Grounding (discipline technique)
Grounding is a common discipline technique used with children and teenagers, in which the child or teen is not allowed to leave their place of residence or bedroom except for required activities such as school or work. Children and teenagers are generally not allowed to leave the house for leisure during this time.
Other possible consequences can also include removing positive reinforcements, privileges and freedom such as video games, toys, television, computers, mobile devices, Internet, and hanging out with or having friends over.[citation needed]
Grounding has been suggested as an alternative to physical discipline or spanking for behavior management in the home.[1][2] According to a 2000 review on child outcomes, "Grounding has been replicated as a more effective disciplinary alternative than spanking with teenagers."[1] Grounding can backfire if the type and duration of restrictions are too severe relative to the behavior meant to be corrected, or if the restrictions are too difficult for the parent to enforce.[3][4]
Origin
This term was used originally in aviation: when a pilot is prevented from flying an aircraft due to misconduct, illness, technical problems with the aircraft, or other reasons, the pilot is "grounded".[5]
References
- ^ a b Larzelere, Robert E. (2000), "Child Outcomes of Nonabusive and Customary Physical Punishment by Parents: An Updated Literature Review" (PDF), Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 3 (4): 199, PMID 11225737
- ^ Wang, Ming-Te; Kenny, Sarah (2014), "Parental Physical Punishment and Adolescent Adjustment: Bidirectionality and the Moderation Effects of Child Ethnicity and Parental Warmth", Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42 (5): 717, doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9827-8, PMID 24384596
- ^ Eaves, Susan H.; Sheperis, Carl J.; Blanchard, Tracy; et al. (2005), "Teaching Time-Out and Job Card Grounding Procedures to Parents: A Primer for Family Counselors", Family Journal Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 13 (3): 252, doi:10.1177/1066480704273638
{{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|first3=(help) - ^ O'Grady, Colleen (November 15, 2015), Dial Down the Drama, AMACOM, ISBN 978-0-8144-3656-1
- ^ "grounded, adj.", Oxford English Dictionary, no. 8, Oxford University Press