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Lindesnes

Coordinates: 58°06′15″N 07°17′20″E / 58.10417°N 7.28889°E / 58.10417; 7.28889
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Lindesnes Municipality
Lindesnes kommune
Municipality
View of Vigeland, the administrative centre of Lindesnes Municipality
View of Vigeland, the administrative centre of Lindesnes Municipality
Flag of Lindesnes Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Lindesnes Municipality
Coat of arms
Agder within Norway
Agder within Norway
Lindesnes within Agder
Lindesnes within Agder
Coordinates: 58°06′15″N 07°17′20″E / 58.10417°N 7.28889°E / 58.10417; 7.28889
CountryNorway
CountyAgder
DistrictSørlandet
Established1 Jan 1964
 • Preceded bySpangereid, Sør-Audnedal, and Vigmostad municipalities
Administrative centreMandal
Government
 • Mayor (2020)Even Sagebakken (Ap)
Area
 • Total
933.53 km2 (360.44 sq mi)
 • Land883.17 km2 (340.99 sq mi)
 • Water50.36 km2 (19.44 sq mi)  5.4%
 • Rank#126 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
 • Total
23,147
 • Rank#55 in Norway
 • Density26.2/km2 (68/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Increase +4.3%
DemonymsLindesnes-folk
Lindesnesmann (male)
Lindesneskvinne (female)[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4205[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Lindesnes (Template:Lang-en) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Mandal. Other villages in Lindesnes include Åvik, Høllen, Skofteland, Svenevig, Vigmostad, Heddeland, Bjelland, Breland, Koland, Laudal, Øyslebø, Bykjernen, Skjebstad, Sånum-Lundevik, Skogsfjord-Hesland, Krossen, Harkmark, Skinsnes-Ime, and Tregde-Skjernøy.[4]

The 934-square-kilometre (361 sq mi) municipality is the 126th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lindesnes is the 55th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 23,147. The municipality's population density is 26.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (68/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.3% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

General information

Lindesnes Fjellhallen (Millenium-Fjellhallen built in the rocks 2000–2004)
Lindesnes fyr. The lighthouse is close to the southernmost point of mainland Norway.
Aerial view of the southern coastline of Lindesnes

The municipality of Lindesnes was created as a new municipality on 1 January 1964 after the merger of the older municipalities of Spangereid (population: 899), Sør-Audnedal (population: 2,323), and Vigmostad (population: 589).[7]

On 1 January 2020, the neighboring municipalities of Mandal and Marnardal were merged into Lindesnes, creating a much larger municipality of Lindesnes. At the same time, the administrative centre of the new, larger municipality was moved to the town of Mandal.[8]

Name

The oldest Old Norse form of the name was Líðandi. That name is derived from the verb líða which means "lead/go to an end" and the meaning is probably just "the end". A later form was Líðandisnes where the word nes which means "headland" was added (a word that is related to the English forms ness and naze). The traditional English language version of the name is just the Naze, derived from ness meaning headland.[4]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was granted on 25 April 1986. The official blazon is "Azure a lighthouse issuant argent" (Template:Lang-no). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is the top of a lighthouse. The lighthouse has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The lighthouse represents the local Lindesnes Lighthouse, the oldest lighthouse in Norway. It was built in 1655 on the Lindesnes peninsula. The arms were designed by Truls Nygaard who based it after a design by Rolf Dybvig.[9][10][11] On 1 January 2020, the municipality was enlarged and on that date, the coat of arms was updated to a slightly different design and the addition of a mural crown above the escutcheon to represent the fact that the municipality now includes the town of Mandal. The color was also changed to a more teal blue.[12]

  • Arms in use since 1 January 2020
    Arms in use since 1 January 2020
  • Arms in use from 24 April 1986 until 31 December 2019
    Arms in use from 24 April 1986 until 31 December 2019

Churches

The Church of Norway has eight parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Lindesnes. It is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Lindesnes
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Bjelland Bjelland Church Bjelland 1793
Holum Holum Church Krossen 1825
Laudal Laudal Church Laudal 1826
Mandal Harkmark Church Harkmark 1613
Mandal Church Mandal 1821
Spangereid Spangereid Church Høllen c. 1140
Valle Valle Church Vigeland 1793
Vigmostad Vigmostad Church Vigmostad 1848
Øyslebø Øyslebø Church Øyslebø 1797

Government

All municipalities in Norway, including Lindesnes, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor.[13] The municipality falls under the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lindesnes is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Lindesnes kommunestyre 2020–2023 [14]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 11
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:39
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2015–2019 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2012–2015 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 2
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2008–2011 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 2
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2004–2007 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 2000–2003 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1996–1999 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1992–1995 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1988–1991 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1984–1987 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1980–1983 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1976–1979 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Cross-party list (Tverrpolitisk Liste)1
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1972–1975 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1968–1971 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 1964–1967 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:25

Geography

Lindesnes is a coastal municipality, with a long stretch of coastline to the south. It borders Lyngdal municipality to the west, Evje og Hornnes to the north, and Kristiansand and Vennesla to the east. The Lindesnes Lighthouse stands on the southernmost point of the mainland of Norway, nearly 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) southwest of Knivskjellodden, the northernmost point of mainland Norway. The southern coast of Lindesnes is rugged and includes several fjords such as the Snigsfjorden and Grønsfjorden as well as many islands such as Svinør. The interior of the municipality follows the Audnadalen valley through which the river Audna flows south into the Snigsfjorden.

Climate

Lindesnes has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb). The weather station has been recording since January 1863, and is situated near the Lindesnes lighthouse on a peninsula protruding into the sea. It is the southernmost mainland point in Norway. The all-time high temperature is 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) recorded August 1975; the all-time low is −18.1 °C (−0.6 °F) recorded in January 1987. The five months May - September have not seen any overnight freeze, with coldest low 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) in May 1981 (data since 1954).

Climate data for Lindesnes Lighthouse 1991-2020 (extremes 1954-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18
(64) 		23.2
(73.8) 		26.4
(79.5) 		27
(81) 		27.3
(81.1) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		11.4
(52.5) 		27.3
(81.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2) 		2
(36) 		3.2
(37.8) 		6.1
(43.0) 		9.9
(49.8) 		13
(55) 		15.6
(60.1) 		16.2
(61.2) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.8
(49.6) 		6.3
(43.3) 		4
(39) 		8.5
(47.4)
Record low °C (°F) −18.1
(−0.6) 		−15.1
(4.8) 		−11
(12) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6
(43) 		7.8
(46.0) 		3.6
(38.5) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−16.5
(2.3) 		−18.1
(−0.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 131.2
(5.17) 		99.7
(3.93) 		87.5
(3.44) 		69
(2.7) 		63.5
(2.50) 		71.9
(2.83) 		81.8
(3.22) 		101.3
(3.99) 		119.1
(4.69) 		151.6
(5.97) 		132.4
(5.21) 		135.2
(5.32) 		1,244.2
(48.97)
Source 1: yr.no/Norwegian Meteorological Institute[26]
Source 2: eklima/met.no[27]


Climate data for Lindesnes Lighthouse 1961-1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		2.3
(36.1) 		3.7
(38.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		11.3
(52.3) 		14.9
(58.8) 		16.3
(61.3) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.2
(57.6) 		11.1
(52.0) 		7.4
(45.3) 		4.7
(40.5) 		9.4
(48.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		2.0
(35.6) 		4.7
(40.5) 		9.0
(48.2) 		12.5
(54.5) 		14.2
(57.6) 		14.8
(58.6) 		12.4
(54.3) 		9.6
(49.3) 		5.6
(42.1) 		2.9
(37.2) 		7.4
(45.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		0.3
(32.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		10.7
(51.3) 		7.9
(46.2) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.9
(33.6) 		5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 109
(4.3) 		72
(2.8) 		83
(3.3) 		60
(2.4) 		71
(2.8) 		65
(2.6) 		78
(3.1) 		102
(4.0) 		125
(4.9) 		143
(5.6) 		146
(5.7) 		105
(4.1) 		1,159
(45.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 14.7 10.2 12.9 9.5 9.5 8.9 8.8 11.4 14.3 15.5 17.4 14.4 147.5
Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[28]

Notable residents

Public service & public thinking

Ellen Gleditsch, 1935
Adolph Tidemand, 1838
Gustav Vigeland, 1929
  • Peder Claussøn Friis (1545-1614), a Norwegian clergyman and author
  • Søren Jaabæk (1814 in Holum – 1894) a politician and farmer; longest-serving member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1845 to 1891
  • Geirulf Bugge (1862 in Mandal – 1940) a Norwegian judge & Supreme Court Justice
  • Ivar An Christensen (1868 in Mandal – 1934) a ship owner, with a fleet of eleven steam ships
  • Elise Sem (1870–1950) a barrister, women's activist and sports official; grew up in Manadal
  • Ellen Gleditsch (1879 in Mandal – 1968) a radiochemist and Norway's second female professor
  • Karen Platou (1879 in Mandal – 1950) politician, the first woman elected Member of Parliament
  • Arne Askildsen (1898–1982) politician and bailiff of Mandal and Halse og Harkmark 1928–1968, except in WWII
  • Asbjørn Aavik (1902 in Åvik - 1997) a Norwegian Lutheran missionary to China and writer
  • Leif Edwardsen (1922 in Mandal - 2002), Norwegian diplomat
  • Knut Aukland (1929 in Vigmostad – 2014) a Norwegian physiologist
  • Ole-Johan Dahl (1931 in Mandal – 2002) Norway's foremost computer scientist
  • Ludvig Hope Faye (1931–2017) a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Mandal 1972–1975.
  • Ansgar Gabrielsen (born 1955 in Mandal) a Norwegian consultant and former politician
  • Janne Haaland Matláry (born 1957) a political scientist, writer, politician and academic

The Arts

Sport

References

  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ a b Store norske leksikon. "Lindesnes" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå. "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  7. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå.
  8. ^ "Nye Lindesnes" (in Norwegian). Lindesnes kommune. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  9. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  10. ^ "Lindesnes, Vest-Agder (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  11. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 25 April 1986. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  12. ^ "Har vedtatt nytt kommunevåpen". NRK Sørlandet (in Norwegian). 21 November 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  13. ^ Hansen, Tore, ed. (12 May 2016). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Agder". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  15. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  16. ^ "Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Vest-Agder". Valg Direktoratet. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  23. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  26. ^ "yr.no/statistics".
  27. ^ "eklima portal".
  28. ^ "eKlima Web Portal". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 14 June 2004.
  29. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 19 November 2020
  30. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 19 November 2020

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