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List of exoplanet extremes

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The following are lists of extremes among the known exoplanets. The properties listed here are those for which values are known reliably.

Extremes from Earth's viewpoint

Title Planet Star Data Notes
Most distant OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb[1] OGLE-2005-BLG-390L[1] 21,500 ± 3,300 light years

An analysis of the lightcurve of the microlensing event PA-99-N2 suggests the presence of a planet orbiting a star in the Andromeda Galaxy.[2]

A controversial microlensing event of lobe A of the double gravitationally lensed Q0957+561 suggests that there is a planet in the lensing galaxy lying at redshift 0.355 (3.7 Gly).[3][4]

Least distant Alpha Centauri Bb[5] Alpha Centauri B[5] 4.37 light years[5]

With a mass of about 1.1 times the size of Earth, it is very similar in size to Earth.

Star with the brightest apparent magnitude with a planet Pollux b Pollux[6] Apparent magnitude is 1.14 The evidence of planets around Vega with an apparent magnitude of 0.03 is strongly suggested by circumstellar disks surrounding it. Currently no planets have been confirmed yet.[7]
Largest angular distance separation from its host star GU Piscium b GU Piscium 42 arc seconds[8] WD 0806-661 b has an angular separation of 130.208333 arc seconds from WD 0806-661. However, its planetary origin is unknown.

Planetary characteristics

Title Planet Star Data Notes
Most massive DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b[9] DENIS-P J082303.1-491201[10] 28.5±1.9 Jupiter masses[11]

Most massive planet in the NASA Exoplanet Archive although, according to most definitions of planet, it may be too massive to be a planet, and may be a brown dwarf instead. It is part of an ultracool binary system.[9]

Least massive PSR B1257+12 A[12][13] PSR B1257+12[12][13] 0.02 MEarth[12][13]

Mass of PSR B1257+12 A is based on an assumption of coplanarity with the outer two planets. The least massive exoplanet for which a true mass is known is Gliese 581 e with a mass of 2 MEarth.

Kepler-37b may be less massive (assuming Moon-like density), estimated mass >0.01 MEarth,[14] < 6 MEarth[15]

Biggest radius CT Cha b CT Cha 2.2 Jupiter radii
Smallest radius Kepler-37b Kepler-37 0.30 Earth radii Slightly larger than the Moon.
Most dense PSR J1719-1438 b PSR J1719-1438 ≥23 g/cm3 Pulsar planet; minimum density is inferred via Roche limit of the host star.
Least dense Kepler-51c, b and/or possibly d[16] Kepler-51[16] ~ 0.03 g/cm3[16] The densities of Kepler-51 b and c have been constrained to be below 0.05 g/cm3 (expected value 0.03 g/cm3 for each). The density of Kepler-51d is determined to be 0.046±0.009 g/cm3.[16]
Hottest Kepler-70b Kepler-70 7278 K[17]
Highest albedo Kepler-10b[citation needed] Kepler-10 0.5–0.6 (geometric albedo)
Lowest albedo TrES-2b GSC 03549-02811 Geometric albedo < 1%[18] Best-fit model for albedo gives even 0.04%[18]

Orbit characteristics

Title Planet Star Data Notes
Longest orbital period
(Longest year) 		GU Piscium b GU Piscium 163,000 years
Shortest orbital period
(Shortest year) 		Kepler-70b[19] Kepler-70[20] 0.24 days (5.8 hours)[19] Star is a post-red-giant with another close-period planet, Kepler-70c[21]
Most eccentric orbit HD 20782 b[22] HD 20782[22] eccentricity of 0.97±0.01 HD 80606 b has an orbital eccentricity of 0.9349,[23] previously held record
Least eccentric orbit HD 209458 b HD 209458 eccentricity of 0.001 [citation needed]
Largest orbit around a single star[24][25] HD 106906 b[24] HD 106906[24] ~650 AU[24]
Smallest orbit Kepler-70b[19] Kepler-70 0.006 AU
Smallest orbit around binary star Kepler-47b Kepler-47AB ≃0.3 AU [26]
Smallest ratio of semi-major axis of a planet orbit to binary star orbit Kepler-16b Kepler-16AB 3.14 ± 0.01 [27]
Largest orbit around binary star DT Virginis c DT Virginis 1168 AU Star system is also known as Ross 458 AB. The planet was eventually confirmed to be below deuterium burning limit but its formation origin is unknown.
Largest orbit around a single star in a multiple star system Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut 115 AU The second stellar component of the system, TW Piscis Austrini, has a semi-major axis of 57,000 AU from Fomalhaut and the third stellar component, LP 876-10 orbits 158,000 AU away from Fomalhaut.
Largest distance between binary stars with a circumbinary planet FW Tauri AB b FW Tau AB ≈11 AU [citation needed]
Closest orbit between stars with a planet orbiting one of the stars OGLE-2013-BLG-0341LBb OGLE-2013-BLG-0341LB ~12-17 AU
(10 or 14 AU projected distance)[28] 		OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b's semi-major axis is 0.7 AU. [29]
Smallest semi-major axis difference between planets Kepler-70b and Kepler-70c[30] Kepler-70 0.0016 AU (about 240000 km) During closest approach, Kepler-70c would appear 5 times the size of the Moon in Kepler-70b's sky.
Smallest semi-major axis ratio between planets Kepler-36b and Kepler-36c Kepler-36 11% Kepler-36b and c have semi-major axes of 0.1153 AU and 0.1283 AU respectively, c is 11% further from star than b .

Stellar characteristics

Title Planet Star Data Notes
Highest metallicity HD 126614 Ab HD 126614 A +0.56 dex Located in a triple star system.
Lowest metallicity Kepler-271b,c Kepler-271 −0.951 dex BD+20°2457 may be the lowest metallicity planet host ([Fe/H]=−1.00), however the proposed planetary system is dynamically unstable. [2] The next lowest-metallicity system is Kepler-271. Planets were announced around even the extremely low metallicity stars HIP 13044 and HIP 11952, however these claims have since been disproven. [3]
Highest stellar mass HD 13189 b[31] HD 13189[31] 4.5±2.5 M☉[31] Margin of error means it is possible this is not the most massive known planet-harboring star. Epsilon Tauri has a stellar mass of 2.723 M☉
Lowest stellar mass 2M J044144 b[32] 2M J044144[32] 0.02 M☉[32]
Largest stellar radius HD 208527 b[33] HD 208527 51.1 (± 8.3) R☉ Star is a red giant.
Smallest stellar radius (main sequence star) Kepler-42 b[34] Kepler-42 0.17 (± 0.05) R☉
Smallest stellar radius (brown dwarf) 2M 0746+20 b[35] 2M 0746+20 0.089 (± 0.003) R☉ Planet's mass is very uncertain at 30.0 (± 25.0) Mjup.
Smallest stellar radius (pulsar) PSR J1719-1438 b[36] PSR J1719-1438 0.04 R☉
Oldest star HD 164922 b HD 164922[37] 13.4 billion years[37]
Hottest star with a planet NY Virginis b NY Virginis[38] 33247K This star is a subdwarf B star and has a red dwarf companion of 0.14 solar masses with a semi-major axis of slightly under 4 million kilometers from the primary component.
Hottest main-sequence star with a planet Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut[37] 8590K HIP 78530 has a surface temperature of 10500K, but it is uncertain whether the orbiting companion is a brown dwarf or planet.

System characteristics

Title System Planet(s) Star(s) Notes
System with most (confirmed) planets HD 10180 9 1 The planets are HD 10180b, c, ..., h. This system has 2 unconfirmed planets and more data is needed to confirm their existence.[37][37]
System with most stars Kepler 64 PH1b (Kepler 64b) 4 PH1 has a circumbinary orbit.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b USA Today, "Smallest, most distant planet outside solar system found", Malcolm Ritter, 25 January 2006 (accessed 5 August 2010)
  2. ^ Schneider, J. "Notes for star PA-99-N2". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  3. ^ Exoplaneten.de, "The Microlensing Event of Q0957+561" (accessed 5 August 2010)
  4. ^ Astrophysical Journal, "Microlensing Variability of the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q0957+561 A,B", R.E. Schild, June 1996, v.464, p.125, doi:10.1086/177304 , Bibcode:1996ApJ...464..125S
  5. ^ a b c "Planet Found in Nearest Star System to Earth". European Southern Observatory. 16 October 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  6. ^ Lee, T. A. (October 1970), "Photometry of high-luminosity M-type stars", Astrophysical Journal, 162: 217, Bibcode:1970ApJ...162..217L, doi:10.1086/150648
  7. ^ "NASA, ESA Telescopes Find Evidence for Asteroid Belt Around Vega" (Press release). Whitney Clavin, NASA. 8 January 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  8. ^ http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gu_psc_b/
  9. ^ a b "Astrometric orbit of a low-mass companion to an ultracool dwarf". Harvard University. August 2013. arXiv:1306.3225. Retrieved 8 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  10. ^ "DENIS-P J082303.1-491201". SIMBAD. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  11. ^ "DENIS-P J082303.1-491201 b". Caltech. Retrieved 8 March 2014. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  12. ^ a b c New Scientist, "Smallest known exoplanet may actually be Earth-mass", Stephen Battersby, 19 January 2009 (accessed 5 August 2010)
  13. ^ a b c "Planets Around Pulsars", Alex Wolszczan (accessed 5 August 2010)
  14. ^ http://kepler.nasa.gov/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=256
  15. ^ http://iopscience.iop.org/0067-0049/210/2/20/article; 2.78 ± 3.7 MEarth means 0 to 6 MEarth at 1 sigma
  16. ^ a b c d Very Low-Density Planets around Kepler-51 Revealed with Transit Timing Variations and an Anomaly Similar to a Planet-Planet Eclipse Event: Kento Masuda
  17. ^ "HEC Top 10 Lists of Exoplanets". Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  18. ^ a b David M. Kipping; et al. "Detection of visible light from the darkest world" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Retrieved 12 August 2011. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
  19. ^ a b c "Notes for Planet KOI-55 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  20. ^ "Notes for star KOI-55". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  21. ^ "Notes for Planet KOI-55 c". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  22. ^ a b [1], (accessed 29 May 2014)
  23. ^ ScienceDaily, "Students Find Jupiter-Sized Oddball Planet", 22 April 2009 (accessed 5 August 2010)
  24. ^ a b c d Chow, Denise (6 December 2013). "Giant Alien Planet Discovered in Most Distant Orbit Ever Seen". space.com. Retrieved 8 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  25. ^ Bailey, Vanessa; et al. (4 December 2013). "HD 106906 b: A planetary-mass companion outside a massive debris disk". Pre-print. arXiv:1312.1265. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last2= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  26. ^ OROSZ J., WELSH W., CARTER J., FABRYCKY D., COCHRAN W. & 35 additional authors (2012). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". Science. v1. 337 (6101): 1511–4. arXiv:1208.5489. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O. doi:10.1126/science.1228380. PMID 22933522.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Laurance R. Doyle, Joshua A. Carter, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Laurance R.; Carter; Fabrycky; Slawson; Howell; Winn; Orosz; Andrej Prsa; Welsh; et al. (2011). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet". arXiv:1109.3432 [astro-ph.EP]. {{cite arXiv}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last= (help); Unknown parameter |version= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ arxiv.org/pdf/1407.1115v1.pdf; "(these projected separations are good proxies for the semi-major axis (afterupward adjustment by to correct for projection effects)"
  29. ^ http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/46
  30. ^ J. H. Telting, S. Charpinet. "A compact system of small planets around a former red-giant star". Nature. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  31. ^ a b c Schneider, J.. "Notes for planet HD 13189 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=HD+13189&p2=b. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  32. ^ a b c Schneider, J.. "Notes for planet 2M J044144 b". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. http://exoplanet.eu/planet.php?p1=2M+J044144&p2=b. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  33. ^ http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/hd_208527_b/
  34. ^ http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler-42_b/
  35. ^ http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/2m_0746+20_b/
  36. ^ http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=PSR+J1719-1438+b&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET
  37. ^ a b c d e The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia.http://exoplanet.eu/catalog/hd_164922_b/. Retrieved 2012-12-19. Cite error: The named reference "exoplanet" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  38. ^ http://sciencythoughts.blogspot.com/2011/12/planets-in-ny-virginis-system.html

External links

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