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2009 Indonesian presidential election

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Indonesian presidential election, 2009
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Nominee Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Megawati Sukarnoputri Jusuf Kalla
Party Demokrat PDI-P Golkar
Running mate Boediono Prabowo Subianto Wiranto
Popular vote 73,874,562 32,548,105 15,081,814
Percentage 60.80% 26.79% 12.41%
Results of the election showing the candidates with the largest share of votes in each of the 33 provinces of Indonesia. Megawati Sukarnoputri: red; Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: blue; Jusuf Kalla: yellow.[1]
President before election

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Demokrat

Elected President

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Demokrat

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Indonesia
National government
Pancasila (national philosophy)
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
  • Chairman Hasyim Asy'ari
Political parties
Foreign relations

Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009. The elections returned a president and vice president for the 2009–2014 period. A run-off election was scheduled to be held on 8 September if needed,[2] but President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won more than 60% of the vote in the first round, which enabled him to secure reelection without a run-off.[3] Yudhoyono was officially declared the victor of the election on 23 July 2009, by the General Election Commission.[4]

Background

This was the second election in which Indonesians elected their President and Vice President directly. In 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in a run-off election. Polls through early January 2009 saw Yudhoyono leading a large field of potential presidential candidates.[5]

Incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla announced in February 2009 that he would not be returning as a vice presidential candidate with Yudhoyono. Instead, he was ready to challenge Yudhoyono should Golkar, the party which he chaired, nominate him as a presidential candidate.[6] Other individuals interested in becoming presidential candidates included former President Abdurrahman Wahid,[7] former People's Representative Council Speaker Akbar Tandjung,[8] Yogyakarta Sultan Hamengkubuwana X,[9] and former Jakarta Governor Sutiyoso.[10]

On 17 February, the Constitutional Court ruled that independent candidates would not be allowed to run in the election.[11]

Coalition talks

Following legislative elections held on 9 April, coalitions of political parties began to emerge in order to nominate candidates for President and Vice President. Under the 2008 Presidential Election Law, the candidates must be nominated by a party or coalition that won at least 25% of the popular vote or 112 (20%) of 560 seats of the People's Representative Council.[12] Indonesia's Constitutional Court also ruled that independent candidates would not be allowed to run.[13] Candidates had to officially register with the General Election Commission by midnight of 16 May in order to appear on the ballots.[14]

It initially appeared that Golkar, the party of incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla, would enter into a coalition with the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI–P) of former president Megawati Sukarnoputri to challenge President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Democratic Party. However, talks were broken off on 13 April 2009, with Golkar reportedly more interested in continuing the coalition with Yudhoyono rather than risk being cut off from power completely. Yudhoyono was also in talks with Islamist parties in a bid to form a coalition controlling more than half the seats in parliament.[15][16][17]

By late April 2009, Golkar was in talks with smaller parties to gain the votes it lacked to be able to nominate Kalla as a presidential candidate.[18] A ten-party coalition was formed on 1 May, consisting of Golkar, PDI–P, the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), the People's Conscience Party (Hanura), the Prosperous Peace Party (PDS), the Reform Star Party (PBR), the Ulema National Awakening Party (PKNU), the National People's Concern Party (PPRN), the Labor Party and the Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party (PPNUI). Two parties who had been considering joining the coalition, the National Mandate Party (PAN) and the United Development Party (PPP), in the end decided not to join.[19] Shortly after the ten-party coalition was announced, incumbent Vice President Kalla announced a joint ticket with former Indonesian military leader Wiranto.[20]

The PDI–P selected former president Megawati as its presidential candidate on 7 May but did not immediately announce a running mate.[21] The possibility of Gerindra leader Prabowo Subianto becoming Megawati's running mate had been favored by PDI–P leadership, but the two parties had yet to come to an agreement two days before the 16 May candidate registration deadline.[22][23] After plans to announce the pair's candidacy were postponed to allow for continuing negotiations, both parties eventually declared on 15 May the nomination of Megawati and Prabowo as candidates for president and vice president.[24]

In the scenario that either Kalla or Megawati would have lost his or her bid for the presidency in the first election round, one candidate would have supported the other in the second round, as agreed upon by the grand coalition formed to oppose incumbent President Yudhoyono.[25]

On 12 May 2009, Yudhoyono chose Boediono, the governor of Bank Indonesia (Indonesia's central bank), as his running mate.[26] Four parties which had planned to form a coalition with Yudhoyono's Democratic Party (PAN, PPP, the National Awakening Party (PKB), and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS)) had expected that the vice presidential nominee would come from one of their parties. Although they threatened to form their own coalition with Gerindra and present their own candidate, PKB became the first party in the coalition to support Yudhoyono's decision.[27][28] The remaining three parties eventually agreed to support the Yudhoyono–Boediono ticket and attended the nomination ceremony in Bandung on 15 May.[29]

Candidates

Nominees for president and vice president registered their candidacy at the central General Election Commission office in Jakarta on 16 May. Candidates underwent physical and psychological evaluations at Gatot Subroto Army Hospital following registration. Personality tests were also conducted using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.[30][31]

Megawati Sukarnoputri and Prabowo Subianto

The pair of Megawati Sukarnoputri and Prabowo Subianto is referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as Mega–Pro.[32] These two candidates belong to opposing ideological backgrounds. Prabowo's father, Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, was a political enemy of Megawati's father, former President Sukarno.[33]

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Boediono

Initially, the pair of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Boediono was referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as SBY Berbudi.[32] Three days after the slogan was announced, the campaign team had changed its name to SBY–Boediono due to concerns that the term berbudi was not as well known outside Java.[34]

Jusuf Kalla and Wiranto

The pair of Jusuf Kalla and Wiranto is referred to colloquially by the Indonesian media as JK–Win.[32]

Schedule

File:Indonesia2009PresElectCampaign.jpg
A campaign poster for Jusuf Kalla–Wiranto pointing out that the incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's wife does not wear the Islamic headscarf, whereas their wives do. In the background, buses carrying supporters of SBY to a campaign rally at Jakarta's main stadium.

Candidates had to register from 10–16 May, with medical checks, which they all passed,[35] from 11–15 May.[36] The candidates were officially announced on 28 May[37] and drew their ballot numbers at the General Election Commission building on 31 May.[38] Megawati–Prabowo drew number 1, SBY–Boediono number 2 and Kalla–Wiranto number 3.[38]

The presidential election campaign began on 2 June and ran until 4 July, with mass rallies allowed from 12 June onwards. Those participating in the campaign, were not allowed to question the basis of the Indonesian state, insult the race or religion of candidates, use threats or violence or give financial or material incentives to voters.[39] There were a series of debates between 18 June and 2 July that were carried live on Indonesian television, three between the presidential candidates and two between the vice-presidential candidates. The topics for these two-hour debates were agreed in advance, and by common consent, did not explicitly include human rights issues.[40]

After a two-day "silent period", voting took place on 8 July. National election results are due to be announced between 27 and 29 July. Following a period to allow for legal challenges, the final results will be announced between 1 and 12 August. If the election goes to a second round, the second campaign period will run from 15 July – 7 September, with the vote on 8 September. The final result is due to be announced on 8 October, with the president and vice-president being sworn in by the head of the Supreme Court on 20 October.[36]

Election results

Official results

Template:Indonesian presidential election, 2009

Quick count results

Organization Megawati – Prabowo SBY – Boediono Jusuf Kalla – Wiranto
Cirus Surveyor Group 27.49% 60.20% 12.31%
Indonesian Survey Circle 27.36% 60.15% 12.49%
Indonesian Survey Institute 26.56% 60.85% 12.59%
Information Research Institute 27.02% 61.11% 11.87%
LP3ES 27.40% 60.28% 12.32%
Metro TV 27.45% 59.18% 13.37%
Puskaptis 28.16% 57.95% 13.89%
Source: The Jakarta Post,[41] Metro TV,[42] detikcom[43]

See also

References

  1. ^ General Elections Commission Results Tabulation
  2. ^ Yang, Lina (2009-01-23). "Indonesia's presidential election day set at July 8". Xinhua. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  3. ^ "Indonesia's president re-elected: No wonder why with SBY". The Economist. 2009-07-09. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
  4. ^ Andra Wisnu (24 July 2009). "SBY officially declared winner". The Jakarta Post. p. 2.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ^ "More Support New Susilo Term in Indonesia". Angus Reid Global Monitor. 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  6. ^ Adamrah, Mustaqim (2009-02-21). "Kalla ready to challenge SBY in polls". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  7. ^ "Abdurrahman Wahid plans new bid for Indonesian presidency". Radio Australia. 2008-07-17. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  8. ^ "Akbar Tanjung ready to join next year's presidential election". ANTARA. 2008-05-25. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  9. ^ "Indonesian sultan to run for president". ANTARA. 2008-10-29. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  10. ^ Template:Id "Sutiyoso Berpeluang Besar Jika Cermat Pilih Cawapres". Suara Merdeka. 2007-10-02. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  11. ^ Pasandaran, Camelia (2009-02-18). "Court Rules Out Independent Candidates for '09". Jakarta Globe. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ^ "Many votes to count". The Economist. 2009-04-09. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  13. ^ "23 Parties Join Forces To Fight Election Limits". Jakarta Globe. 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2009-05-16. [dead link]
  14. ^ "KPU urge presidential candidates to register before deadline passed". The Jakarta Post. 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2009-05-16. [dead link]
  15. ^ Ali, Muklis (2009-04-13). "Indonesia president's party eyes Golkar, Islamist pact". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  16. ^ "Democrat Party Exploring Coalition With Golkar". Bernama.com. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  17. ^ "Indonesia coalition talks 'near'". BBC. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  18. ^ "Indonesia's second largest party seeks coalition with small parties". People's Daily. 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  19. ^ Christanto, Dicky (2009-05-01). "Political parties ink coalition agreement". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  20. ^ "Indonesia's Kalla, Wiranto in presidency run". Agence France-Presse. 2009-05-01. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  21. ^ "Indonesia's PDIP Party officially nominates Megawati as presidential candidate". People's Daily. 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
  22. ^ Sihaloho, Markus Junianto (2009-05-02). "PDI-P to Announce Megawati's Mate". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 2009-05-14. [dead link]
  23. ^ Sihaloho, Markus Junianto; Hutapea, Febriamy (2009-05-15). "Mega's Hopes Go Down to The Wire". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 2009-05-15. [dead link]
  24. ^ Hutapea, Febriamy; Sihaloho, Markus Junianto (2009-05-16). "With Mega and Prabowo In, A Three-Horse Race Begins". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 2009-05-16. [dead link]
  25. ^ Template:Id Suhartono (2009-05-16). "JK-Win dan Mega-Pro Akan Saling Dukung". Kompas. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  26. ^ Template:Id "SBY Akhirnya Pilih Boediono". Kompas. 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2009-05-14. [dead link]
  27. ^ "President Susilo's party allies threaten to withdraw support". People's Daily. 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  28. ^ "PKB firm in its support for SBY-Boediono presidential ticket". ANTARA. 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  29. ^ "Islamic Allies Give Nod to SBY's Choice And Return to the Coalition Talks Table". Jakarta Globe. 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2009-05-16. [dead link]
  30. ^ Template:Id "Tiga Bakal Capres/Cawapres Mendaftar Ke KPU". Komisi Pemilihan Umum. 2009-05-16. Retrieved 2009-05-16.
  31. ^ "Presidential and vice presidential hopefuls undergo screening". The Jakarta Post. 2009-05-17. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  32. ^ a b c Template:Id Ulag, Luther (2009-05-16). "SBY Dapat Lawan Tangguh". Suara Pembaruan. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  33. ^ Template:Id Tamatnya Ideologi dan Latar Belakang (flv) (Television production). Jakarta: Media Indonesia. 2009-04-28. Event occurs at 2:05. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  34. ^ Template:Id "Slogan SBY Berbudi Diganti SBY-Boediono". Kompas. 2009-05-18. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  35. ^ "The return of election fever". The Jakarta Post. 4 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  36. ^ a b SCHEDULE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS INDONESIA 2009 at KPU website
  37. ^ "Campaigns Ignore KPU Rule". Jakarta Globe. 29 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  38. ^ a b "Megawati Gives SBY Cold Shoulder". Jakarta Globe. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  39. ^ Campaign Leaflet from the General Elections Commission Indonesian
  40. ^ "Presidential hopefuls to debate poverty, unemployment". The Jakarta Post. 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  41. ^ "Quick Counts of Presidential Election 2009". The Jakarta Post. 9 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-11.
  42. ^ http://www.metrotvnews.com/index.php/metromain/qc
  43. ^ http://pemilu.detiknews.com/presquickcount
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