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KMOV, virtual channel 4 (UHF digital channel 24), is a CBS–affiliated television station located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The station is owned by the Meredith Corporation. KMOV maintains studio and office facilities located at the Gateway Tower at 1 Memorial Drive in Downtown St. Louis, near the Gateway Arch, and its transmitter is located in Lemay.

History

Early history

The station first signed on the air on July 8, 1954 as KWK-TV. At its launch, channel 4 was owned by a consortium that included jointly owned by Robert T. Convey (28%) and the Newhouse Newspapers-published St. Louis Globe-Democrat (23%), who jointly operated KWK radio (1380 AM, now KXFN); Elzey M. Roberts Sr., former owner of KXOK radio (630 AM, frequency now occupied by KYFI), which had to be sold as a condition of the license grant, which was sold in accordance with merger agreement (23%); and Missouri Valley Television Inc., made up of Saint Paul, Minnesota-based Hubbard Broadcasting (23%) and several St. Louis residents (combined 3%).[1]

Each of the station's part-owners had competed individually for the channel 4 construction permit before agreeing to merge their interests only three months before the station went on the air.[2] Upon signing-on KWK-TV took the CBS affiliation from Belleville, Illinois-licensed WTVI (channel 54, now KTVI channel 2). Until 1955, it also aired ABC programs that WTVI declined to broadcast. The station's original studios, built by KWK radio in anticipation of television, were located on Cole Street in Downtown West.[3]

As a CBS owned-and-operated station

However, CBS was planning to operate its own television station in St. Louis alongside its powerhouse radio station, KMOX (1120 AM). The network originally won the permit to build a new station on channel 11 – the last remaining commercial VHF channel in St. Louis – in January 1957.[4] But after being approached with an offer, CBS decided in August of that year to buy KWK-TV instead for US$4 million.[5] The agreement required CBS to give up its construction permit for channel 11, and the Federal Communications Commission transferred it to one of the failed applicants, a group led by St. Louis hotelier Harold Koplar, for no financial consideration.[6] Almost immediately, the deal was held up after the St. Louis Amusement Company, another of the original applicants for channel 11, protested to the United States Court of Appeals in January 1958.[7] The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately upheld the decision in November of that year.[8] CBS had already taken control of channel 4's operations that March, and changed its call letters to KMOX-TV in reference to its new radio sister.[9] The following April, channel 11 signed on as independent station KPLR-TV.[10]

In July 1968, CBS opened a new studio and office facility in downtown St. Louis to house the KMOX stations, which until that point had been operating from separate locations (KMOX radio was headquartered near Forest Park).[11] Channel 4 moved from Cole Street into the new facility, known as One Memorial Drive, and remains there to the present day; the Cole Street studio was soon acquired by KDNL-TV (channel 30), which has operated from there since it signed-on in June 1969.

Viacom ownership

By late 1985, CBS was in rough financial straits, an after-effect of successfully fending off a hostile takeover attempt by Ted Turner the year before. CBS spent the latter portion of 1985 repurchasing a large portion of its stock to help block the Turner takeover. Once Turner sold his stock, CBS was saddled with significant debt and needed to raise money.[12] Not long after Laurence Tisch became the company's chairman, CBS decided to sell KMOX-TV, at the time its smallest owned-and-operated television station by market size.[13] On May 16, 1986, former CBS subsidiary and future parent company Viacom (through its Viacom International Television, Inc. subsidiary) completed its $122.5 million purchase of the station and slightly modified its callsign replacing the X with a V calling themselves KMOV almost a month later on June 18.[14][15] Despite the sale, channel 4's operations continued to be based alongside KMOX radio at their downtown studios on Memorial Drive; KMOX would relocate from that building in 2012.

As a CBS-owned station, channel 4 cleared the entire network schedule. When Viacom took over in 1986, this changed rather drastically. KMOV began signing off the air at night, thus preempting the overnight news program CBS News Nightwatch. A barrage of scattered primetime preemptions later followed that was so rampant, the station earned a mention in Ken Auletta's 1991 book, Three Blind Mice. KMOV randomly replaced CBS prime-time shows with programming such as Billy Graham Crusades and National Geographic specials, syndicated movie packages, and occasional sporting events, all of which allowed the station and Viacom full control of the ad time airing during the pre-emptions. According to Auletta, KMOV preempted 103 hours of CBS primetime programs in 1987, accounting for nearly 10 percent of the network primetime schedule.[16] In the 1990s, the primetime preemptions eased as all networks began to tighten down contractually on heavy pre-emptions, and currently, the station only occasionally preempts a CBS primetime show, usually only for breaking news reasons. The station also resumed a 24-hour broadcast schedule in the early 1990s.

Viacom purchased Paramount Pictures in 1993, and merged its five-station group (KMOV; WHEC-TV in Rochester, New York; WNYT in Albany, New York; WVIT in New Britain, Connecticut; and KSLA-TV in Shreveport, Louisiana) into the Paramount Stations Group. However, in 1994, the company decided to divest itself of all of its major network affiliates to focus on stations that carried its then-upstart UPN network.[17]

Belo Corporation ownership

Dallas, Texas-based A. H. Belo Corporation (which was later renamed Belo Corporation in 2002) acquired KMOV in a three-way deal also involving two stations in the Seattle–Tacoma market. As part of the transaction, A. H. Belo (which spun off its broadcast holdings into a separate, similarly named company in 2008) sold KIRO-TV (included in the deal because the company had recently acquired that market's NBC affiliate KING-TV) to Cox Enterprises, who concurrently sold its existing Seattle-Tacoma station, KSTW, to Viacom.[18][19] The deal was consummated on June 1, 1997. The station also aired Blues NHL games during the 1996–97 season until their over-the-air telecasts moved back to KPLR for the 1997–98 season.

In the spring of 2013, a permanent lighted sign with the KMOV logo was installed on the top of the south face of Gateway Tower, which not only gives the station visibility on the St. Louis skyline, but is also visible in center field of wide shots of Busch Stadium during St. Louis Cardinals games.[20]

Changing hands

On June 13, 2013, the Gannett Company, owner of NBC affiliate KSDK (channel 5), announced that it would acquire Belo. As the deal would violate FCC regulations that disallow common ownership of two of the four highest-rated stations in a single market (KMOV and KSDK have ranked as the top two stations in the St. Louis market in total-day ratings for several years), Gannett would retain KSDK, while it would spin off KMOV to Sander Media, LLC (owned by former Belo executive Jack Sander). Gannett intended to provide services to the station through a shared services agreement, KMOV's operations were to remain largely separate from KSDK, including separate and competing news and sales departments.[21] However, on December 16, 2013, the United States Department of Justice threatened to block the merger unless Gannett, Belo and Sander completely divested KMOV to a government-approved third-party company that would be barred from entering into any agreements with Gannett. The DOJ claimed that Gannett and Sander would be so closely aligned that Gannett would have dominated spot advertising in St. Louis.[22] On December 23, 2013, shortly after the Gannett/Belo deal was approved and completed,[23] Des Moines, Iowa-based Meredith Corporation – which already had a broadcasting presence in Missouri through its ownership of fellow CBS affiliate KCTV in Kansas City – announced that it would purchase KMOV, along with KTVK and KASW in Phoenix (the latter of which Meredith would later sell to the Nexstar Broadcasting Group) for $407.5 million.[24] The sale of KMOV was completed on February 28, 2014.[25]

More than a year later on September 8, 2015, Richmond, Virginia-based Media General announced that it would acquire Meredith for $2.4 billion. If it had been completed, it would have marked KMOV's third ownership shift since 2013.[26][27] Media General would eventually shelve the Meredith deal in favor of a counter-offer by Nexstar.[28][29]

Digital television

Digital channels

The station's digital channel is multiplexed:

Channel Video Aspect PSIP Short Name Programming[30]
4.1 1080i 16:9 KMOV-HD Main KMOV programming / CBS
4.2 480i KMOV-Me MeTV
4.3 KMOV-My MyNetworkTV

On February 17, 2014, KMOV dropped the Live Well Network, as Meredith planned on using the bandwidth utilized from digital channel 4.3 for the station's ATSC M/H mobile DTV signal.[31] On November 17, 2014, KMOV relaunched 4.3 as "MyTV St. Louis", returning MyNetworkTV (and some syndicated programming) to the market after a nine-month absence due to former affiliate WRBU (channel 46)'s sale to Ion Media Networks and that station's wholesale conversion into an Ion Television owned-and-operated station.[32]

Analog-to-digital conversion

KMOV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 4, on June 12, 2009, the official date in which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal moved from its pre-transition UHF channel 56, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to UHF channel 24 (which was previously used for the analog signal of KNLC).[33][34] Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers continues to display the station's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 4.1.

Programming

Syndicated programs broadcast on KMOV (as of September 2014) include Dr. Phil, Inside Edition, White Collar, Blue Bloods, and Entertainment Tonight. Syndicated programs broadcast on KMOV-DT3 include Divorce Court, Cougar Town, Hot in Cleveland, Lauren Lake's Paternity Court and Scandal. KMOV carries the entire CBS network schedule on its main channel (as well as the entire MyNetworkTV schedule on digital channel 4.3); however, the station pre-empts the second hour of CBS This Morning Saturday.

From 1987 until September 11, 2015, KMOV aired The Young and the Restless on a same-day delay at 4:00 p.m. (serving as a lead-in for its early-evening newscasts), with The Price Is Right airing on a one-hour delay at 11:00 a.m.; KMOV also delayed The Late Late Show by a half-hour since 1997 under original host Tom Snyder (one of several CBS stations that have done this practice), in order to run syndicated programming after the Late Show with David Letterman (KMOV completely preempted The Late Late Show during the program's first two years on the air). On September 14, 2015, KMOV moved The Price Is Right, The Young and the Restless and The Late Late Show to their recommended network time periods with the first full season under Meredith ownership, with the relocation of the former two shows occurring as a result of the launch of a half-hour 4:00 p.m. newscast.[35]

Local programming

News operation

File:KMOV news open.png
Former news open.

KMOV presently broadcasts 28½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 4½ hours on weekdays, and three hours each on Saturdays and Sundays). In addition, the station produces the half-hour sports wrap-up program Sports Sunday, which airs on Sundays after the 10:00 p.m. newscast. Many members of KMOV's on-air news staff have moved on to work for national news organizations (Richelle Carey and meteorologist Reynolds Wolf, for example, both joined CNN in 2006). While it would seem like a positive aspect, the "revolving door" turnover rate of its anchors and reporters has been one of KMOV's weaknesses over the years, leading to the unfamiliarity that many of the station's on-air personalities have in the market. Though this may have initially caused some issues for KMOV, ratings for channel 4's newscasts have since increased. Since the departure of Karen Foss from KSDK in December 2006, Larry Conners assumed the title of the longest-serving 10:00 p.m. news anchor in the market until he was fired by the station in 2013 due to IRS comments on Facebook.[36] Connors filed a discrimination lawsuit against KMOV.[37]

In 1976, channel 4 became the second station to adopt Dick Marx's "WBBM Channel 2 News Theme", that eventually became the de facto official newscast music for CBS' owned-and-operated stations. The theme was dropped by the station in 1986 after Viacom took control, though from 2001 to 2008, the station used the Frank Gari-composed "CBS Enforcer Music Collection", which uses a music signature derived from the WBBM package. Ironically from 1989 to 1992, KMOV used Gari's "News Series 2000", which was traditionally associated with ABC stations, as its news theme.

KMOX-TV led the ratings in St. Louis for most of the period from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, as was common with most of its CBS-owned sister stations. From the early 1980s until recently, KMOX-TV/KMOV was a solid, if distant, runner-up to KSDK. However until the mid-1990s, the station had to fend off spirited competition from KTVI. Although KMOV's newscasts were critically favored, they were rarely rewarded with a ratings win over long-dominant KSDK, with the 10 p.m. newscast regularly winning at least a 20% share in viewership, while KSDK averaged about a 30% share. KMOV has seen significant ratings growth since 2004, and beat KSDK at 10 p.m. both during the November 2004 sweeps period – the first time in over a quarter-century that KSDK did not place first in any timeslot – and during the May[38] and November 2006 sweeps periods; it also became the most-watched late evening newscast in the United States during the latter period. Most of the ratings growth at 10 p.m. was attributed to CBS' primetime ratings increases and NBC's large drop in viewership. However, KMOV also saw growth in all of its other newscast timeslots, even where the station does not benefit from a strong CBS lead-in.[39] Starting in late 2013, KMOV started to dominate the news ratings in most newscasts, winning the noon, 5:00, 6:00 and 10:00 p.m. time slots, while KSDK plummeted to third place at 5:00 and 6:00 p.m. for the first time in that station's history. Despite the firing of longtime anchor Larry Conners by the station in May 2013, KMOV has placed first among the market's 10:00 p.m. newscast in every demographic every month since that time.

On January 27, 2008, beginning with its 5:30 p.m. newscast, KMOV became the second television station in the St. Louis market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition (after KSDK, which has produced its newscasts in the format since 2006).

On-air staff

Notable current on-air staff

Notable former on-air staff

Other locally produced programming

In February 2002, KMOV partnered with the St. Louis Post-Dispatch to produce the weekly news discussion program Extra Edition, hosted by now-former weekday morning anchor Marc Cox. In 2003, KMOV began producing At the Zoo, a program that gives a behind-the-scenes look inside the St. Louis Zoo and was hosted by meteorologist Kent Ehrhardt (encore presentations of older episodes aired from 2009 to 2011). In September 2008, KMOV premiered Great Day St. Louis, an hour-long daytime talk show, mostly focusing on entertainment and lifestyle topics in the St. Louis area (the show is currently hosted by Matt Chambers, Kent Ehrhardt, and Laura Hettiger). In January 2011, KMOV debuted At the Center, which features an inside look at attractions at the St. Louis Science Center.

References

  1. ^ "KWK-TV begins; six others ready." Broadcasting – Telecasting, July 12, 1954, pg. 68.
  2. ^ "St. Louis Ch. 4 grant proposed after merger." Broadcasting – Telecasting, April 19, 1954, pg. 60.
  3. ^ "KWK celebrates 23rd anniversary." St. Louis Advertising Club Weekly, March 20, 1950.
  4. ^ "FCC acts to clear key market V's." Broadcasting – Telecasting, January 21, 1957, pp. 35-37. [1][2][3]
  5. ^ "CBS buys KWK-TV for $4 million." Broadcasting – Telecasting, September 30, 1957, pg. 48.
  6. ^ "New alignment set for St. Louis TV." Broadcasting – Telecasting, October 28, 1957, pg. 73.
  7. ^ "Court issues temporary stay in St. Louis ch. 11 situation." Broadcasting – Telecasting, January 6, 1958, pg. 74.
  8. ^ "Supreme Court refuses plea to upset St. Louis TV grant." Broadcasting – Telecasting, November 24, 1958, pg. 79.
  9. ^ "CBS-TV takes over KWK-TV." Broadcasting – Telecasting, March 3, 1958, pg. 10.
  10. ^ "Pressed into service." Broadcasting, May 18, 1959, pg. 80.
  11. ^ "D'Arcy's new office reflects spirit of St. Louis." Broadcasting, July 15, 1968, pg. 26.
  12. ^ "The second 50 years of the Fifth Estate." Broadcasting, December 30, 1985, pg. 70.
  13. ^ "CBS puts KMOX-TV on the block." Broadcasting, October 28, 1985, pg. 110.
  14. ^ "In brief." Broadcasting, December 9, 1985, pg. 120.
  15. ^ "For the Record." Broadcasting, June 30, 1986, pg. 64. (call letter change from KMOX-TV to KMOV)
  16. ^ Auletta, Ken (1991). Three Blind Mice: How the TV Networks Lost Their Way. Random House. ISBN 0307766330.
  17. ^ Zier, Julie A., and McClellan, Steve. "Minority-led group eyes Viacom stations." Broadcasting and Cable, November 7, 1994, pp. 6. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  18. ^ McClellan, Steve. "Netlets dealing for affiliates." Broadcasting and Cable, February 24, 1997, pg. 10. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  19. ^ Seven, Richard (January 21, 1997). "CBS Link Likely To Stay With KSTW -- Buyer Experienced In Broadcast News". The Seattle Times. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
  20. ^ "New KMOV 4 CBS huge sign on Gateway Tower". Urban STL. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  21. ^ Brown, Lisa (June 13, 2013). "Gannett to buy TV station owner Belo for $1.5 billion". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
  22. ^ Eggerton, John (December 16, 2013). "Justice: Sander Can't Keep KMOV". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
  23. ^ Gannett Completes Its Acquisition of Belo, TVNewsCheck, Retrieved 23 December 2013
  24. ^ "Meredith Buying Three Stations From Gannett". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  25. ^ Brown, Lisa (February 28, 2014). "Meredith Corp. closes on $177 million purchase of KMOV". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  26. ^ "Media General Acquiring Meredith For 2.4 Billion". TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. September 8, 2015.
  27. ^ Cynthia Littleton (September 8, 2015). "TV Station Mega Merger: Media General Sets $2.4 Billion Acquisition of Meredith Corp". Variety. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  28. ^ "Nexstar-Media General: It's A Done Deal". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  29. ^ "Nexstar Clinches Deal to Acquire Media General". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  30. ^ "RabbitEars TV Query for KMOV". RabbitEars. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  31. ^ "KMOV Facebook Page". KMOV. Retrieved February 17, 2014 – via Facebook.
  32. ^ "Welcome to MYTV St. Louis!". Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-24.
  34. ^ Digital Television Transition Problematic For Some, Don Corrigan, Webster-Kirkwood Times, January 23, 2009 indicates both KMOV and KNLC as digital-only
  35. ^ Gail Pennington (August 26, 2015). "Fall brings big changes to St. Louis daytime TV". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  36. ^ "Local News Anchor Fired Over IRS Comments". The Huffington Post. 2013-05-23. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
  37. ^ Toler, Lindsay. "Larry Conners Back in Court with Age, Racial Discrimination Charges Against KMOV-TV". Retrieved 2016-09-18.
  38. ^ Belo Corp. | Press Releases
  39. ^ Belo Corp. | Press Releases

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