Bande Nawaz
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Syed Muhammad Al-Hussaini | |
|---|---|
 Dargah Hazrat Khwaja Banda Nawaz | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 7 August 1321 Delhi, Delhi Sultanate, now India |
| Died | 10 November 1422 (aged 101) Gulbarga Fort, Gulbarga, Bahmani Sultanate, now Gulbarga district, Bayalu Seeme region, Karnataka, India |
| Era | Islamic golden age |
| Jurisprudence | Sunni |
| Main interest(s) | Sufism |
| Senior posting | |
Influenced by
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Influenced | |
Syed walShareef Kamaluddin bin Muhammad bin Yousuf AlHussaini, commonly known as Hazrat Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gaisu Daraz (7 August 1321, Delhi –10 November 1422, Gulbarga), was a famous Sufi saint from India of the Chishti Order, who advocated understanding, tolerance and harmony among various religious groups.
Gaisu Daraz was a murid (disciple) of the noted Sufi saint of Delhi, Hazrat Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi. After the death of Chiragh Dehlavi, Gaisu Daraz took on the mantle of the successor (khalifa). When he moved to Daulatabad around 1400, owing to the attack of Timur on Delhi, he took the Chishti Order to South India.[1] He finally settled down in Gulbarga, at the invitation of Bahamani Sultan, Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.[2]
Biography
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Banda Nawaz was born to Syed walShareef Muhammad bin Yousuf AlHussaini in Delhi in 1321. At the age of four, his family shifted to Daulatabad in Deccan (now in Maharashtra). In 1397, he went to Gulbarga, Deccan (presently in Karnataka) at the invitation of Sultan Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.
At the age of fifteen, he returned to Delhi for his education and training by Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi. He was also a very enthusiastic student of Hazrat Kethli, Hazrat Tajuddin Bahadur and Qazi Abdul Muqtadir. After teaching at various places such as Delhi, Mewath, Gwalior, Chander, Aircha, Chatra, Chanderi, Miandhar, Baroda, Khambayat and Gulbarga in 1397 and died in Gulbarga in the year November 1422.
His name as well as patronymic was Abul-Fatah and Gaisu Daraz was his title. Among the scholars and theologians he was Sheikh Abul-Fatah Sadr Uddin Muhammad Dehlavi but people called him Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gaisu Daraaz.
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Parentage
He was the descendant of Hazrat Ali.[3][4] His forefathers resided in Hirat. One of them came to Delhi and settled down here. His father Hazrat Syed walShareef Muhammad bin Yousuf was born here on 4, Rajab, 721 Hijri. His father Hazrat Syed walShareef Yousuf bin Muhammad AlHussaini was a holy figure and devoted to Hazrat Nizam Uddin Aulia.
Sultan Muhammad-bin Tughlaq once transferred his capital to Daulatabad (Devgiri) and along with him went many scholars, theologians, and mystics. His parents also migrated to the place. He was four years at the time Malik-ul-Umar Hazrat Syed Ibrahim Mustafa AlHashmi, his maternal uncle, was the governor of Daulatabad.
Childhood and early education
His father always stressed the importance of education. From his childhood he was inclined towards religion and spent time in meditation and prayer. His father died when he was ten and his maternal grandfather assumed responsibility for his education and training and taught him initial books but he took lessons on Misbah and Qadoori from another teacher.
In Delhi
On the death of his father. He was fifteen at the time. He had heard a lot about Hazrat Nizam Uddin Auliya and Hazrat Nasir Uddin Roshan Chiragh Dehlavi from his father and maternal grand father and grew devoted to them. One day he went to say his prayer in the Jama-Majid of Sultan Qutub Uddin, there he saw Hazrat Sheikh Nasir Uddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi and pledged obedience to him on 16, Rajab. Under the guidance of Hazrat Nasir Uddin Chiragh Dehlavi he engaged himself in prayers and meditation and so much enjoyed them that he forbade studies and requested his teacher to allow him to do so. Hazrat Nasir Uddin denied him permission and instructed him to study with attention Usool-e-Bizoori, Risals Shamsia, Kashaf, Misbah so he restarted the studies under the guidance of renowned teachers.
AlHussaini left Delhi on December 17, 1398, because the city was under siege by Timur and its fall was imminent.[5]
Title Gesu-Daraaz
One day he with other disciples lifted the palanquin bearing Hazrat Nasir Uddin. His long hair stuck into the foot of the palki and pained him severely but he did not disentangle them for love and respect to the teacher. When Hazrat Nasir Uddin learned of the episode, he was overjoyed and recited the Persian couplet:
"Har ki murid Syed gesu daraaz shud Vallah khilaf-e-nest ki Uoo ishq baaz shud." ("Syed Gesu Daraaz has pledged his obedience; there is nothing wrong in it because he has deeply fallen in love.")
He thus gained the title "Gesu Daraaz".
See Gesudaraz I for other personality said to be having same title.
In Gulbarga
Having lived for over forty years in Delhi, he moved to Gulbarga at the age of around 76. Firoz Shah Bahmani ruled over the Deccan during this period. He gave him much respect. For a long time he was engaged in religious discourses, sermons, and spiritual training of the people.
Death
Bande Nawaz attained an age of 101 years, died on 16 Ziqa'ad 825 Hijri in Gulbarga and was buried there. His tomb is a place of Ziyaarat,
Quotes
- If a Salik prays or meditates for fame, he is an atheist.
- If one prays or meditates out of fear, he is a cheat and a hypocrite.
- So long as a man disengages himself from all the worldly things, he would not step into the road of misconduct.
- Divide the night into three periods: in the first period say Darud and recitation; in the second sleep and in the third call His name and meditate.
- The Salik should be careful in food it should be legitimate.
- The Salik should abstain from the company of the worldly people.[2] Bande Nawaz Dargha is very famous in entire south India
Works
Bande Nawaz authored about 195 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu.[2] His magnum opus, Tafseer Multaqat, was compiled into one book very recently.[when?] He also composed a book on the Prophet of Islam titled Miraj-al Ashiqin for the instruction of the masses in Dakhni, a South Indian branch of the Urdu language. He was the first Sufi to use this vernacular which was elaborated upon by many other Sufi saints of South India in later centuries.[6] He wrote many treatises on the works on Ibn Arabi and Suhrawardi, which made the works of these scholars accessible to Indian scholars and played a major role in influencing later mystical thought.[citation needed] Other books authored are Qaseeda Amali and Adaab-al-Mureedein.
Books
- Tafseer-e-Qu'Orane-e-Majeed
- Multaqit
- Havashi Kashaf
- Sharah-e-Mashareq
- Sharah Fiqah-e-Akbar
- Sharah Adab-Ul-Murideen
- Sharah Ta-arruf
- Risala Sirat-Ul-Nabi
- Tarjuma Mashareq
- Ma-Arif
- Tarjuma Awarif
- Sharah Fasoosul Hikam
- Tarjuma Risala Qasherya
- Hawa Asahi Quwwat-Ul-Qalb
Urs
People from various walks of life, irrespective of caste and creed, assemble even today to celebrate the urs (death anniversary) which takes place on the 15, 16 and 17-day of Zul-Qa'dah of Muslim calendar at the famous Bande Nawaz dargah in Gulbarga every year. Several hundred thousand devotees from near and far, irrespective of religion and beliefs, gather to seek blessings.[2]
See also
- Qari Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui
- Sufi Saints of South Asia
- Maudood Chishti
- Wali Kirani
- Ashraf Jahangir Semnani
References
- ^ Jihad in the East: A Crescent Over Delhi The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity, by M. J. Akbar. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-28470-8. Page 111.
- ^ a b c d Urs-e-Sharief of Khwaja Bande Nawaz in Gulbarga from tomorrow "The Hindu", 27 November 2007.
- ^ "شجرہ مبارک". alhassanain.com. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Administrator. "Shajra Tul Ashraaf". www.al-arif.org. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ Eaton, Richard (2005). A Social History of The Deccan 1300-1761, Eight Indian Lives. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51442-2.
- ^ Mystical Dimensions of Islam By Annemarie Schimmel, Pg 351
Bibliography
- Askari, Syed Hasan, Tazkira-i Murshidi—Rare Malfuz of the 15th-Century Sufi Saint of Gulbarga. Proceedings of the Indian Historical Records Commission (1952).
- Hussaini, Syed Shah Khusro, Gisudaraz on Wahdat al-Wujud. Studies in Islam 19 (1982), pp. 233–45.
- Hussaini, Syed Shah Khusro, Sayyid Muhammad al-Husayni Gisu Daraz: On Sufism Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1985.
- Hussaini, Syed Shah Khusro, Shuhud vs. Wujud: A Study of Gisudiraz Islamic Culture 59 (1985), pp. 323–39.
- Siddiqi, Mohd. Sulaiman, Syed Mohd. al-Husaini Gisudaraz Islamic Culture 52 (1978), pp. 173–84.