Jump to content

Jane Addams: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
rm extra wordUndid revision 246904861 by 71.102.138.219 (talk)
Line 13: Line 13:
''' Jane Addams''' (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the [[U.S.]] [[Settlement House]] movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].
''' Jane Addams''' (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the [[U.S.]] [[Settlement House]] movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].


ROBBIE IS A FAG ROFL
==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Cedarville, Illinois]], Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous, loving family.<ref name= Nobel>{{cite book | last = Haberman | first = Frederick | title = Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950 | publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company | date = 1972 | location = Amsterdam | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams-bio.html }}</ref> Her mother was Sarah Addams ([[married and maiden names|née]] Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator [[John H. Addams]].<ref name = NYT> {{cite news | title = Jane Addams A Foe of War and Need | work = [[New York Times]]| date = May 22, 1935 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0906.html | accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> She was a first cousin twice removed to [[Charles Addams]], noted cartoonist for ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>Davis, Linda H. ''Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life''. Random House, Inc. 2006.</ref> She was born with a [[congenital]] [[spine|spinal]] defect; although it was later corrected by surgery, it affected her health throughout her life.<ref name = Nobel/>
Born in [[Cedarville, Illinois]], Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous, loving family.<ref name= Nobel>{{cite book | last = Haberman | first = Frederick | title = Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950 | publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company | date = 1972 | location = Amsterdam | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams-bio.html }}</ref> Her mother was Sarah Addams ([[married and maiden names|née]] Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator [[John H. Addams]].<ref name = NYT> {{cite news | title = Jane Addams A Foe of War and Need | work = [[New York Times]]| date = May 22, 1935 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0906.html | accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> She was a first cousin twice removed to [[Charles Addams]], noted cartoonist for ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>Davis, Linda H. ''Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life''. Random House, Inc. 2006.</ref> She was born with a [[congenital]] [[spine|spinal]] defect; although it was later corrected by surgery, it affected her health throughout her life.<ref name = Nobel/>

Revision as of 15:47, 22 October 2008

Jane Addams
Born(1860-09-06)September 6, 1860
Cedarville, Illinois
DiedMay 21, 1935(1935-05-21) (aged 74)
Chicago, Illinois
OccupationActivist
Parent(s)John H. Addams and Sarah Weber

Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the U.S. Settlement House movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

ROBBIE IS A FAG ROFL

Biography

Born in Cedarville, Illinois, Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous, loving family.[1] Her mother was Sarah Addams (née Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator John H. Addams.[2] She was a first cousin twice removed to Charles Addams, noted cartoonist for The New Yorker.[3] She was born with a congenital spinal defect; although it was later corrected by surgery, it affected her health throughout her life.[1]

Addams' father encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the United States and Europe, graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now Rockford College) in Rockford, Illinois. After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in medicine, but her parents felt that she should not forget the prospect of marriage and motherhood, expected of upper-class young women of the time. While in London, Addams was influenced by an essay, The Bitter Cry of Outcast London,[4] which highlighted slum conditions.[5] She visited Europe when she was 27 years old, visiting Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in the East End of London.[5]

Hull House

Jane Addams in a car, 1915

In 1889 she and her close friend Ellen Gates Starr,[6] co-founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, one of the first settlement houses in the United States. At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around 2000 people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, kindergarten classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an art gallery, a coffeehouse, a gymnasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a book bindery, a music school, a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. Her adult night school was a forerunner of the continuing education classes offered by many universities today.

Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915

Hull House also served as a women's sociological institution. Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the Chicago School of Sociology, influencing their thought through her work in applied sociology and, in 1893, co-authoring the Hull-House Maps and Papers that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. She worked with George H. Mead on social reform issues including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and the mediating during the 1910 Garment Workers' Strike. Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "social work", Addams did not consider herself a social worker. She combined the central concepts of symbolic interactionism with the theories of cultural feminism and pragmatism to form her sociological ideas. [7]

Addams was Hull House's first resident. In 1910, she said that she wanted to live in a place where "idealism ran high". [8] Starr read George Eliot's "Romola" to listeners, while another volunteer, Jenny Dow, started a kindergarten. [9]

Hull House also offered an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the Juvenile Protective Association, the first juvenile court in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic.[10]

Peace Movement

Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911

Addams helped organize the Women's Peace Party and the International Congress of Women in an effort to avert the first World War. In 1917, after the United States entered WWI, she was expelled from the Daughters of the American Revolution.

In 1920 she was elected first president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the successor organization to the Women's Peace Party. She continued in the presidency until her death.

Addams was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Personal relationships

Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull Houses's programmes. Her closest adult companion and friend was Mary Rozet Smith, who supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in Bar Harbor, Maine.

The exact nature of their relationship has become a controversy after her death, with some historians believing Addams was a lesbian and in love with Smith, and others calling their relationship a romantic friendship, saying that while the women loved each other and lived together, that did not necessarily indicate a sexual relationship.[11][12][13][14][15]

Legacy

File:Addams.JPG
A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in The American Adventure in the World Showcase pavilion of Walt Disney World's Epcot.

Jane Addams was a member of the NAACP, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, and the first vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1911. In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the Juvenile Protective Association, a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect. She was also actively involved with Pi Gamma Mu, the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom commissioned Canadian artist Christian Cardell Corbet to create a bronze medallion of Jane Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. The medallion has since been collected by several important museums.

The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, give the annual Jane Addams Children's Book Awards to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.

A 2007 joint resolution of the Illinois General Assembly, HJR 19 (Currie), would rename the Northwest Tollway as the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway.

Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1947 at Connecticut College.

Jane Addams Business Careers Center is a high school in Cleveland, Ohio.

The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is 12.85 miles (20.68 km) long, and is part of the larger Grand Illinois Trail, which is over 575 miles (925 km) long. [16] The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois.[17]

See also

References

Jane Addams on a US postage stamp of 1940
  1. ^ a b Haberman, Frederick (1972). Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company.
  2. ^ "Jane Addams A Foe of War and Need". New York Times. May 22, 1935. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
  3. ^ Davis, Linda H. Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life. Random House, Inc. 2006.
  4. ^ Rev Andrew Mearns 1883 http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php
  5. ^ a b Hall, Peter (2002). "Chapter 2". Cities of Tomorrow. Blackwell Publishing.
  6. ^ Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People By Deana F. Morrow, Lori Messinger, p.9
  7. ^ Deegan, 1988
  8. ^ 1910, 101
  9. ^ 1910
  10. ^ The "Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic" was later called the "Institute for Juvenile Research", see: "Jane Addams Hull-House Museum at the University of Illinois at Chigao". Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  11. ^ Sarah Holmes, Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History, London, 2000.
  12. ^ "Friends—With Benefits?", By Robert Loerzel, Chicago Magazine, June 2008.
  13. ^ "Community discusses ‘recovery’ of Jane Addams as lesbian", By Matt Simonette, May 14, 2008, Chicago Free Press.
  14. ^ "Hull-House Museum poses the question `Was Jane Addams a Lesbian?'", By Nara Schoenberg, 13 February 2007, Chicago Tribune. Online at AccessMyLibrary.com
  15. ^ The Education of Jane Addams, By Victoria Bissell Brown, page 361. Online at Google Books.
  16. ^ Grand Illinois Trail Guide - bikeGIT.org. Hosted by the League of Illinois Bicyclists
  17. ^ Jane Addams Trail – Part of the Grand Illinois Trail

Further reading

  • Bowen, Louise de Koven. Growing up with Pity. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
  • Deegan, Mary. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
  • Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Polacheck, Hilda Satt. I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
Wikisource has original works by or about:
Jane Addams
Wikiquote has quotations related to Jane Addams.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jane Addams.

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane_Addams&oldid=246965711"