List of heads of state of Romania
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This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.
United Principalities (1859–1881)
House of Cuza (1859–1866)
| Domnitor | Reign | Claim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº | Nº | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |
| 1 | 1 | 
|
Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1820–1873) |
24 January 1859 | 22 February 1866 (Abdicated) |
7 years, 29 days | Previously ruled as Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (in a personal union from 1859 until official unification in 1862) |
Princely Lieutenancy (1866)
Denotes Regency
| Regent | Reign | Claim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº | Nº | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |
| – | – | 
|
Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899) |
22 February 1866 | 20 April 1866 | 57 days | Princely Lieutenancy |
| – | – | 
|
General Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877) | ||||
| – | – | 
|
Colonel Nicolae Haralambie (1835–1908) | ||||
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866–1881)
| Domnitor | Reign | Claim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº | Nº | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |
| 2 | 1 | 
|
Carol I (1839–1914) |
20 April 1866 | 15 March 1881 | 14 years, 329 days | 1866 Referendum |
Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1881–1947)
Denotes Regent
Denotes Conducător
| King | Reign | Claim | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº | Nº | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |
| (2) | 1 |
|
Carol I (1839–1914) |
15 March 1881 | 10 October 1914 | 33 years, 209 days | Previously ruled as Domnitor |
| 3 | 2 | 
|
Ferdinand I (1865–1927) |
10 October 1914 | 20 July 1927 | 12 years, 283 days | Nephew of Carol I |
| 4 | 3 | .jpg)
|
Michael I (1921– ) |
20 July 1927 | 8 June 1930 (Deposed) |
2 years, 323 days | Grandson of Ferdinand I |
| – | – | 
|
Prince Nicholas (1903–1978) |
20 July 1927 | 8 June 1930 (Deposed) |
2 years, 323 days | Regency Council For Michael I |
| – | – | 
|
Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939) | ||||
| – | – | 
|
Gheorghe Buzdugan (1867–1929) |
7 October 1929 (Died in Office) |
2 years, 79 days | ||
| – | – | 
|
Constantin Sărăţeanu (1862–1935) |
9 October 1929 | 8 June 1930 | 242 days | |
| 5 | 4 | 
|
Carol II (1893–1953) |
8 June 1930 | 6 September 1940 (Abdicated) |
10 years, 90 days | Son of Ferdinand I |
| (4) | (3) | 
|
Michael I (1921– ) |
6 September 1940 | 30 December 1947 (Abdicated) |
7 years, 115 days | Son of Carol II |
| – | – | 
|
Marshal Ion Antonescu (1882–1946) |
6 September 1940 | 23 August 1944 (Deposed) |
3 years, 352 days | Conducător With Michael I |
- Status
Denotes Acting Head of State
| Head of State | Term of office | Political party | Position(s) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº | Nº | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||
| 6 | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|– | 
|
Constantin Ion Parhon (1874–1969) |
30 December 1947 | 13 April 1948 | 105 days | Romanian Workers' Party | President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic |
| style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"|1 | 13 April 1948 | 12 June 1952 | 4 years, 60 days | President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly | ||||
| 7 | style="background:Template:Ploughmen's Front/meta/color; color:white"|2 | 
|
Petru Groza (1884–1958) |
12 June 1952 | 7 January 1958 (Died in Office) |
5 years, 209 days | Ploughmen's Front (1952–1953) Independent (1953–1958) |
President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly |
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|– | 
|
Mihail Sadoveanu (1880–1961) |
7 January 1958 | 11 January 1958 | 4 days | Romanian Workers' Party | Acting Presidents of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly |
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|– | 
|
Anton Moisescu (1913–1997) |
Romanian Workers' Party | ||||
| 8 | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|3 | 
|
Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000) |
11 January 1958 | 21 March 1961 | 3 years, 69 days | Romanian Workers' Party | President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly |
| 9 | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|1 | 
|
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965) |
21 March 1961 | 19 March 1965 (Died in Office) |
3 years, 363 days | Romanian Workers' Party | President of the State Council |
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|– |
|
Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000) |
19 March 1965 | 24 March 1965 | 5 days | Romanian Workers' Party | Acting Presidents of the State Council |
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|– | 
|
Ştefan Voitec (1900–1984) |
Romanian Workers' Party | ||||
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|– | 
|
Avram Bunaciu (1909–1983) |
Romanian Workers' Party | ||||
| 10 | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|2 | 
|
Chivu Stoica (1908–1975) |
24 March 1965 | 9 December 1967 (Resigned) |
2 years, 260 days | Romanian Workers' Party renamed in 1965 to Romanian Communist Party |
President of the State Council |
| 11 | style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white"|3 | 
|
Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918–1989) |
9 December 1967 | 22 December 1989 (Deposed) |
22 years, 13 days | Romanian Communist Party | President of the State Council |
| style="background:Template:Romanian Communist Party/meta/color; color:white;"|1 | 28 March 1974 | 15 years, 269 days | President of Romania | |||||
The Constitution of Romania prohibits the President to be a member of any party while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim Presidents, for whom such a restriction is not explicitly stipulated in the law.
- Status
Denotes ad interim President
| Head of State | Term of office | Political party | Position(s) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nº | Nº | Portrait | Name (Born–Died) |
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours; color:white;"|– | 
|
Council of the National Salvation Front[1] | 22 December 1989 | 26 December 1989 | 4 days | National Salvation Front | Collective Head of State |
| 12 | rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours; color:white;"|– | .jpg)
|
Ion Iliescu (1930– ) |
26 December 1989[2] | 6 February 1990 | 42 days | National Salvation Front | President of Council of the National Salvation Front |
| 6 February 1990 | 20 June 1990 | 134 days | President of the Provisional National Unity Council | |||||
| style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours; color:white;"|2 | 20 June 1990 | 7 April 1992 | 1 year, 292 days | President of Romania | ||||
| style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours; color:white;"|(2) | 7 April 1992 | 11 October 1992 | 187 days | Democratic National Salvation Front | ||||
| style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|(2) | 11 October 1992 | 29 November 1996 | 4 years, 49 days | Independent | ||||
| 13 | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|3 | 
|
Emil Constantinescu (1939– ) |
29 November 1996 | 20 December 2000 | 4 years, 21 days | Independent | President of Romania |
| (12) | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|(2) |
|
Ion Iliescu (1930– ) |
20 December 2000 | 20 December 2004 | 4 years, 0 days | Independent | President of Romania |
| 14 | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|4 | .jpg)
|
Traian Băsescu (1951– ) |
20 December 2004 | 20 April 2007 (Suspended) |
2 years, 121 days | Independent | President of Romania |
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours; color:white;"|– | 
|
Nicolae Văcăroiu (1943– ) |
20 April 2007 | 23 May 2007 | 33 days | Social Democratic Party | ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate) |
| (14) | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|(4) |
|
Traian Băsescu (1951– ) |
23 May 2007 (Reinstated) |
10 July 2012 (Suspended) |
5 years, 48 days | Independent | President of Romania |
| – | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|– | 
|
Crin Antonescu (1959– ) |
10 July 2012 | 27 August 2012 | 48 days | National Liberal Party | ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate) |
| (14) | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|(4) |
|
Traian Băsescu (1951– ) |
27 August 2012 (Reinstated) |
21 December 2014 | 2 years, 116 days | Independent | President of Romania |
| 15 | style="background:Template:Romanian politics/party colours;"|5 | .JPG)
|
Klaus Iohannis (1959– ) |
21 December 2014 | Incumbent | 9 years, 230 days | Independent | President of Romania |
Living former heads of state
| Name | Term/Reign | Office | Date of birth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michael I | 1927–1930, 1940–1947 | King of the Romanians | 25 October 1921 |
| Ion Iliescu | 1990–1996, 2000–2004 | President of Romania | 3 March 1930 |
| Emil Constantinescu | 1996–2000 | President of Romania | 19 November 1939 |
| Traian Băsescu | 2004–2014 | President of Romania | 4 November 1951 |
| Nicolae Văcăroiu | 20.04.2007–23.05.2007 | Interim President | 5 December 1943 |
| Crin Antonescu | 10.07.2012–27.08.2012 | Interim President | 21 September 1959 |
Timeline
See also
Footnotes and references
- Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2007, pg. 266-267