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Climate emergency declaration

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Countries where a climate emergency has been declared, either for the entire country (dark blue) or only for some subdivisions (light blue), as of October 2019.

A climate emergency declaration or climate emergency plan, declaring a state of climate emergency, has been issued since 2016 by certain countries and other jurisdictions to set priorities to mitigate climate change.

In declaring a climate emergency, a goverment admits that global warming exists and that the measures taken up to this point are not enough to limit the changes brought by it. The decision mandates the government and administration to devise measures that try and stop human-caused global warming.

The declarations can be made on different levels, for example at a national or local government level, and they can differ in depth and detail in their guidelines. The term climate emergency does not only describe formal decisions, but also includes actions to avert climate change. This is supposed to justify and focus them. The specific term "emergency" is used to assign priority to the topic, and to generate a mindset of urgency.

ClimateEmergencyDeclaration.org stated 1,143 jurisdictions and local governments had posted a Climate Emergency Declaration as of 19 October 2019.[1]

The term “climate emergency” has been promoted by climate activists and pro-climate action politicians to add a sense of urgency for responding to a long-term problem.[2]

Term

Climate emergency as a term was used in protests against climate change before 2010 (e.g. the "Climate-Emergency-Rally" in Melbourne in June 2009). In 2017 the city council of Darebin adopted multiple measures named "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan". On December 4th, 2018, the Club of Rome presented their "Climate Emergency Plan", which included 10 high-priority measures to limit global warming. With the rise of movements like Extinction Rebellion and Fridays For Future the concern has been picked up by various governments.

Multiple European cities and communities who declared a climate emergency are simultaneously members of the Klima-Bündnis (German for climate alliance), which obligates them to lower their CO2 emissions by 10% every five years.

History

Australian climate activists demand the declaration of a climate emergency on 13 June 2009 at the "Climate Emergency Rally" during the annual Earth day in Melbourne, Australia
"Climate Emergency" declared on a banner on 22 April 2017 at the annual March for Science in Melbourne, Australia

Early stages

In September 2013, the Australian Medical Association officially declared climate change a public health emergency.[3] The AMA noted that climate change will cause "higher mortality and morbidity from heat stress; injury and mortality from increasingly severe weather events; increases in the transmission of vector-borne diseases; food insecurity resulting from declines in agricultural outputs; [and] a higher incidence of mental-ill health."[3] The AMA has called on the Australian Government to adopt a carbon budget; reduce emissions; and transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, among other proposals to mitigate the health impacts of climate change.[3]

According to the UK Green Party politician Carla Denyer, the first governmental declaration of climate emergency was made in the City of Darebin in Melbourne, Australia. The city declared a climate emergency on 5 December 2016.[4][5] In August 2017, Darebin decided upon a catalogue of actions in a "Darebin Climate Emergency Plan".[6][7] Darebin's declaration was followed by Hoboken in New Jersey and Berkeley, California.[4][5]

Hearing of these developments, in 2018, Denyer, then a member of Bristol City Council, took the lead role in bringing about Bristol City Council's declaration of a climate emergency.[8] This was the first such declaration by in Europe, and has been widely credited as a breakthrough moment for cities and national parliaments beginning to declare climate emergency.[9][10][11][12] Denyer's motion was described in the UK newspaper The Independent as 'the historic first motion' which by July 2019 had been 'copied by more than 400 local authorities and parliaments'.[13]

"Climate angel" with a poster "This is an emergency" at the "Extinction Rebellion" protests on 22 March 2019 in Melbourne, Australia
Demanding a "Klimanotstand" (English: Climate Emergency) at Helvetiaplatz [de] in Bern, Switzerland on 24 May 2019

On 28th April 2019, the Scottish Parliament declared a climate emergency, making Scotland the first country to do so. [14] This was quickly followed by the National Assembly for Wales on the 29th April [15] and then the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the UK as whole in 1st May.[16]

Subsequent developments

Pope Francis declared a climate emergency in June 2019.[17] The Pope also called for a "radical energy transition" away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources, and urged leaders to "hear the increasingly desperate cries of the earth and its poor."[17] He also argued against "the continued search for new fossil fuel reserves" and stated that "fossil fuels should remain underground."[17]

On 10 July 2019, networks representing more than 7,000 higher and further education institutions from six continents announced that they are declaring a Climate Emergency, and agreed to undertake a three-point plan to address the crisis through their work with students.[18] Some statements were criticized for not including specific measures.[19]

Representative Earl Blumenauer of Oregon believes the US government should declare a climate emergency.[20] Blumenauer's proposed legislation is supported by 2020 US Presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, as well as Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.[20]

The Australian Greens Party is calling on the federal Parliament to declare a climate emergency. Greens MP for Melbourne, Adam Bandt, welcomed the UK Parliament's declaration of a climate emergency and argued that Australia should follow their lead.[21] There is currently an official e-petition to the Australian Parliament that wants the Australian Parliament to declare a climate emergency which, as of October 2019, has more than 300,000 signatories.[22][23] This is the single most popular online Parliamentary petition in Australia.[23] Former federal Liberal Party leader John Hewson has publicly urged for a conscience vote in the Parliament on the climate emergency, despite the Liberal Party's current position on climate change.[24]

On 5 November 2019 the journal BioScience published an article endorsed by further 11,000 scientists from 153 nations, that states Climate Emergency (“We declare clearly and unequivocally that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency”) and that the world’s people face “untold suffering due to the climate crisis” unless there are major transformations to global society.[25][26]

In November 2019 the Oxford Dictionaries made the term climate emergency Word of the Year, justifying it with the increased use of said term.

Recent Development

Development in the EU

On 28 November 2019 the European Parliament declared a climate emergency.[27]

Germany

The state of North-Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) started a campaign on 10 March 2019 called "NRW erklärt den Klimanotstand" (North-Rhine-Westphalia declares a climate emergency), where they urged local communities to do so. The first community to declare a climate emergency was Konstanz, on Mai 2nd 2019.

The government of NRW called the declaration of a climate emergency a "symbolic measure", which does not give any "special rights" to the declaring community.

List of countries and dependencies

States and local administrations

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Climate emergency declarations in 1,143 jurisdictions and local governments cover 287 million citizens". ClimateEmergencyDeclaration.org. 2019-10-19. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  2. ^ Freedman, Andrew (2019-11-05). "More than 11,000 scientists from around the world declare a 'climate emergency'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-11-06.
  3. ^ a b c "Climate change is a health emergency". Australian Medical Association. 2019-09-03. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  4. ^ a b Julia Lagoutte, 'What next after declaring a climate emergency?', Big Green Politics Podcast (30 July 2019).
  5. ^ a b 'Change starts here: Carla Denyer', Green World (9 August 2019).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Darebin_2017_Minutes was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Darebin_2017_Plan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Matthew Taylor, 'Bristol plans to become carbon neutral by 2030', The Guardian (14 November 2018).
  9. ^ Lindsay Brown, 'Climate change: What is a climate emergency?', BBC News (3 May 2019).
  10. ^ James Ellsmoor, 'Climate Emergency Declarations: How Cities Are Leading The Charge', Forbes (20 July 2019).
  11. ^ Julia Lagoutte, 'What next after declaring a climate emergency?', Big Green Politics Podcast (30 July 2019).
  12. ^ 'Change starts here: Carla Denyer', Green World (9 August 2019).
  13. ^ Alex Morss, 'If a city as green as Bristol will struggle to meet emissions targets, how can the rest of the country?', The Independent (July 19, 2019).
  14. ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-48077802
  15. ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-48093720
  16. ^ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48126677
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  18. ^ "Higher and Further Education Institutions across the globe declare Climate Emergency". UN Environment.
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  59. ^ https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/08/30/radio_club_tenerife/1567169615_815466.html Cadena SER
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References

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