British Columbia Highway 97
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Highway 97 is the longest continuously numbered route in the Canadian province of British Columbia (and the longest provincial highway in any province), running 2,081 km (1,293 mi) from the Canada–United States border near Osoyoos in the south to the British Columbia/Yukon boundary in the north at Watson Lake, Yukon. The route takes its number from U.S. Route 97, with which it connects at the international border. The highway was initially designated '97' in 1953.
Route description
Okanagan Highway
The Okanagan Highway is a 189 km (117 mi) section of Highway 97 between the international border and the junction of Highway 97A north of Vernon. It is named for the Okanagan region of British Columbia, through which it largely passes. It begins in the south at the international border crossing north of Oroville, and travels 4 km (2.5 mi) north to its junction with the Crowsnest Highway at Osoyoos. The highway travels north for 47 km (29 mi), passing through the Testalinden Creek Landslide and the communities of Oliver and Okanagan Falls. From Okanagan Falls, Highway 97 runs near the western shore of Skaha Lake before arriving at the locality of Kaleden, where Highway 3A diverges west.
13 km (8.1 mi) north of Kaleden, Highway 97 arrives at the city of Penticton. North of Penticton, Highway 97 follows the western shore of Okanagan Lake for 45 km (28 mi), through the communities of Summerland and Peachland, before reaching its junction with Highway 97C just south of Westbank. From there, Highway 97 passes through West Kelowna and reserve lands belonging to the Westbank First Nation until, 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of the 97C junction, Highway 97 begins to cross Okanagan Lake via the William R. Bennett Bridge. The highway enters the city of Kelowna upon landfall on the east shore of the lake. 6 km (3.7 mi) east into the city centre, the highway reaches its junction with Highway 33. As the Okanagan is a highly popular travel destination and also has the highest population in inland B.C. (about 300,000), this section of highway 97 is by far the busiest. Congestion is frequent - particularly near the William Bennet Bridge, and Southbound towards West Kelowna.
Four kilometres (2½ mi) north of the Highway 33 junction, Highway 97 leaves the urbanized area of Kelowna (the municipal boundary is actually a further 12 km, 7 mi, north). For the next 43 km (27 mi), the route travels well east of Okanagan Lake, passing through the community of Winfield. Prior to 2013, the highway ran alongside the west shore of Wood Lake to Oyama. A new 9 km (5.6 mi) section of four-lane highway was constructed and opened to traffic at that time, which bypasses Oyama entirely to the north. The original section of the highway skirting the western shore of Wood Lake is now known as Pelmewash Parkway. Both Oyama and Winfield lie within the municipality of Lake Country.
Highway 97 then passes along the west shore of Kalamalka Lake before entering the city of Vernon and a junction with Highway 6 just south of the city centre. The highway then travels north for 10 km (6.2 mi) to a junction with Highway 97A near Swan Lake.
Vernon-Kamloops-Cache Creek
Highway 97 continues northwest from Highway 97A for 81 km (50 mi), past the town of Falkland, before it merges onto the Trans-Canada Highway at Monte Creek, and is known as the Vernon-Monte Creek Highway. The highway follows Highway 1 for 105 km (65 mi) west to Cache Creek. As it travels westward, Highways 1 and 97 parallel the Thompson River, passing through the city of Kamloops, where the route shares a 12 km (7.5 mi) wrong-way concurrency with Highway 5 (signed as 97 North and 5 South and vice versa) and intersects Highway 5A.
Cariboo Highway
The Cariboo Highway section of Highway 97, between Cache Creek and Prince George, is 441 km (274 mi) in length and named for the Cariboo region, through which it travels. Much of its length as far as Quesnel follows approximately the route of the original Cariboo Wagon Road, which was also known as the Queen's Highway. The Cariboo Wagon Road's lower stretches between Yale and Cache Creek were severed in many places by the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. That section, now part of the Trans-Canada, was rebuilt in the 1920s, when the name Cariboo Highway was first applied to the route, a designation which ran from Yale to Prince George, British Columbia (where portions of the route survive as the Old Cariboo Highway). Today the Cariboo Highway designation begins at Cache Creek, veering north for 11 km (6.8 mi) to its junction with Highway 99. North of Highway 99, Highway 97 travels 92 km (57 mi) through Clinton, where the British Columbia Railway begins to roughly parallel Highway 97, as well as through the community of 70 Mile House before reaching a junction at 93 Mile House with Highway 24 (the Interlakes Highway).
Over the 100 km (62 mi) of road north of Highway 24, Highway 97 travels through 100 Mile House and 150 Mile House before reaching the city of Williams Lake and a junction with Highway 20, which runs west across the Chilcotin District to Bella Coola on the Central Coast. Over the next 120 km (75 mi) continuing generally northward, the highway passes through McLeese Lake and Marguerite. En route, Highway 97 follows the east bank of the Fraser River to the city of Quesnel, and a junction with Highway 26. Over the next 115 km (71 mi) north of Quesnel, after passing through the hamlets of Strathnaver, Hixon, Stoner and Red Rock, Highway 97 meets its junction with Highway 16 at Prince George. North of here, the highway veers away from the Fraser River, and the British Columbia Railway veers northwestward from it.
The term Cariboo Highway originally applied to the reconstructed route from Hope through the Fraser Canyon to Cache Creek and Prince George. Constructed in 1924-25, the new gravel toll highway opened in 1926, giving road access to canyon communities cut off since the destruction of parts of the Cariboo Road by construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. The Cariboo Highway designation for the Fraser Canyon portion of the route was supplanted with the completion and naming of the Trans-Canada Highway c.-1962. Portions of the old highway survive as local streets, some carrying the name Old Cariboo Highway (as in Prince George).
John Hart Highway
This 405 km-long (252 mi) stretch of Highway 97, named for former British Columbia Premier John Hart, begins at Prince George, travelling for 152 km (94 mi) north through the small hamlet of Summit Lake, which is situated at the Continental Divide, as well as through Crooked River Provincial Park, Bear Lake and McLeod Lake, to its intersection with Highway 39. It then journeys northeast another 150 km (93 mi) through the Continental Divide, at which point the time zone changes from Pacific Time to Mountain Time. After emerging from the Pine Pass, the highway generally follows the Pine River northeast to its intersection with Highway 29 at the town of Chetwynd. After a trek of another 97 km (60 mi) east, the Hart Highway terminates at Dawson Creek.
Alaska Highway
This northernmost section of Highway 97 is 965 km (600 mi) long, and travels north through largely unpopulated wilderness, intersecting the communities of Fort St. John and Fort Nelson, the latter being just east of the junction of Highway 77, travelling north to the Northwest Territories. Here, the highway veers generally northwestward into wilderness spotted with tiny localities. As it passes over the Rocky Mountains, the highway parallels the Liard River before terminating just over the BC/Yukon boundary at Watson Lake, where the Alaska Highway is numbered as Yukon Highway 1.
Major intersections
Regional District | Location | km[3] | mi | Exit | Destinations | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continues as US 97 south – Oroville, Omak, Wenatchee, Ellensburg | |||||||
Okanagan-Similkameen | | 0.00 | 0.00 | Canada–United States border Okanagan Highway segment begins | |||
Osoyoos | 4.50 | 2.80 | Highway 3 (Crowsnest Highway) – Grand Forks, Castlegar, Princeton, Hope, Vancouver | Former south end of Highway 3A concurrency. | |||
Oliver | 24.53 | 15.24 | Fairview Road | ||||
Okanagan Falls | 45.60 | 28.33 | 9th Avenue Main Street | BC 97 branches west, then turns north. | |||
Kaleden | 51.67 | 32.11 | Highway 3A west – Keremeos, Princeton, Vancouver | Former north end of Highway 3A concurrency. | |||
Penticton | 59.84 | 37.18 | Airport Road – Penticton Regional Airport | ||||
60.41 | 37.54 | Skaha Lake Road Channel Parkway | BC 97 branches north. | ||||
63.35 | 39.36 | Fairview Road, Green Mountain Road – Apex Mountain Resort | |||||
65.19 | 40.51 | Eckhardt Avenue – Naramata Vess Drive | BC 97 branches west. | ||||
66.04 | 41.04 | Westminster Avenue | BC 97 turns north west of Westminster Ave. | ||||
| 66.82 | 41.52 | Burnaby Avenue | ||||
Summerland | 75.38 | 46.84 | Johnson Road | ||||
80.03 | 49.73 | Prairie Valley Road, Solly Road | |||||
80.98 | 50.32 | Rosedale Avenue | |||||
Central Okanagan | Peachland | 101.81 | 63.26 | Princeton Avenue, Beach Avenue | |||
103.91 | 64.57 | Ponderossa Drive, 13th Street | |||||
104.25 | 64.78 | Clements Crescent | |||||
109.01 | 67.74 | Highway 97C west (Okanagan Connector) – Merritt, Hope, Vancouver | Drought Hill interchange | ||||
West Kelowna | 111.14 | 69.06 | Glenrosa Road | Glenrosa Road interchange BC 97 turns east | |||
112.64 | 69.99 | West end of one-way couplets | |||||
113.01 | 70.22 | Elliott Road | |||||
113.41 | 70.47 | Old Okanagan Highway | |||||
113.66 | 70.63 | East end of one-way couplets | |||||
Westbank First Nation | 113.83 | 70.73 | Gosset Road, Gellatly Road | ||||
114.59 | 71.20 | Butt Road | |||||
117.31 | 72.89 | Daimler Drive | |||||
West Kelowna | 118.97 | 73.92 | Ross Road | ||||
119.81 | 74.45 | Westlake Road, Hudson Road | Interchange proposed[4] | ||||
Westbank First Nation | 121.69 | 75.61 | Boucherie Road, Horizon Drive | Interchange proposed[4] | |||
119.81 | 74.45 | Hudson Road, Westside Road | Westside Road interchange | ||||
124.33 | 77.26 | Campbell Road | Campbell Road interchange | ||||
↑ / ↓ | 124.74– 125.81 | 77.51– 78.17 | William R. Bennett Bridge across Okanagan Lake | ||||
Kelowna | 126.32 | 78.49 | Abbot Street | West end of Harvey Avenue | |||
126.56 | 78.64 | West end of HOV lanes[5] | |||||
Pandosy Street, Water Street | |||||||
126.75 | 78.76 | Ellis Street | |||||
127.11 | 78.98 | Richter Street | |||||
127.53 | 79.24 | Ethel Street | |||||
127.94 | 79.50 | Gordon Drive | |||||
128.77 | 80.01 | Burch Road | |||||
129.58 | 80.52 | Spall Road | |||||
130.40 | 81.03 | Cooper Road | |||||
130.82 | 81.29 | Dilworth Drive | East end of Harvey Avenue BC 97 turns northeast. | ||||
131.51 | 81.72 | Leckie Road | |||||
132.36 | 82.24 | Highway 33 east – Big White Ski Resort, Rock Creek | |||||
East end of HOV lanes[5] | |||||||
133.16 | 82.74 | Enterprise Way, Leathead Road | |||||
133.93 | 83.22 | McCurdy Road | |||||
136.38 | 84.74 | Sexsmith Road, Old Vernon Road | BC 97 turns north. | ||||
138.19 | 85.87 | John Hindle Drive – UBC Okanagan | Northbound exit, southbound entrance | ||||
139.08 | 86.42 | University Way – UBC Okanagan | No northbound exit | ||||
140.31 | 87.18 | Airport Way – Kelowna International Airport | Interchange proposed[6] | ||||
146.85 | 91.25 | Commonwealth Road | |||||
Lake Country | 148.29 | 92.14 | Beaver Lake Road, Glenmore Road | ||||
149.95 | 93.17 | Pollard Road | |||||
149.33 | 92.79 | Berry Road | |||||
152.17 | 94.55 | Woodsdale Road, Oceola Road | |||||
152.67 | 94.86 | Pelmewash Parkway | Wood Lake interchange Northbound exit, southbound entrance | ||||
160.51 | 99.74 | Pelmewash Parkway, Gatzke Road | Gatzke Road interchange | ||||
North Okanagan | Vernon | 176.27 | 109.53 | College Way, Clerke Road – Coldstream | |||
178.17 | 110.71 | 16th Avenue | South end of 32nd Street. | ||||
179.34 | 111.44 | Highway 6 east – Lumby, Nakusp, Nelson | |||||
179.34 | 111.44 | 30th Avenue | |||||
179.52 | 111.55 | 32nd Avenue | |||||
180.05 | 111.88 | 39th Avenue | |||||
181.44 | 112.74 | 48th Avenue – Silver Star Mountain Resort | North end of 32nd Street. | ||||
183.02 | 113.72 | 27th Street | Southbound exit, northbound entrance | ||||
Spallumcheen Township | 188.97 | 117.42 | Highway 97A north – Armstrong, Enderby, Salmon Arm, Sicamous | Swan Lake interchange BC 97 branches west | |||
Okanagan Highway segment ends • Vernon-Monte Creek Highway segment begins | |||||||
194.64 | 120.94 | Westside Road | |||||
Columbia-Shuswap | Falkland | 224.31 | 139.38 | Chase-Falkland Road | |||
Thompson-Nicola | Monte Creek | 269.71 | 167.59 | 399 | Highway 1 (TCH) east (Trans-Canada Highway) – Salmon Arm, Revelstoke, Banff, Calgary | Hwy 97 interchange East end of Highway 1 (TCH) concurrency | |
Vernon-Monte Creek Highway segment ends • BC 97 south exits freeway using Exit 399. | |||||||
271.74 | 168.85 | 396[i] 397[ii] | Hook Road | Hook Road interchange | |||
Kamloops | 278.29 | 172.92 | 390[i] 391[ii] | Lafarge Road | Tumbleweed interchange | ||
281.98 | 175.21 | 386[i] 388[ii] | Kokanee Way | Kokanee Way interchange | |||
286.65 | 178.12 | 384 | Kipp Road, Dallas Drive, Barnhartvale Road | Nina Place/Kipp Road interchange Westbound exit and entrance | |||
287.05 | 178.36 | 384 | Kipp Road, Dallas Drive, Barnhartvale Road | Eastbound right-in/right-out | |||
289.84 | 180.10 | Grand Boulevard | |||||
290.70 | 180.63 | Tanager Road | |||||
291.65 | 181.22 | River Road | |||||
292.39 | 181.68 | Highland Road | |||||
293.20 | 182.19 | Oriole Road | |||||
294.03 | 182.70 | Vicars Road | |||||
269.71 | 167.59 | East end of freeway | |||||
375 | Battle Street – City Centre | Valleyview interchange No eastbound exit | |||||
295.71 | 183.75 | 374 | Highway 5 north (South Yellowhead Highway) – Sun Peaks, Clearwater, Jasper, Edmonton | Yellowhead interchange East end of Highway 1 (TCH) / Highway 5 concurrency | |||
299.20 | 185.91 | 370 | Summit Drive – City Centre | Springhill interchange Westbound exit and eastbound entrance | |||
300.13 | 186.49 | 369 | Columbia Street – City Centre | Sagebrush interchange Eastbound exit and westbound entrance | |||
301.08 | 187.08 | 368 | Highway 5A south – Merritt | Sagebrush interchange | |||
301.87 | 187.57 | 367 | Pacific Way | Pacific Way interchange | |||
303.55 | 188.62 | 366 | Copperhead Drive, Lac le Jeune Road | Copperhead interchange | |||
307.78 | 191.25 | 362 | Highway 5 south (Coquihalla Highway) – Merritt, Hope, Vancouver | Afton interchange West end of Highway 1 (TCH) / Highway 5 concurrency Highway 1 (TCH) concurrency continues | |||
West end of freeway • BC 1 west / BC 97 north exits freeway using Exit 362. | |||||||
Savona | 339.08 | 210.69 | Savona Access Road | ||||
343.29 | 213.31 | Savona Access Road | |||||
| 343.74 | 213.59 | Savona Bridge (Kamloops Lake Bridge) across Thompson River | ||||
Cache Creek | 379.77 | 235.98 | Highway 1 (TCH) south (Trans-Canada Highway) – Lytton, Spences Bridge, Hope, Vancouver Highway 97C south – Ashcroft, Logan Lake, Merritt, Kelowna | West end of Highway 1 (TCH) concurrency BC 97 branches north | |||
Caribou Highway segment begins | |||||||
| 390.79 | 242.83 | Highway 99 south (Duffy Lake Road) – Lillooet, Whistler, Vancouver | ||||
Clinton | 419.36 | 260.58 | Kelly Lake Road | ||||
Cariboo | 93 Mile House | 483.10 | 300.18 | Highway 24 east (Interlakes Highway) – Little Fort | |||
100 Mile House | 491.57 | 305.45 | Horse Lake Road, Alpine Avenue | ||||
492.53 | 306.04 | 1st Street | |||||
492.92 | 306.29 | Exter Station Road | |||||
Lac La Hache | 510.53 | 317.23 | Spring Lake Road | ||||
150 Mile House | 568.44 | 353.21 | Likely Road | ||||
Williams Lake | 582.63 | 362.03 | Highway 20 west (Chilcotin-Bella Coola Highway) – Alexis Creek, Bella Coola Oliver Street | BC 97 branches north. | |||
583.94 | 362.84 | Carson Drive | |||||
587.14 | 364.83 | Mackenzie Avenue | |||||
Red Bluff | 695.62 | 432.24 | Maple Drive | ||||
696.41 | 432.73 | Cedar Avenue, Larch Avenue | |||||
Quesnel | 699.43 | 434.61 | Northstar Road | Northstar Road interchange | |||
700.22 | 435.10 | Quesnel River Bridge across Quesnel River | |||||
701.25 | 435.74 | Carson Avenue, Moffat Approach – Nazko | BC 97 branches west. | ||||
701.80 | 436.08 | Front Street | BC 97 branches north. | ||||
706.93 | 439.27 | Highway 26 east (Barkerville Highway) – Quesnel Airport, Wells, Barkerville | |||||
Fraser-Fort George | | 809.32 | 502.89 | To Highway 16 (TCH) east – Prince George Airport, McBride, Jasper | |||
Prince George | 813.95 | 505.77 | Sintich Road | ||||
814.84 | 506.32 | Boundary Road | Proposed BC 16 bypass[7] | ||||
817.72 | 508.11 | Terminal Boulevard | |||||
818.70 | 508.72 | Railway Road | |||||
700.22 | 435.10 | Simon Fraser Bridge across Fraser River | |||||
819.72 | 509.35 | Queensway, Ferry Avenue | Grade separated. | ||||
821.04 | 510.17 | Highway 16 (TCH) (Yellowhead Highway) – Terrace, Prince Rupert, Jasper, Edmonton | |||||
Caribou Highway segment ends • John Hart Highway segment begins | |||||||
821.74 | 510.61 | Massey Drive, Pine Centre Road | Massey Drive interchange | ||||
822.26 | 510.93 | 22nd Avenue | |||||
823.00 | 511.39 | 15th Avenue | |||||
823.56 | 511.74 | 10th Avenue | |||||
824.14 | 512.10 | 5th Avenue | |||||
824.77 | 512.49 | John Hart Bridge across Nechako River | |||||
825.32 | 512.83 | North Nechako Road | North Nechako Road interchange | ||||
827.90 | 514.43 | Northwood Pulpmill Road | |||||
832.00 | 516.98 | Monterey Road | |||||
833.57 | 517.96 | Austin Road | |||||
834.64 | 518.62 | Handlen Road | |||||
835.51 | 519.16 | Chief Lake Road | |||||
| 977.42 | 607.34 | Highway 39 north (Mackenzie Highway) – Mackenzie | ||||
↑ / ↓ | | 1,015.72 | 631.14 | Pine Pass – el. 933 m (3,061 ft) | |||
Peace River | Chetwynd | 1,125.54 | 699.38 | Highway 29 north (Don Phillips Way) – W. A. C. Bennett Dam, Hudson's Hope, Fort St. John | West end of BC 29 concurrency | ||
| 1,128.46 | 701.19 | Highway 29 south (Don Phillips Way) – Tumbler Ridge | East end of BC 29 concurrency | |||
Dawson Creek | 1,223.94 | 760.52 | Dangerous Goods Route, Road 94 – Fort St. John, Pouce Coupe | Dawson Creek bypass | |||
1,225.37 | 761.41 | Highway 2 east to Highway 49 – Spirit River, Pouce Coupe, Grande Prairie, Edmonton | BC 97 branches northwest | ||||
John Hart Highway segment ends • Alaska Highway segment begins | |||||||
1,227.73 | 762.88 | Road 94 – Pouce Coupe, Prince George | Dawson Creek bypass | ||||
| 1,278.85 | 794.64 | Taylor Bridge across Peace River | ||||
Taylor | 1,280.85 | 795.88 | Pine Avenue | ||||
| 1,287.95 | 800.30 | Road 255 – North Peace Regional Airport | ||||
Fort St. John | 1,296.95 | 805.89 | 92A Street, 93rd Street, 85th Avenue | ||||
1,297.04 | 805.94 | 100th Street – Cecil Lake, Fairview | |||||
1,298.88 | 807.09 | 100th Avenue, Old Fort Road | |||||
| 1,300.87 | 808.32 | Road 269 | ||||
| 1,302.79 | 809.52 | Road 271 | ||||
Charlie Lake | 1,305.00 | 810.89 | Old Hope Road | ||||
| 1,309.56 | 813.72 | Highway 29 south (Don Phillips Way) – W. A. C. Bennett Dam, Hudson's Hope, Chetwynd | ||||
Wonowon | 1,384.94 | 860.56 | Historical mile post 101 | ||||
Northern Rockies R.M. | Fort Nelson | 1,678.20 | 1,042.79 | 50 Street, Liard Street | |||
| 1,706.52 | 1,060.38 | Highway 77 north (Liard Highway) – Fort Liard, Fort Simpson | ||||
| 1,819.57 | 1,130.63 | Summit Pass – 1,267 m (4,157 ft) | ||||
| 1,877.00– 1,959.89 | 1,166.31– 1,217.82 | Passes through Muncho Lake Provincial Park | ||||
| 1,985.48 | 1,233.72 | Liard River Bridge across Liard River | ||||
| 2,045.67 | 1,271.12 | Coal River Bridge across Coal River | ||||
Unorganized | | 2,128.1 | 1,322.3 | British Columbia – Yukon border[8] | Enters the Yukon, remains as BC 97. | ||
| 2,129.3 | 1,323.1 | British Columbia – Yukon border[8] | Reenters British Columbia | |||
| 2,132.0 | 1,324.8 | British Columbia – Yukon border[8] | Reenters the Yukon | |||
| 2,140.4 | 1,330.0 | British Columbia – Yukon border[8] | Reenters British Columbia | |||
| 2,142.2 | 1,331.1 | British Columbia – Yukon border[8] | Reenters the Yukon | |||
Unorganized (Stikine Region) | | 2,144.6 | 1,332.6 | British Columbia – Yukon border[8] | Reenters British Columbia | ||
| 2,159.23 | 1,341.68 | Hyland River Bridge across Hyland River | ||||
Lower Post | 2,179.23 | 1,354.11 | Lower Post Road | ||||
| 2,189.47 | 1,360.47 | British Columbia – Yukon border | ||||
Continues as Hwy 1 north (Alaska Highway) – Watson Lake, Whitehorse, Alaska | |||||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
External links
- Official Numbered Routes in British Columbia by British Columbia Driving & Transportation
- Old Cariboo Highway, U.Wash Digital Collections
References
- ^ Super, Natural British Columbia Road Map & Parks Guide (Map) (2010-2011 ed). Davenport Maps Ltd. in co-operation with Tourism British Columbia. § A-5, § A-6, § A-7, § A-8, § B-8, § C-8, § D-8, § D-9, § E-9, § E-8, § F-8, § G-8, § H-8, § H-9, § J-9, § K-9, § K-10, and § L-10.
- ^ British Columbia Road Atlas (2007 ed.). Oshawa, ON: MapArt Publishing Corp. pp. 9, 10, 11, 15, 18, 19, 28, 34, 44, 56, 57, 58, 59, 70, and 71.
- ^ Nicol, Matthew; Horel, Steve (July 2015). "Landmark Kilometre Inventory" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. Cypher Consulting. pp. 42–49, 401–461.
- ^ a b Moore, Wayne (27 Feb 2016). "More interchanges coming - West Kelowna News". Castamet - Kelowna's Homepage. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ a b "HOV Kelowna". British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "Kelowna International Airport". Airport Technology. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ Chahal, Tony (29 April 2015). "New Bypass In Prince George?". CKPG-TV. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 4 July 2016.