europe, a competitor and largest pan-European MTF at the time, for $300 million. The deal was referred by the Office of Fair Trading to the Competition Commission in June 2011 for further investigation to "determine whether a substantial lessening of competition is probable as a result of the anticipated merger". However, the Competition Commission approved the transaction in late November 2011, leading to Bats closing the deal on 30 November 2011. In April 2011, Bats Global Markets confirmed that Mark Hemsley, CEO of Bats Europe, will be appointed CEO of the combined entity following Bats’ acquisition of Chi-X Europe. By April 2012 the technology integration between the two platforms was complete and Chi-X Europe customers were migrated onto the Bats Europe platform.[10][11][12][13][14]

Initial public offering

The company attempted to go public on March 23, 2012, as the first listing on its own exchange, but later withdrew the IPO the same day due to a disastrous glitch in the company's trading systems. The glitch resulted in Bats’ stock price falling from the original $16 offering price to as low as 4¢ a share. Three erroneous Apple trades on the Bats exchange triggered a circuit breaker which temporarily halted trading in that stock. Those trades were later canceled. Bats halted stocks on its exchange that were affected by the glitch and included stocks with ticker symbols beginning with letters A to BFZZZ. It later reopened trading in the affected symbols but decided to withdraw the Bats stock offering.[15][16][17]

Following the failed IPO, the Bats board of directors decided to separate the roles of chairman and CEO. Joe Ratterman had previously held both roles. Ratterman received the “unanimous support” of the directors to keep the positions of CEO and president.[18] In July 2012, Bats named Paul Atkins, a former U.S. Securities and Exchange commissioner, to the role of non-executive chairman of its board of directors.[19]

System issue

In January 2013, Bats admitted that what it called a "system issue" had generated problems with more than 400,000 trades, going back as far as 2008. Specifically, it admitted that prices had been executed that were “equal to or less than the so-called national best bid and offer price”, in violation of Reg NMS.[20]

Acquisition by CBOE

In September 2016 it was announced that BATS was to be acquired by CBOE in early 2017 and will pay about US$3.2 billion for it.[21]

Operations

United States

In the United States Bats operates two stock exchanges, the BZX Exchange and the BYX Exchange (The Bats Exchanges), which as of 2012 accounted for about 10-12% of all U.S. equity trading on a daily basis.[22][23] BZX and BYX are different chiefly because of their pricing structure and the BZX is almost four times bigger than the BYX.[24] Bats is the third largest stock exchange operator in the United States.[25]

In November 2008, Bats converted its ECN to a national securities exchange, BZX, which allowed Bats to participate in and earn market data fees from the United States consolidated tape plans, reduce its clearing costs and operate a primary listings business. In February 2010, Bats expanded into a new asset class by offering trading of listed equity options on BZX. In October 2010, Bats launched BYX, a second national securities exchange for trading listed cash equity securities. Bats launched a primary listings business in the United States on its BZX Exchange in December 2010 and launched its first listings of seven ETFs in January 2012.[8]

With BYX, Bats offered a different pricing model than its larger market, BZX.[26]

Europe

Bats entered the European equities markets in 2008, with the launch of Bats Europe, a pan-European multilateral trading facility (MTF).[9] In 2011 it acquired Chi-X Europe, a competitor and largest pan-European MTF at the time, this was merged with Bats Europe.[14]

Notable officers

Eric Swanson is Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary. He joined as General Counsel in January 2008.[27]

In 2014, company president William O'Brien disputed assertions in the book Flash Boys: A Wall Street Revolt. He was quoted in the New York Times as saying about the book's author, "Michael Lewis clearly has a blind side, as we’ve just discovered". O'Brien was "referring to a previous work by the journalist", the paper reported.[28] O'Brien's Twitter account was active[29] and he engaged in a "heated debate on live TV" with Lewis on CNBC[30] in the first days of the book's release and after an appearance by Lewis on 60 Minutes.[31] In the exchange with Lewis and IEX CEO, Brad Katsuyama, he denied that Direct Edge used low speed data sources for public pricing of trades, a point Katsuyama noted would support his own assertion that markets such as Direct Edge were structured to favor high-frequency traders. O'Brien's denial was false and he was publicly told to retract it by the New York District Attorney.[32] He left the company soon after.[33]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Tom Steinert-Threlkeld (2012-07-17). "Bats Names Former SEC Commissioner as Chairman". Securitiestechnologymonitor.com. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  2. ^ Management, batstrading.com. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
  3. ^ "Bats Trading CEO Cummings likes being the catalyst - Kansas City Business Journal". Bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  4. ^ a b Massaro, Kerry (2007-06-29). "Dave Cummings Steps Down As Bats CEO/Prez". Advanced Trading. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  5. ^ Grant, Justin. "Dave Cummings: Market Maker". Advanced Trading. Archived from the original on 2011-12-30. Retrieved 2016-02-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Bats founder says exchange should renew IPO in 2Q". CBS News. Retrieved 2012-03-27.[dead link‍]
  7. ^ Spicer, Jonathan. "Bats founder pushes for IPO despite "freak" glitch - Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b "Amendment #5 to S-1". Sec.gov. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  9. ^ a b "US trading system Bats to open European platform". Reuters. 2008-03-31. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  10. ^ "Bats wins final approval to buy Chi-X Europe". Efinancialnews.com. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  11. ^ "Bats Tries to Reboot Its IPO". Institutional Investor. 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  12. ^ "Bats Europe CEO to run Bats Chi-X, Haynes departs". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  13. ^ Schmerken, Ivy (2012-05-01). "Bats Europe Completes Tech Migration of Chi-Ex - Wall Street & Technology". Wallstreetandtech.com. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  14. ^ a b Jeffs, Luke. "Bats wins regulatory support to buy Chi-X Europe". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  15. ^ Olivia Oran; Jonathan Spicer; Chuck Mikolajczak; Carrick Mollenkamp (23 March 2012). "Bats exchange withdraws IPO after stumbles". Reuters. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
  16. ^ Bremner, Brian (23 March 2012). "The Bats Affair: When Machines Humiliate Their Masters". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
  17. ^ Rooney, Ben (23 March 2012). "Bats Global Market shares are halted after IPO - Bats: Well, this is awkward". CNN. CNNMoney.com. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
  18. ^ Mehta, Nina. "Bats CEO Cedes Chairman Role as Board Said to Delay IPO". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  19. ^ "Bats appoints ex-SEC commissioner as non-executive chairman". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  20. ^ Schmerken, Ivy (10 January 2013). "Another Technical Issue From Bats Rattles Confidence". Advanced Trading. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  21. ^ "CBOE Will Acquire BATS Global Markets for $3.2 Billion". fortune.com. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  22. ^ "Bats Global Markets". Bats Global Markets. 2012-07-03. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  23. ^ "Bats Chi-X Europe". Batstrading.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  24. ^ "Bats Exchange". Batstrading.com. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
  25. ^ McLaughlin, Tim (2012-03-23). "Bats' core business solid, future growth uncertain". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-03-27.
  26. ^ Peter Chapman; James Ramage (2010-11-24). "Exchanges Sharpen Their Offerings". Tradersmagazine.com. Retrieved 2012-09-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Bats Exchange | Management Team". Bats Trading. September 11, 2001. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  28. ^ Merced, Michael de la, and William Alden, "Scrutiny for Wall Street’s Warp Speed", New York Times, March 31, 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
  29. ^ William O'Brien, Twitter. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
  30. ^ Patel, Sital S., "‘Epic’ debate on high-frequency trading between Michael Lewis, Brad Katsuyama and William O’Brien", MarketWatch, April 1, 2014. Link to CNBC "Katsuyama vs. O'Brien - who won the fight?". Retrieved 2014-04-01.
  31. ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross, "Fault Runs Deep in Ultrafast Trading", New York Times, March 31, 2014. With link to CBS program (run on 3/30/14) embedded. Retrieved 2014-04-01.
  32. ^ Durden, Tyler (4 April 2014). "Bats Admits CEO Lied About HFT On CNBC". Zero Hedge. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  33. ^ "UPDATE 1-Bats says President William O'Brien leaves company". Reuters. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
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