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List of women pacifists and peace activists

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International Congress of Women in 1915. left to right:1. Lucy Thoumaian - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. Laura Hughes - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugénie Hamer - Belgium, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Italy, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway

This is a list of women pacifists and peace activists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in promoting pacifism.

Introduction

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Women have been active in peace movements since at least the 19th century. After the First World War broke out in 1914, many women's organizations became involved in peace activities. In 1915, the International Congress of Women in the Hague brought together representatives from women's associations in several countries, leading to the establishment of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[1] This in turn led to national chapters which continued their work in the 1920s and 1930s. After the Second World War, European women once again became involved in peace initiatives, mainly as a result of the Cold War, while from the 1960s the Vietnam War led to renewed interest in the United States.[2]

Armenia

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Australia

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Austria

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Botswana

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Belgium

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Bulgaria

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Canada

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Chile

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Colombia

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Costa Rica

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  • Olga Bianchi (1924–2015) – feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist

Cyprus

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Denmark

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  • Matilde Bajer (1840–1934) – Danish feminist and peace activists
  • Henriette Beenfeldt (1878–1949) – radical Danish peace activist
  • Benny Cederfeld de Simonsen (1865–1952) – Danish peace activist
  • Henriette Crone (1874–1933) – trade unionist, peace activist and politician
  • Thora Daugaard (1874–1951) – Danish feminist, pacifist, journal editor and translator
  • Henni Forchhammer (1863–1955) – Danish educator, feminist and pacifist
  • Eline Hansen (1859–1919) – Danish feminist and peace activist
  • Estrid Hein (1873–1956) – Danish ophthalmologist, women's rights activist and pacifist
  • Ellen Hørup (1871–1953) – Danish writer, pacifist and women's rights activist
  • Johanne Meyer (1838–1915) – pioneering Danish suffragist, pacifist and journal editor
  • Eva Moltesen (1871–1934) – Finnish-Danish writer and peace activist
  • Camilla Nielsen (1856–1932) – Danish philanthropist, feminist and peace activist
  • Louise Nørlund (1854–1919) – Danish feminist and peace activist
  • Voldborg Ølsgaard (1877–1939) – Danish peace and women's rights activist
  • Clara Tybjerg (1864–1941) – Danish feminist, peace activist and educator
  • Louise Wright (1861–1935) – Danish philanthropist, feminist and peace activist
  • Else Zeuthen (1897–1975) – Danish peace activist, feminist and politician

Finland

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France

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Germany

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Guatemala

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Hungary

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India

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  • Kirthi Jayakumar (born 1987) – Indian peace activist and gender equality activist, youth peace activist, peace educator and founder of The Red Elephant Foundation
  • Gurmehar Kaur (born 1996) – Indian student and peace activist
  • Mother Teresa (1910–1997) – Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun, missionary, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize recipient
  • Medha Patkar (born 1954) – Indian activist for Tribals and Dalits affected by dam projects
  • Manasi Pradhan (born 1962) – Indian activist; founder of Honour for Women National Campaign
  • Arundhati Roy (born 1961) – Indian writer, social critic and peace activist

Iran

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  • Shirin Ebadi (born 1947) – Iranian lawyer, human rights activist, Nobel peace laureate

Iraq

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  • Nadia Murad (born 1993) – Iraqi human rights activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Ireland

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Israel

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Italy

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Ivory Coast

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Japan

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  • Atsuko Betchaku (1960–2017) – pacifist and educator
  • Marii Hasegawa (1918–2012) – Japanese peace activist
  • Raichō Hiratsuka (1886–1971) – Japanese writer, political activist, feminist, pacifist
  • Tano Jōdai (1886–1982) – Japanese English literature professor, peace activist and university president
  • Fumiko Nakamura (1913–2013) – Japanese teacher and anti-war activist.
  • Shina Inoue Kan (1899–1982) – Japanese academic, women's rights activist and pacifist
  • Yosano Akiko (1878–1942) – Japanese writer, feminist, pacifist

Kenya

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Lebanon

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Liberia

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Lithuania

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  • Gabrielle Radziwill (1877–1968) – Lithuanian pacifist, feminist and League of Nations official

Myanmar

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  • Aung San Suu Kyi (born 1945) – Burmese politician, author, Nobel Peace Prize recipient

Netherlands

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New Zealand

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Norway

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Pakistan

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  • Malala Yousafzai (born 1997) – Pakistani education activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Palau

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Serbia

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South Africa

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Spain

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  • Carmen Magallón (born 1951) – Spanish physicist, pacifist, conducting research in support of women's advancement in science and peace
  • Concepción Picciotto (1936–2016) – Spanish-born anti-nuclear and anti-war protester, White House Peace Vigil

Sweden

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Switzerland

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United Kingdom

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United States

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Venezuela

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  • Sheyene Gerardi – human rights advocate, peace activist, founder of the SPACE Movement

Yemen

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  • Tawakkol Karman (born 1979) – Yemini journalist, politician and human rights activist; shared 2011 Nobel Peace prize

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Paull, John (2018) The Women Who Tried to Stop the Great War: The International Congress of Women at The Hague 1915, In A. H. Campbell (Ed.), Global Leadership Initiatives for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding (pp. 249-266). (Ch.12) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
  2. ^ Wilmers, Annika. "International Women's Peace Movements". EHNE. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  3. ^ Moynagh, Maureen; Forestell, Nancy (2012). Documenting First Wave Feminisms: Volume 1: Transnational Collaborations and Crosscurrents. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 397. ISBN 978-1-4426-6410-4.
  4. ^ "Amenazan a Yolanda Becerra Vega, una mujer premiada por el gobierno de Suecia" [Yolanda Becerra Vega Threatened, a Woman Awarded by the Government of Sweden]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). 5 November 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  5. ^ Rumelili, Bahar, ed. (2015). "Ethnic Nationalism and Production of Ontological Security in Cyprus". Conflict Resolution and Ontological Security: Peace Anxieties. New York: Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-415-74912-1.
  6. ^ a b Brock, Peter; Socknat, Thomas Paul (1999). Challenge to Mars : essays on pacifism from 1918 to 1945. Toronto: University of Toronto. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-442672-796.
  7. ^ Galtung, Johan; Udayakumart, S. P. (2013). Education for Peace. Charlotte NC: Information Age Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-61735-548-6.
  8. ^ Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). "Rosa Luxemburg". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 1003. ISBN 978-1-85109-965-8.
  9. ^ Wiltsher, Anne (1985). Most Dangerous Women: Feminist Peace Campaigners of the Great War. London: Pandora Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-86358-010-9.
  10. ^ Galeotti, Giulia (2006). Storia del voto alle donne in Italia alle radici del difficile rapporto tra donne e politica [The History of the Vote for Women in Italy and the Difficult Relationship between Women and Politics] (in Italian). Roma: Biblink. p. 102. ISBN 978-8-88807-166-4.
  11. ^ Pucci, Idanna (2022). "Cora Slocomb Savorgnan di Brazzà: An Artisan of Peace and Social Justice". In Laurenzi, E.; Mosca, M (eds.). A Female Activist Elite in Italy (1890–1920). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 93. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87159-8_4. ISBN 978-3-030-87158-1. S2CID 244783698.
  12. ^ a b c Meinzolt, Heidi; Magallón, Carmen; Sankari, Nina; Kimura, Maki; Pagani, Giovanna (10 October 2019). Women Vote Peace: Zurich Peace Congress 1919 - 2019. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. p. 49. ISBN 978-3-75040-287-4.
  13. ^ Zampini, Elisabetta (2012). "Solo l'ideale è vero: la voce ritrovata di Ida Vassalini" [Only the Ideal Is True: The Rediscovered Voice of Ida Vassalini] (PDF). Bollettino della Società Letteraria (in Italian). 2012–2013 (La terra e il cielo). Verona, Italy: Società Letteraria: 183–208. ISSN 2612-4122. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  14. ^ Everard, Myriam; de Haan, Francisca (2017). Rosa Manus (1881-1942): The International Life and Legacy of a Jewish Dutch Feminist. Leiden: Brill. p. 429. ISBN 978-9-00433-318-5.
  15. ^ Wilson, Sarah (9 November 1985). "Promise of Peace". The Evening Post. Wellington, New Zealand. p. 25.
  16. ^ Ståhl, Margareta (1980). Inventory - Women's Archives at the Labour Movement Archives and Library. Stockholm: ARAB. p. 7.