List of icebreakers
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2008) |
This is a list of icebreakers and other special vessels capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.[1][2]
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- ARA General San Martín (Q-4) (1954–1982)
- ARA Almirante Irízar (Q-5) (1978–; extensive repairs after fire in 2007)
- ARA Bahía Paraíso (B-1) (or Q-6) (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)
- Aurora Australis (1990–)
- A new icebreaking research vessel is expected to enter service in 2019.[3]
- Eisvogel (1955–)
- Röthelstein (1995–)
- CCGS Northern Light (1876–1890; sold)
- CCGS Mikula (1916; sold to Russia)[4]
- CCGS Saurel (1929–1967; broken up)[4]
- CCGS N.B. McLean (1930–1979; broken up)
- CCGS Ernest Lapointe (1939–1978; museum ship)
- CCGS D'Iberville (1952–1983; broken up)
- CCGS Labrador (1962–1987; broken up)
- CCGS Alexander Henry (1959–1984; museum ship)
- CCGS John A. Macdonald (1960–1991; broken up)
- CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent (1969–)
- CCGS Amundsen (1979–)
- CCGS Des Groseilliers (1982–)
- CCGS Terry Fox (1983–)
- CCGS Henry Larsen (1987–)
- CCGS Pierre Radisson (1987–)
- CCGS Samuel Risley (1985–)
- CCGS John G. Diefenbaker (2020s–; proposed)
- HMCS Labrador (1954–1961; Transferred to Coast Guard)
- Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel (2018–; 5-6 vessels under construction)[5]
Commercial
- Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
- Robert Lemeur (1982–1995; sold to China)[6]
- Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
- Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
- Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel)
- Polar Star (2000–; ex-Njord; laid up in Canary Islands due to receivership of Polar Star Expeditions in 2011)[7]
- Xuě Lóng (雪龙, "Snow Dragon") (1993–)
- A new Chinese-built polar icebreaker is currently at the design stage.[8][9]
Commercial
- Bin Hai 293 (1995–; ex-Robert Lemeur)[10]
- Piloto Pardo
- Achiles
- Contraalmirante Oscar Viel Toro (1995–)
- New icebreaker is scheduled to enter service in 2021.[11]
- Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
- Isbjørn (1923–1965)[12]
- Lillebjørn (1926–1968)[12]
- Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)[12]
- Elbjørn (1954–2003; preserved as a restaurant ship)[12]
- Danbjørn (1965–)
- Isbjørn (1966–)
- Thorbjørn (1980–)
Estonian Maritime Museum
- Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)
Estonian Maritime Administration
Port of Tallinn
- Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)
State-owned icebreakers
Steam-powered
- Murtaja (1890–1958; broken up)
- Sampo (1898–1960; broken up)
- Apu (1899–1959; broken up)
- Tarmo (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992)
- Wäinämöinen (1918–1922; handed over to Estonia)
- Ilmarinen (1918–1922; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Voima (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Jääkarhu (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Suursaari (1927–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
Diesel-electric
- Sisu (1939–1975; as Louhi in the Finnish Navy until 1986; broken up)
- Voima (1954–)
- Karhu (1958–1988; sold to the Soviet Union)
- Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
- Sampo (1960–1987; today owned by the city of Kemi and used for tourist cruises)
- Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
- Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
- Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
- Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
- Urho (1975–)
- Sisu (1976–)
- Otso (1986–)
- Kontio (1987–)
- Fennica (1993–)
- Nordica (1994–)
- Botnica (1998–2012; sold to Estonia)
- Polaris (2016–; under construction)
Finnish Navy
- L'Astrolabe (1988–; in service)
- L'Astrolabe (2017–; under construction)[13]
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- Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
- Castor (1941–; handed over to the Soviet Union)
- Pollux (1943–1945; sank)
- Stephan Jantzen (1967–??; registered as a yacht)[14]
- Polarstern (1982–)
- Mellum based in Wilhelmshaven
- Neuwerk based in Cuxhaven
- Arkona based in Stralsund
- Eisvogel-class icebreakers
- Wal (museum ship)
- Elbe (museum ship)
- Hindenburg (??–1918; sunk by mine)
- A new polar research vessel is expected to enter service by 2017.[15]
- Sōya (宗谷, PL107) (1938–1978)
- Sōya (そうや, PHL01) (1978–)
- Teshio
The following icebreaking supply ships are in service in the Caspian oil fields:
- Arcticaborg (1998–)
- Antarcticaborg (1998–)
- Tulpar (2002–)
- Five Mangystau-class icebreakers (Mangystau 1...Mangystau 5)
- Krišjānis Valdemārs (1925–1941; sunk)
- Varma (1994–)
- NoCGV Svalbard (2001–)
- Kronprins Haakon (2016–; planned)[16]
- Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)
The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by both government-owned as well as commercial entities.
- Lenin (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
- Arktika (1975–2008; decommissioned and awaiting disposal)
- Sibir (1977–1992; decommissioned and awaiting disposal)
- Rossiya (1985–)
- Taymyr (1989–)
- Vaygach (1990–)
- Sovetskiy Soyuz (1990–)
- Yamal (1992–)
- 50 Let Pobedy (2007–)
- Arktika (2017– (planned); under construction)[17][18][19]
- Sibir (2019– (planned); under construction)
Diesel-powered icebreakers
- Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)[20]
- Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)[21]
- Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)[22]
- Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)[23]
- Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)[24]
- Dobronya Nikitich (1960–1990)[25][14]
- Purga (1961–2012)[25]
- Vasiliy Pronchishchev (1961–1989; ex-Ledokol-1; broken up)[14][26]
- Anafasy Nikitin (1962–1994; ex-Ledokol-2; broken up)[14][27][28]
- Chariton Laptev (1962–2004; ex-Ledokol-3; broken up)[14]
- Vyuga (1962–1991)[25]
- Vasily Poyarkov (1963–1988; ex-Ledokol-4; broken up)[14]
- Erofey Khabarov (1963–1993; ex-Ledokol-5; broken up)[14]
- Ivan Kruzenstern (1963–; ex-Ledokol-6)[29]
- Vladimir Rusanov (1964–1988; ex-Ledokol-7; broken up)[14]
- Semyon Chelyuskin (1965–1988; ex-Ledokol-8; sold to Vietnam; broken up)[25]
- Ilya Muromets (1965–1993)[25]
- Yury Lisyansky (1965–; ex-Ledokol-9)[30]
- Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)[31]
- Buran (1966–)[25]
- Petr Pakhtusov (1966–1997; broken up)[14]
- Georgy Sedov (1967–1992; broken up)[14]
- Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)[32]
- Sadko (1968–)[14]
- PKZ-86 (1969–; ex-Vladimir Kavrayskiy)[14]
- Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)[33]
- Fyodor Litke (1970–; laid up)[34]
- Peresvet (1970–2011)[25]
- Ivan Moskvitin (1971–1997; broken up)[14]
- Semyon Dezhnev (1971–)[35]
- Ivan Susanin (1973–)[25]
- Aysberg (1974–2006)[25]
- Yermak (1974–)
- Admiral Makarov (1975–)
- Ruslan (1975–)[25]
- Krasin (1976–)
- Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
- Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
- Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–)
- Anadyr (1976–; ex-Dnepr; ex-Imeni XXV syezda KPSS)[25]
- Kapitan Sorokin (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991)
- Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
- Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
- Dunay (1977–)[25]
- Kapitan Nikolaev (1978–; rebuilt in 1990)
- Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
- Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
- Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
- Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
- Neva (1978–)[25]
- Volga (1980–)[25]
- Kapitan Dranitsyn (1980–)
- Kapitan Khlebnikov (1981–)
- Murmansk (1981–2013; ex-Imeni XXVI syezda KPSS; ex-Irtysh)[25]
- Magadan (1982–)
- Mudyug (1982–)
- Dikson (1983–)
- Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
- Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
- Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
- Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
- Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
- Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
- Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
- Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
- Karu (1988–; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland)
- Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)[36]
- Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
- Moskva (2008–)
- Sankt-Peterburg (2009–)
- Baltika (2014–)
- Vladivostok (2015–)
- Beringov Proliv (2015–)[37]
- Murman (2015–)[37]
- Murmansk (2015–; in service)[38]
- Novorossiysk (2016– (planned); under construction)[38]
- Viktor Chernomyrdin (2017– (current estimate); under construction)
- Aleksandr Sannikov (2017– (planned); under construction)[39]
- Second icebreaker for Gazprom Neft (2017– (planned); under construction)[40]
- Port icebreaker for Atomflot (2018– (planned); ordered)[41]
Steam-powered icebreakers
- Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
- Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)[42]
- Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
- Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)[43]
- A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
- Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
- Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
- Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
- Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
- Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
- Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
- Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
- Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)[44]
- Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)[45]
- Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)[46]
- Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)[47]
- Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)[48]
- Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
- Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
- Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
- Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (–1961); broken up)
- Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (–1951); broken up)
- Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (–1956); broken up)
- A. Mikoyan (1941–??; broken up)
- Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
- Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
- Peresvet (1956–1980; decommissioned; wreck remains on the shore of Reyneke Island)
Other icebreaking vessels
The following ships are not purpose-built icebreakers, but for example anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, research vessels or other multipurpose vessels with significant icebreaking capability.
- Otto Schmidt (1979–1996; broken up)
- Akademik Fyodorov (1987–)
- Smit Sakhalin (1998–; ex-Miscaroo; ex-Canmar Miscaroo)[49]
- Kigoriak (2003–; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy)[50]
- Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–; ex-Arctic Kalvik)[51]
- SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
- Pacific Enterprise (2006–)
- Pacific Endeavour (2006–)
- Pacific Endurance (2006–)
- Polar Pevek (2006–)
- Yury Topchev (2006–)
- Vladislav Strizhov (2006–)
- Toboy (2008–)
- Varandey (2008–)
- Ikaluk (2012–; ex-Ikaluk; ex-Canmar Ikaluk; ex-Smit Sibu)[52]
- Akademik Tryoshnikov (2012–)
- Vitus Bering (2012–)
- Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
- Aleut (2015–)[53]
- Pomor (2016–; ordered)
- Normann (2016–; ordered)
- Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2016–; under construction)
- Stepan Makarov (2016–; under construction)
- Fedor Ushakov (2017–; ordered)
- Mikhail Lazarev (2017–; ordered)
- S. A. Agulhas (1977–)
- S. A. Agulhas II (2012–)
- Araon (2009–)
- See Russia
- Hesperides (1991–)
- Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (–1959); museum ship since 1977)
- Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (–1931); broken up)[54]
- Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)[55]
- Thule (1953–1998; broken up)[56]
- Oden (1957–1988; broken up)[57]
- Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)[36]
- Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)[58]
- Ale (1973–)
- Atle (1974–)
- Frej (1975–)
- Ymer (1977–)
- Oden (1988–)
- Tor Viking II (2000–)
- Balder Viking (2000–)
- Vidar Viking (2001–)
- Kapitan Belousov (1991–)[20]
- HMS Endurance (1990–; laid up since 2008)
- RRS James Clark Ross (1991–)
- RRS Ernest Shackleton (1995–)
- HMS Protector (2011–)
- A new icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2019.[59]
- USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship)
- USCGC Staten Island (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; broken up)
- USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977)
- USCGC Southwind (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; broken up in 1976)
- USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; likely broken up)
- USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999)
- USCGC Burton Island (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982)
- USCGC Edisto (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980)
- USCGC Glacier (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012)
- USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–; in service)
- USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; out of service and awaiting disposal as of 2015[update])
- USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) (2000–; in service)
- USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) (2006–; in service)
- Nathaniel B. Palmer (1992–)[60]
- Laurence M. Gould (1997–)[61]
- Sikuliaq (2014–)
- Aiviq (2012–)
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