List of multi-level marketing companies

This is a list of companies which use multi-level marketing (also known as network marketing,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] direct selling,^[3]^[6] referral marketing,^[7] and pyramid selling^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]) for most of their sales.

List

5LINX
ACN Inc.
AdvoCare
Agel Enterprises
Ambit Energy
Amsoil
Amway^[13]
Amway Global, previously known as Quixtar
Avon Products
Beachbody^[14]
BioPerformance
Discovery Toys^[13]
doTerra^[15]
Forever Living Products
FreeLife
Fuel Freedom International
FundAmerica
Herbalife
Isagenix International
Juice Plus
Kleeneze
LegalShield, previously known as Pre-Paid Legal Services
LifeVantage
The Longaberger Company^[13]
Mannatech
Market America
Mary Kay^[13]
Medifast
Melaleuca^[16]
Morinda Bioactives^[17]
National Safety Associates
Nature's Sunshine Products
Neways
Nu Skin Enterprises^[13]^[18]
Omnilife
Oriflame
The Pampered Chef^[13]
Primerica^[13]
Qnet, previously known as QuestNet, GoldQuest, and QI Limited
Reliv
Scentsy
Shaklee^[13]
Stream Energy
Success University
Sunrider^[13]
Telecom Plus
Unicity International
USANA Health Sciences
Vector Marketing
Vemma^[19]
ViSalus
Watkins Incorporated^[13]
World Financial Group
XanGo^[18]
Young Living
YTB International

Defunct

BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012)
Equinox International (dissolved in 2001)
European Grouping of Marketing Professionals/CEDIPAC SA (dissolved 1995)
European Home Retail (dissolved 2007)
Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved 2013)
Holiday Magic (dissolved in 1974)
Metabolife (dissolved in 2005)
MonaVie (went into foreclosure 2015)
Nouveau Riche (real estate investment college) (dissolved 2010)
Solavei (dissolved 2015)^[20]
Royal Tongan Limu (dissolved in 2003)
Sunshine Empire (dissolved 2009)
Telexfree (bankrupt 2014)
United Sciences of America (dissolved in 1987)
WakeUpNow (dissolved 2015)
World Leadership Group (dissolved in 2008)

References

^ Pratt, Michael G.; Rosa, José Antonio (2003). "Transforming work-family conflict into commitment in network marketing organizations". The Academy of Management Journal. 46 (4): 395–418. doi:10.2307/30040635.
^ Vander Nat, Peter J.; Keep, William W. (2002). "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 21 (1): 139–15. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603.
^ ^a ^b Merrilees, Bill; Miller, Dale (1999). "Direct Selling in the West and East: The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship (Guanxi) Drivers". Journal of Business Research. 45 (3): 267–273.
^ Cahn, Peter S. (2006). "Building down and Dreaming up: Finding Faith in a Mexican Multilevel Marketer". American Ethnologist. 33 (1): 126–142. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.1.126.
^ Marcason, Wendy (2006). "What Are the Facts and Myths about Mangosteen?". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106 (6): 986. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.008.
^ Valentine, Debra A. (May 13, 1998). "Pyramid Schemes". FTC. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
^ "multi-level marketing (a.k.a. network marketing & referral marketing) – The Skeptic's Dictionary". Skepdic.com. 1991-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
^ Edwards, Paul (1997). Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy. Tarcher. p. 356. ISBN 0-87477-898-0.
^ Clegg, Brian (2000). The invisible customer: strategies for successive customer service down the wire. Kogan Page. p. 112. ISBN 0-7494-3144-X.
^ Higgs, Philip; Smith, Jane (2007). Rethinking Our World. Juta Academic. p. 30. ISBN 0-7021-7255-3.
^ Kitching, Trevor (2001). Purchasing scams and how to avoid them. Gower Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 0-566-08281-0.
^ Mendelsohn, Martin (2004). The guide to franchising. Cengage Learning Business Press. p. 36. ISBN 1-84480-162-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Roha, Ronaleen R. (November 1991). The Ups and Downs of "Downlines". p. 66. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)
^ Rovell, Darren. "Beach Body Grows Exponentially Thanks to Network Marketing". CNBC. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
^ Harvey, Tom (October 23, 2014). "Judge dismisses much of lawsuit between rival Utah 'oils' companies". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Berman, Phyllis (October 11, 2004). "If You Believe". Forbes.
^ "DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World". Direct Selling News. June 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
^ ^a ^b Ressner, Jeffrey (2006-10-01). "Industries: State of Reliefs". Time.
^ Celarier, Michelle (29 September 2013). "Verve energy drink turning college students into sales force". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
^ Soper, Taylor. "Multi-level marketing mobile service provider Solavei shuts down due to 'competitive landscape'". GeekWire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

[1] Pratt, Michael G.; Rosa, José Antonio (2003). "Transforming work-family conflict into commitment in network marketing organizations". The Academy of Management Journal. 46 (4): 395–418. doi:10.2307/30040635.

[2] Vander Nat, Peter J.; Keep, William W. (2002). "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 21 (1): 139–15. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603.

[merrilees-3] Merrilees, Bill; Miller, Dale (1999). "Direct Selling in the West and East: The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship (Guanxi) Drivers". Journal of Business Research. 45 (3): 267–273.

[4] Cahn, Peter S. (2006). "Building down and Dreaming up: Finding Faith in a Mexican Multilevel Marketer". American Ethnologist. 33 (1): 126–142. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.1.126.

[5] Marcason, Wendy (2006). "What Are the Facts and Myths about Mangosteen?". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106 (6): 986. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.008.

[FTCstatement-6] Valentine, Debra A. (May 13, 1998). "Pyramid Schemes". FTC. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[skepdic-7] "multi-level marketing (a.k.a. network marketing & referral marketing) – The Skeptic's Dictionary". Skepdic.com. 1991-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-04.

[8] Edwards, Paul (1997). Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy. Tarcher. p. 356. ISBN 0-87477-898-0.

[9] Clegg, Brian (2000). The invisible customer: strategies for successive customer service down the wire. Kogan Page. p. 112. ISBN 0-7494-3144-X.

[10] Higgs, Philip; Smith, Jane (2007). Rethinking Our World. Juta Academic. p. 30. ISBN 0-7021-7255-3.

[11] Kitching, Trevor (2001). Purchasing scams and how to avoid them. Gower Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 0-566-08281-0.

[12] Mendelsohn, Martin (2004). The guide to franchising. Cengage Learning Business Press. p. 36. ISBN 1-84480-162-4.

[KIP1991-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Roha, Ronaleen R. (November 1991). The Ups and Downs of "Downlines". p. 66. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)

[14] Rovell, Darren. "Beach Body Grows Exponentially Thanks to Network Marketing". CNBC. Retrieved 2015-03-28.

[15] Harvey, Tom (October 23, 2014). "Judge dismisses much of lawsuit between rival Utah 'oils' companies". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved July 22, 2015.

[16] Berman, Phyllis (October 11, 2004). "If You Believe". Forbes.

[17] "DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World". Direct Selling News. June 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-15.

[TIME2006-18] Ressner, Jeffrey (2006-10-01). "Industries: State of Reliefs". Time.

[nypost-19] Celarier, Michelle (29 September 2013). "Verve energy drink turning college students into sales force". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-03-28.

[Solavei-20] Soper, Taylor. "Multi-level marketing mobile service provider Solavei shuts down due to 'competitive landscape'". GeekWire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

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