Freemasons' Hall, London
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Freemasons' Hall in London is the headquarters of the United Grand Lodge of England and the Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of England, as well as a meeting place for many Masonic Lodges in the London area. It is in Great Queen Street between Holborn and Covent Garden and has been a Masonic meeting place since 1775. There have been three Masonic buildings on the site, with the current incarnation being opened in 1933.
Parts of the building are open to the public daily, and its preserved classic Art Deco style, together with its regular use as a film and television location, have made it a tourist destination.
Original concept
In 1775 the premier[1] Grand Lodge purchased a house fronting the street, behind which was a garden and a second house. A competition was held for the design of a Grand Hall to link the two houses. The front house was the Freemasons' Tavern, the back house was to become offices and meeting rooms. The winning design was by Thomas Sandby.
Current building
The current building, the third on this site, was built between 1927 and 1933 in the art deco style to the designs of architects Henry Victor Ashley and F. Winton Newman as a memorial to the 3,225 Freemasons who died on active service in World War I.
It is an imposing Art Deco building, covering two and one quarter acres. Initially known as the Masonic Peace Memorial, the name was changed to Freemasons' Hall at the outbreak of the World War II in 1939. The financing for building the hall was raised by the Masonic Million Memorial Fund. This fund raised over £1 million. It is a Grade II* listed building, both internally and externally[2]
Points of interest
Grand Temple
Central to the present building is the Grand Temple, meeting place for Grand Lodge, Grand Chapter and a majority of the lodges in the Metropolitan Grand Lodge of London, as well as the annual meetings of a number of the Home Counties Provincial Grand Lodges, and for other Masonic degrees and orders to hold their annual meetings.
Many non-Masonic organisations also use the Grand Temple for numerous events as diverse as Fashion shows and Polytechnic award ceremonies. Bronze doors, each weighing one and a quarter tonnes, open on to a Chamber 123 feet (37 m) long, 90 feet (27 m) wide and 62 feet (19 m) high capable of seating 1,700.[3]
The ceiling cove is of Mosaic work and in addition to figures and symbols from Masonic ritual includes, in the corner, figures representing the four cardinal virtues – Prudence, Temperance, Fortitude, and Justice – and the Arms of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (second youngest son of Queen Victoria) Grand Master 1901–1939, at whose suggestion the Masonic Peace Memorial was built. A superb large pipe organ is installed, built by leading British organ builders Henry Willis & Sons and recently magnificently restored by Harrison and Harrison of Durham being completed in 2015 with funds provided by Supreme Grand Chapter, the governing body for Royal Arch Masonry in England, Wales and the Channel Islands; this work included the provision of a new "Grand" section of the instrument housed in a matching new case immediately behind and above the console, thus making three - rather than the two original 1933 structures - in total. The inaugural recital on the restored instrument was given on 30 September 2015 by Dr Thomas Trotter Organist of Birmingham Town Hall and [St Margaret's Church Westminster Abbey. Other concerts have been given since by Professor Dr Ian Tracey of Liverpool Cathedral and St George's Hall, London-based virtuoso Jane Parker-Smith and young concert organist David Gray. A further recital is by Dr John Kitchen, Organist to the City of Edinburgh is planned for Wednesday 13 September 2017.
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Interior of Grand Temple -
Doors to Grand Temple -
Grand Temple dais, including the pipe organ -
Ceiling
Other Temples
In addition to the Grand Temple, there are a further 23 masonic temples, or meeting rooms, within the building, used by Lodges and Chapters. All are highly ornate in their various art deco styles, and no two are identical. Amongst the temples which are of particular note: Temple No 1 was very large (seating up to 600) and contained a series of portraits of former Grand Masters. However, the temple was converted into a conference space, by removing the furnishings and organ (but leaving the portraits).
Temple No 3, although of no unusual style in itself, contains a recently restored nineteenth-century chamber organ of note; Temple No 10 (where the designers had additional height and space due to its location beneath the large clock tower) is built in a style which combines classic art deco with Egyptian design, and includes an impressive high domed ceiling, and also a Willis pipe organ (awaiting restoration); Temple No 11 was largely funded by donations from Japan and the Far East, and is consequently decorated in a lavish style, dominated by stylised Chrysanthemums, the national flower of Japan; Temple No 12 is known as the Burma Temple for similar reasons, and is decorated with stylised Burmese artwork, and a plaque recording the contributions of Freemasons from British Burma.
Temple No 16 has a distinctive and highly decorated barrel vault ceiling; Temple No 17 was largely funded by the Freemasons of Buckinghamshire, and has a very large carved swan (the symbol of Buckinghamshire) on one wall; it also enjoys a more than usually ornate decorative style, with extensive oak panelling, and is used in particular by the most ancient lodges in London, including the three remaining lodges (of four originals) which pre-date 1717 and the formation of the Grand Lodge itself; Temple No 23 is the smallest (seating approximately 30 people) and contains a series of portraits of former Grand Secretaries.[4]
In addition to these 23 Temples, and the Grand Temple, there are several very simple and plain temples reserved for 'Lodges of Instruction' and 'Lodges of Rehearsal'. Unlike the Grand Temple (of which public tours are available daily) the other 23 temples (and the rehearsal temples) are not normally open to the public, as they are in constant demand by private London Lodges and Chapters for their regular meetings. Approximately 1800 lodges and chapters meet regularly in London, and a high proportion of these meet at Freemasons' Hall.
The Library and Museum of Freemasonry
- Director: Mrs Diane Clements
- Librarian: Mr Martin Cherry
- Museum Curator: Mr Mark Dennis
- Archivist: Mrs Susan Snell
The Library and Museum of Freemasonry is a library, archive and registered museum in Freemasons Hall covering Freemasonry and other fraternal orders. The Library and Museum is a Charitable Trust and is registered with the Charity Commission (Registered Charity number 1058497).
In 2007 the collection of The Library and Museum of Freemasonry was recognised through the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council’s Designation Scheme as being of outstanding quality and significance and of national and international importance.[5]
The Library and Museum is open to the general public from Monday to Friday 10am–5pm and entry is free of charge. The Museum has a collection of objects with Masonic decoration, including clocks, furniture, glassware, jewellery, porcelain, pottery, regalia and silver. Displayed items include belongings of famous Freemasons such as King Edward VII and Winston Churchill. The Library and Museum also has one of the most comprehensive collections of Friendly Societies material in Europe, including books and museum artefacts relating to all the major friendly and fraternal societies, items are on display in the Museum gallery, which can be viewed by contacting the curator or one of his staff [6]
Hourly tours of the building are given starting from the Library and Museum, including a tour of the Grand Temple. There are 5 tours a day at 11am, 12noon, 2pm, 3pm and 4pm. Saturday tours must be pre-booked, and there is only one extended tour at 10.30am. There is a booking fee of £1 per person for Saturday tours. To book a tour telephone 020 7395 9251.[7]
The Library is open to the public for reference use and users are required to register. The Library contains a comprehensive collection of printed books and manuscripts on every facet of Freemasonry in England, as well as material on Freemasonry elsewhere in the world, and on subjects associated with Freemasonry or with mystical and esoteric traditions. The Library catalogue is available online.[8]
In addition to its core Masonic collections, The Library and Museum of Freemasonry holds a wide selection of items relating to Friendly Societies such as the Oddfellows, Foresters and many other societies both current and no longer in existence. A large collection of Friendly Societies books, especially relating to the Oddfellows and the Foresters, are also held by the Library.
The Library and Museum provides a genealogical enquiry service. However, there is no complete alphabetical index of Freemasons' publicly available.[9] They also hold regular study days and a large summer exhibition each year, as well as several smaller exhibitions during the course of the year.
Recent seasonal exhibitions have included one on the subject of Masonic Dining (July to September 2008), and another celebrating the Centenary of the Order of Women Freemasons (June to December 2008). The current exhibition in the Library for 2016, is on the Royal Masonic Hospital, while the main exhibition is '300 Years of Freemasonry' in recognition of the Order's tercentenary in 2017. Admission to seasonal exhibitions is free.[10]
Other facilities
In addition to the Grand Temple, the other temples, and the Library and Museum, the building contains extensive administrative offices, storage space for the property of the many hundreds of lodges meeting in the building, a masonic shop (open to the public during normal trading hours), board rooms, workshops, archives, a members' drawing room, and an entire floor of charities administration, where the combined masonic charities have their administration.
The Metropolitan Grand Lodge of London is also administered from the building. It has around 40,000 Freemasons as members, which makes it the largest of the Masonic provinces. [11]
Architectural Fittings
Throughout the building Robert Adams (Victor) range of floor springs are used to control the doors, including the "Sceptre Victor." windows are also controlled by Robert Adams geared fan light operators.[12]
Recent uses and popular culture
Brother Luke Howard (Eleanor Cross Lodge No.1764 in the province of Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire, ) was passed in the Second Degree on 25th March 2017 in celebration of the Tercentenary of Freemasonry. This was an historic moment for the province, as it was its first ceremony within the Grand Temple. Masons from around the province attended to witness Bro Luke's passing upon which he was entrusted with the knowledge of the Second Degree.
In 2016, a part of the movie Assassin's Creed was filmed in the Grand Temple.[13]
Like Sandby's Grand Hall, the Grand Temple is also used for concerts and musical events – having excellent acoustics and clear sight-lines. In September 2014, Freemasons' Hall hosted several fashion shows as a part of London Fashion Week 2014.[14]
The building is used both internally and externally as a stand-in for Thames House (the home of MI5) in the TV series Spooks[15] and in the TV series Spy[citation needed] and has also featured extensively in the long-running series of TV films Agatha Christie's Poirot. The building makes frequent one-off appearances in episodes of other television series, such as its extensive use in Hustle, series 5, episode 2. Both its exterior and interior were used in an episode of New Tricks, and the interior has been used for the film adaptation of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy where Freemasons' Hall becomes the temple in which the "Jatravartid" people pray for "the coming of the Great White Handkerchief". It has also been used in many other feature films, including Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London, The Wings of the Dove, Johnny English, Sherlock Holmes,[16] and the television adaptation of The Line of Beauty. The building has also featured as a backdrop in music videos, including extensive use (internally and externally) in the music video for the Westlife single Mandy.
The 2013 crypto-thriller The Sword of Moses by Dominic Selwood has numerous scenes set in Freemasons' Hall.[17]
See also
- Freemasonry
- Mark Masons' Hall, London
- National Heritage Museum of Freemasonry, Lexington, Massachusetts
Notes
- ^ There were several early masonic grand lodges. The term "premier" refers to the grand lodge created in London in 1717.
- ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database ({{{num}}})". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
- ^ Chilton, H.F.D. (March 1949). "The doors of the Temple". Masonic Record.
- ^ Haunch, Terrance O (1983). Freemasons' Hall: the home and heritage of the Craft. London: United Grand Lodge of England. ISBN 0-901075-09-4.
- ^ Museums, Libraries and Archives Council "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Search the Collections | The Library and Museum of Freemasonry". Freemasonry.london.museum. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Museum Tours "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Catalogue Service http://www.freemasonry.london.museum/catalogue.php
- ^ Museum Website "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Current Exhibitions "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "London Masonry ~ supporting the community". 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ^ "Blog". Midlands Floor Springs Limited. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ "Filming locations of Assassin's Creed (2016)". IMDb. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "London Fashion Week 2014 at Freemasons' Hall - Freemasonry Today". www.freemasonrytoday.com. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Thames House". MI5 - The Security Service. MI5. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Sherlock Villain Kicks Ass". IGN. 3 December 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
- ^ Farleigh, Andrew. "The Sword of Moses". The Square Magazine. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
External links
- Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden
- Art Deco architecture in London
- Masonic buildings in the United Kingdom
- Masonic memorials
- United Grand Lodge of England
- Masonic museums
- History museums in London
- Museums in the London Borough of Camden
- Libraries in the London Borough of Camden
- Masonic buildings completed in 1933