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Lamborghini 350 GT

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Lamborghini 350 GT
Overview
ManufacturerCarrozzeria Touring for
Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A[1]
ProductionMay 1964–1966[2]
120 built[1]
AssemblySant'Agata, Italy[2]
DesignerCarrozzeria Touring
Body and chassis
ClassGrand tourer (S)
Body style2-door coupé
LayoutFR layout
Powertrain
Engine3,464 cc (211.4 cu in) 60° aluminium V12 DOHC
Transmission5-speed ZF manual[2]
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,550 mm (100.4 in)
Width1,730 mm (68.1 in)
Height1,220 mm (48.0 in)
Kerb weight1,450 kg (3,197 lb)
Chronology
SuccessorLamborghini 400GT
1965 Lamborghini 350GT
File:Lambo350GT 6826.jpg
1965 Lamborghini 350GT
1965 Lamborghini 350GT rear detail
1965 Lamborghini 350GT engine
File:Lambo350GT 6816.jpg
1965 Lamborghini 350GT rear

The Lamborghini 350 GT[1] was the first production vehicle produced by Lamborghini. Production started in May 1964,[3] after its well-received debut[4] at the March 1964 Geneva auto show. Its success ensured the company's survival, establishing it as a viable competitor with sports car maker Ferrari.[2]

History

Initial design team

After the testing of his prototype Lamborghini engine in May 1963,[3] Giotto Bizzarrini left the company, and the following month Ferruccio Lamborghini assigned Gian Paolo Dallara[4]—with the assistance of Paolo Stanzani and Bob Wallace[3]—the task of developing a production version of the grand tourer.[4]

Dallara and Stanzani quickly realized that the Lamborghini 350GTV was not properly designed for mass production, so they proceeded along parallel lines:[5]

  1. Detuning the original Bizzarrini engine and redesigning the original Bizzarrini chassis for street use,[3] eventually in the 350 GT, and
  2. Readying the GTV for its late-October 1963 Turin Auto Show debut.[5]

Redesigning the GTV Prototype

The original Bizzarrini-designed 3.5 liter V12 was essentially a race motor, potentially developing 400 hp at 11,000rpm.[6] In order to fit his grand touring car with a smoother, more pleasant, longer-lasting engine, that was "good for 40,000 hard miles between services"[4] Ferruccio had Dallara and Wallace detune a version of this prototype "GTV" motor for street use.[3] This included:[4]

  • replacing the elaborate and costly racing type dry sump oiling system with a conventional wet sump oil pan
  • reducing the compression from 11.0:1 or above to 9.4:1
  • cutting back on the exotic materials specified for the crankshaft and other components to reduce cost
  • relocating the distributors to more accessible positions on the fronts of the exhaust camshafts
  • adoption of a single, very tall Lamborghini-made oil filter
  • replacing the expensive 36 mm vertical racing Webers with conventional sidedraft 40 DCOE Webers
  • softening the cam profiles

This first "detuned" L350 engine was tested on October 3, 1963.[7] The result—later fit in the 350 GT—was a very capable 270 bhp power plant[4] that could reach 254 kilometres per hour (158 mph) in top form.[8]

While this 350 GT design work continued, the prototype was rushed to completion for the upcoming October 26 press meeting[5] and the subsequent inauguration of the Turin Auto Show on the 30th.[3] The Lamborghini 350GTV was shown at the Turin Auto Show with the original Bizzarrini "racing" V-12 engine—with its downdraft webers, rear distributors, etc.—displayed alongside as it was not "adapted to the chassis."[5] The car was a "non-runner"[4] with the suspension arms simply tack-welded in place[5] and the engine not installed.[4] Lukewarm reaction to the car[4] caused Ferruccio to postpone plans for immediate production[4] and move on to the new 350 GT design.

In March 1964, only 5 months after the debut of the GTV in Turin, the "redesigned GTV"—now called the 350 GT—was debuted at the Geneva Auto Show.[3] It was greeted with sufficient enthusiasm[4] that Ferruccio decided to proceed with production at Sant'Agata in May 1964.[3]

Manufacturing and Assembly

The manufacture of the bodies was entrusted to Touring of Milan, who used their patented Superleggera method of construction to fix aluminium alloy panels directly to a tubular structure. The first 350 GT frame was fabricated by Neri and Bonacini, who continued to act as Lamborghini's chassis supplier until production of the 350 GT was underway, when the job was turned over to Marchesi.[9] Chassis and bodies were mated at Touring, which then delivered the complete assemblies—with even the bumpers in place—to the Lamborghini factory. The cars could be ordered in these colors. When leaving the factory the 350 GT originally fitted Pirelli Cinturato 205VR15 tyres (CN72).

The first 350 GT chassis/body, delivered to the Lamborghini factory on March 9, 1964, was named #101 (Touring #17001). That same month #101 debuted at the Geneva show. The first customer delivery (consegnato) of a 350 GT was #104 (Touring #17004), delivered on July 31, 1964.

Lamborghini produced 120 350 GTs[1] before replacing it with the larger-engined Lamborghini 400 GT in 1966. Many 350 GTs were subsequently fit with the larger 4.0 liter engine.

Specifications

The 350 GT had an all-aluminium alloy V12 engine mated to a five-speed ZF manual transmission.[2] It had an aluminium body (some had steel bodies), a Salisbury differential, four-wheel independent suspension, and vacuum servo-assisted Girling disc brakes all round.[2]

It had a wheelbase of 2,550 millimetres (100.4 in), with a front and rear axle track of 1,380 millimetres (54.3 in).[1][2] It measured 4,640 millimetres (182.7 in) long by 1,730 millimetres (68.1 in) wide and was by 1,220 millimetres (48.0 in) high.[1] With its kerb weight of 1,450 kilograms (3,197 lb),[1] the 350 GT could accelerate from 0 to 100 kilometres per hour (0.0 to 62.1 mph) in 6.8 seconds, and from 0 to 100 miles per hour (0 to 161 km/h) in 16.3 seconds,[1] and go on to reach a top speed of 254 kilometres per hour (158 mph).[8]

Redesign Features

The 350 GT shared a number of features with the 350 GTV prototype, including a four-wheel independent suspension, quad-cam V12, and an aluminium body. A number of revisions and refinements were made due to the suggestions of the Neri & Bonacini racing development shop, and test driver Bob Wallace. Fixed headlights replaced the prototype's rotationally hidden variety, and twin-barrel side-draught Weber 40 DCOE 2 carburettors reduced the height of the engine, thereby negating the clearance problems of the GTV prototype, and giving the car the exceptionally low hood line Ferruccio desired.[3]

Chassis

As was the case with the motor, Bizzarrini's GTV "racing" chassis design was the basis of Dallara’s 350 GT "street" chassis.[3] Using far heavier materials, Dallara created an extremely strong chassis from square-section tubing which provided easy entry and exit through the doors, aided in the quietness of the car, and provided a solid platform on which to mount the body, much like the Aston Martin DB4.[3]

Suspension

The suspension was fully independent, with unequal-length wishbones and concentric coil-spring-damper units.[3] The rear suspension wishbones were offset towards the spring mountings to resist driving and braking torque, which provided superior handling.[3]

Engine

Quality control of the early 3.5 liter engines was very high. Each one underwent tests for 24 hours on a Schenk Walge dynamometer, being run for the first 12 hours under electric power, and then with gasoline at increasing speeds. A detailed analysis was made of its behavior before installation in the car for at least 500 kilometres of mixed-test running by Wallace.[3]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lamborghini 350 GT.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Lamborghini – History – Masterpieces – 350 GT". Automobili Lamborghini Holding Spa. Lamborghini.com. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Lamborghini 350, 400 & Islero". CarsFromItaly.net. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Chris Harvey. "The Lamborghinis from 350GT to Jalpa". Motor Racing Publications, 1982.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pete Lyons. "The Complete Book of Lamborghini". Publications International, 1988.
  5. ^ a b c d e Pasini, Stefano "Lamborghini 350 GTV." Rivista Lamborghini Review, 1991
  6. ^ "The Lamborghini V-12: A Japanese Connection?".
  7. ^ "The First Lamborghini L350 Engine Test".
  8. ^ a b "Riding The Bull". Hemmings, 2008.
  9. ^ Lamborghini 400GT Monza
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